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Robert A. Creo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Brief Stroll on the Roundabout of Authenticity, Confidentiality & Impartiality
    Alternatives To The High Cost of Litigation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Creo
    Abstract:

    Editor's note: Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a Pittsburgh arbitrator and mediator, has been revisiting his catalog of CPR Institute website columns, originated a decade ago, in a Back to Basics Alternatives series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns are in print for the first time, building on new concepts and knowledge. He has revisited a wide spectrum of mediation room behaviors and practices.

  • Quick Takes: Magic Moments
    Alternatives To The High Cost of Litigation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Creo
    Abstract:

    Editor's note: Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a Pittsburgh arbitrator and mediator, has been revisiting his catalog of CPR Institute website columns, originated a decade ago, in a Back to Basics series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns are in print for the first time, building on new concepts and knowledge. He has revisited a wide spectrum of mediation room behaviors and practices. This month's column combines two of those early efforts.

  • The Theory of Settlement, in Two Words … With a Little Hollywood Help
    Alternatives To The High Cost of Litigation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Creo
    Abstract:

    Editor's note: Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a Pittsburgh arbitrator and mediator, has been revisiting his catalog of CPR Institute website columns, originated a decade ago, in a Back to Basics Alternatives series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns are in print for the first time, building on new concepts and knowledge. He has revisited a wide spectrum of mediation room behaviors and practices.

  • The Mediation Field, in Theory and Practice
    Alternatives To The High Cost of Litigation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Creo
    Abstract:

    Editor's note: Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a Pittsburgh arbitrator and mediator, has been revisiting his CPR Institute website columns, originated a decade ago, in a Back to Basics Alternatives series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns are in print for the first time, building on the original concepts with new knowledge. He has revisited a wide spectrum of mediation room behaviors and practices. This month, he returns to the sixth column he wrote at www.cpradr.org, and updates it.

  • The Mediator as Arbitrager: Asymmetry in Action
    Alternatives To The High Cost of Litigation, 2015
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Creo
    Abstract:

    Editor's note: Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a Pittsburgh arbitrator and mediator, has been revisiting his catalog of CPR Institute website columns, originated a decade ago, in a Back to Basics Alternatives series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns, in print for the first time, began a year ago. He has revisited a wide spectrum of mediation room behaviors and practices. This month, he returns to the third column he wrote at www.cpradr.org, and brings it forward.

Alexandra Kirsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Modelling Human problem solving with data from an online game
    Cognitive Processing, 2016
    Co-Authors: Tim Rach, Alexandra Kirsch
    Abstract:

    Since the beginning of cognitive science, researchers have tried to understand Human strategies in order to develop efficient and adequate computational methods. In the domain of problem solving, the travelling salesperson problem has been used for the investigation and modelling of Human Solutions. We propose to extend this effort with an online game, in which instances of the travelling salesperson problem have to be solved in the context of a game experience. We report on our effort to design and run such a game, present the data contained in the resulting openly available data set and provide an outlook on the use of games in general for cognitive science research. In addition, we present three geometrical models mapping the starting point preferences in the problems presented in the game as the result of an evaluation of the data set.

  • Heuristic Problem Solving with Abstract Knowledge in the Context of the Travelling Salesperson Problem
    2014
    Co-Authors: Alexandra Kirsch
    Abstract:

    Computationally hard problems like the Travelling Salesperson Problem, can be solved remarkably well by Humans. Results obtained by computers are usually closer to the optimum, but require high computational effort and often differ from the Human Solutions. This paper introduces Greedy Expert Search (GES), which strives to show the same flexibility and efficiency of Human Solutions, while producing results of similarly high quality. A particular focus is on how to use abstract knowledge in the solution process. The Travelling Salesperson Problem serves as an example problem to illustrate and evaluate the approach.

  • Humanlike Problem Solving in the Context of the Traveling Salesperson Problem
    2011
    Co-Authors: Alexandra Kirsch
    Abstract:

    Computationally hard problems, like the Traveling Salesperson Problem, can be solved remarkably well by Humans. Results obtained by computers are usually closer to the optimum, but require high computational effort and often differ from the Human Solutions. This paper introduces Greedy Expert Search (GES) that strives to show the same flexibility and efficiency of Human Solutions, while producing results of similarly high quality. The Traveling Salesperson Problem serves as an example problem to illustrate and evaluate the approach .

  • AAAI Fall Symposium: Advances in Cognitive Systems - Humanlike Problem Solving in the Context of the Traveling Salesperson Problem
    2011
    Co-Authors: Alexandra Kirsch
    Abstract:

    Computationally hard problems, like the Traveling Salesperson Problem, can be solved remarkably well by Humans. Results obtained by computers are usually closer to the optimum, but require high computational effort and often differ from the Human Solutions. This paper introduces Greedy Expert Search (GES) that strives to show the same flexibility and efficiency of Human Solutions, while producing results of similarly high quality. The Traveling Salesperson Problem serves as an example problem to illustrate and evaluate the approach.

