The Experts below are selected from a list of 24252 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J Joyner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
commentary on viewpoint Human Experimentation no accurate quantitative data
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Michael J JoynerAbstract:To the Editor : In his Viewpoint article, “Human Experimentation: No accurate, quantitative data?” Dr. Loring Rowell ([2][1]) provides ample examples of quantitative methods that have added immeasurably to our understanding of physiology through Human research. At the same time, however, Dr.
Alan T Lefor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
scientific misconduct and unethical Human Experimentation historic parallels and moral implications
Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Alan T LeforAbstract:Although a great deal of Human Experimentation has been performed to elucidate information otherwise not obtainable, there are many recorded instances of unethical Human Experimentation. There is also a history of crimes that were committed and disguised as Human experiments, best exemplified by the activities of some physicians in Nazi Germany from 1933 until 1945. As a direct result of these activities, a war-crimes trial after World War II resulted in the creation of the Nuremberg Code, to guide future Human Experimentation. Despite this, unethical experiments were conducted at major academic institutions in the United States in the years after World War II by otherwise normal physicians who did not feel that the Nuremberg Code applied to them personally. There are several possible explanations for such activities, but the desire for personal advancement is prominent among these. Episodes of scientific misconduct such as falsification of experimental data or of personal qualifications seem to be more commonly reported recently and have also been described in the popular press. This activity may also be motivated by desire for personal advancement, giving it a parallel to the conduct of unethical Human Experimentation. Education may be the best way to prevent these activities that may have similar motivating factors.
Loring B Rowell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Human Experimentation no accurate quantitative data
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Loring B RowellAbstract:This Viewpoint addresses two issues in comparing data from Humans and animals in studies of cardiovascular physiology: 1 ) accuracy of methods and 2 ) limits in extrapolating data from one species to another. You are invited to submit a brief commentary on this Viewpoint, which will be reviewed by
J G Cannon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Human Experimentation with neisseria gonorrhoeae progress and goals
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Myron S Cohen, J G CannonAbstract:Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae has adverse consequences for reproductive health and facilitates the transmission of the Human immunodeficiency virus. A major limitation in the development of gonococcal vaccines has been the lack of an animal model. Urethral infection can be initiated in male volunteer subjects through urethral inoculation. Several hundred patients have participated in studies using this experimental infection model. These studies have helped define the natural history of experimental infection and provided a better understanding of phenotypic and genotypic variation of gonococci in vivo. Isogenic molecular mutants can be used to define a role for gonococcal surface structures, including pilin and transferrin-binding proteins; recent results demonstrate that gonococci unable to express transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins cannot cause urethral infection. The experimental model has proven to be an efficient means of studying gonococcal infection and focusing vaccine development. In addition, this model should allow vaccines to be tested quickly and efficiently.
-
Human Experimentation with neisseria gonorrhoeae rationale methods and implications for the biology of infection and vaccine development
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Myron S Cohen, J G Cannon, Ann E Jerse, Larry Charniga, Susan F Isbey, Leesa G WhickerAbstract:Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is limited to the Human host. Experimental urethral infection in male volunteers was used to study different aspects of the infection. Urethral installation of a variety of gonococcal variants (10(4)-10(6)) led to infection in 27 subjects, who developed pyuria and shed bacteria in urine before urethritis developed 1-6 days after gonococcal inoculation. The incubation period was affected by the inoculation procedure and size of the inoculum. Subjects were treated with intramuscular ceftriaxone (250 mg) if urethritis developed or at 6 days after inoculation. Urine cultures became negative within several hours of therapy, and symptoms resolved within 1 day of therapy. Infected patients suffered no major complications. Experimental male urethral gonococcal infection provides a unique opportunity to understand the biology and immunology of gonococcal infection and is an efficient method to test gonococcal vaccine candidates.
Myron S Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Human Experimentation with neisseria gonorrhoeae progress and goals
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Myron S Cohen, J G CannonAbstract:Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae has adverse consequences for reproductive health and facilitates the transmission of the Human immunodeficiency virus. A major limitation in the development of gonococcal vaccines has been the lack of an animal model. Urethral infection can be initiated in male volunteer subjects through urethral inoculation. Several hundred patients have participated in studies using this experimental infection model. These studies have helped define the natural history of experimental infection and provided a better understanding of phenotypic and genotypic variation of gonococci in vivo. Isogenic molecular mutants can be used to define a role for gonococcal surface structures, including pilin and transferrin-binding proteins; recent results demonstrate that gonococci unable to express transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins cannot cause urethral infection. The experimental model has proven to be an efficient means of studying gonococcal infection and focusing vaccine development. In addition, this model should allow vaccines to be tested quickly and efficiently.
-
Human Experimentation with neisseria gonorrhoeae rationale methods and implications for the biology of infection and vaccine development
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Myron S Cohen, J G Cannon, Ann E Jerse, Larry Charniga, Susan F Isbey, Leesa G WhickerAbstract:Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is limited to the Human host. Experimental urethral infection in male volunteers was used to study different aspects of the infection. Urethral installation of a variety of gonococcal variants (10(4)-10(6)) led to infection in 27 subjects, who developed pyuria and shed bacteria in urine before urethritis developed 1-6 days after gonococcal inoculation. The incubation period was affected by the inoculation procedure and size of the inoculum. Subjects were treated with intramuscular ceftriaxone (250 mg) if urethritis developed or at 6 days after inoculation. Urine cultures became negative within several hours of therapy, and symptoms resolved within 1 day of therapy. Infected patients suffered no major complications. Experimental male urethral gonococcal infection provides a unique opportunity to understand the biology and immunology of gonococcal infection and is an efficient method to test gonococcal vaccine candidates.