E. P. Chronicle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Comparison of Heuristic and Human Performance on Open Versions of the Traveling Salesperson Problem
    The Journal of Problem Solving, 2006
    Co-Authors: J. N. Macgregor, E. P. Chronicle, Thomas C. Ormerod
    Abstract:

    We compared the performance of three heuristics with that of subjects on variants of a well-known combinatorial optimization task, the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). The present task consisted of finding the shortest path through an array of points from one side of the array to the other. Like the standard TSP, the task is computationally intractable and, as with the standard TSP, people appear to be able to find good Solutions with relative ease. The three heuristics used mechanisms that have been cited as potentially relevant in Human performance in the standard task. These were: convex hull, nearest neighbor, and crossing avoidance. We compared heuristic and Human performance in terms of lengths of paths, overlap between Solutions, and number of crossings. Of the three heuristics, the convex hull appeared to result in the best overall fit with Human Solutions.

  • A model of Human performance on the traveling salesperson problem
    Memory & Cognition, 2000
    Co-Authors: J. N. Macgregor, T. C. Ormerod, E. P. Chronicle
    Abstract:

    A computational model is proposed of how Humans solve the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). Tests of the model are reported, using Human performance measures from a variety of 10-, 20-, 40-, and 60-node problems, a single 48-node problem, and a single 100-node problem. The model provided a range of Solutions that approximated the range of Human Solutions and conformed closely to quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Human performance. The minimum path lengths of subjects and model deviated by average absolute values of 0.0%, 0.9%, 2.4%, 1.4%, 3.5%, and 0.02% for the 10-, 20-, 40-, 48-, 60-, and 100-node problems, respectively. Because the model produces a range of Solutions, rather than a single solution, it may find better Solutions than some conventional heuristic algorithms for solving TSPs, and comparative results are reported that support this suggestion.

J Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Automated anthropometric phenotyping with novel Kinect-based three-dimensional imaging method: comparison with a reference laser imaging system
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: L Soileau, D Bautista, C Johnson, K Zhang, X Li, S B Heymsfield, D Thomas, J Zheng
    Abstract:

    Background/Objectives: Anthropometry for measuring body composition, shape, surface area and volume is important for Human clinical research and practice. Although training and technical skills are required for traditional tape and caliper anthropometry, a new opportunity exists for automated measurement using newly developed relatively low-cost three-dimensional (3D) imaging devices. The aim of this study was to compare results provided by a Kinect-based device to a traditional laser 3D reference system. Subjects/Methods: Measurements made by the evaluated device, a hybrid of commercially purchased hardware (KX-16; TC^2, Cary, NC, USA) with our additional added software, were compared with those derived by a high-resolution laser scanner (Vitus Smart XXL; Human Solutions North America, Cary, NC, USA). Both imaging systems were compared with additional linear (stadiometer-derived height) and volumetric (total volume, air-displacement plethysmography) measurements. Subjects ( n =101) were healthy children (age ≥5 years) and adults varying in body mass index. Results: Representative linear (4), circumferential (6), volumetric (3) and surface area (1) measurements made by the Kinect-based device showed a consistent pattern relative to the laser system: high correlations ( R ^2s= 0.70–0.99, all P

J. N. Macgregor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Comparison of Heuristic and Human Performance on Open Versions of the Traveling Salesperson Problem
    The Journal of Problem Solving, 2006
    Co-Authors: J. N. Macgregor, E. P. Chronicle, Thomas C. Ormerod
    Abstract:

    We compared the performance of three heuristics with that of subjects on variants of a well-known combinatorial optimization task, the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). The present task consisted of finding the shortest path through an array of points from one side of the array to the other. Like the standard TSP, the task is computationally intractable and, as with the standard TSP, people appear to be able to find good Solutions with relative ease. The three heuristics used mechanisms that have been cited as potentially relevant in Human performance in the standard task. These were: convex hull, nearest neighbor, and crossing avoidance. We compared heuristic and Human performance in terms of lengths of paths, overlap between Solutions, and number of crossings. Of the three heuristics, the convex hull appeared to result in the best overall fit with Human Solutions.

  • A model of Human performance on the traveling salesperson problem
    Memory & Cognition, 2000
    Co-Authors: J. N. Macgregor, T. C. Ormerod, E. P. Chronicle
    Abstract:

    A computational model is proposed of how Humans solve the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). Tests of the model are reported, using Human performance measures from a variety of 10-, 20-, 40-, and 60-node problems, a single 48-node problem, and a single 100-node problem. The model provided a range of Solutions that approximated the range of Human Solutions and conformed closely to quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Human performance. The minimum path lengths of subjects and model deviated by average absolute values of 0.0%, 0.9%, 2.4%, 1.4%, 3.5%, and 0.02% for the 10-, 20-, 40-, 48-, 60-, and 100-node problems, respectively. Because the model produces a range of Solutions, rather than a single solution, it may find better Solutions than some conventional heuristic algorithms for solving TSPs, and comparative results are reported that support this suggestion.