The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

William F Pickard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • massive electricity storage for a developed economy of ten billion people
    IEEE Access, 2015
    Co-Authors: William F Pickard
    Abstract:

    Presently, America’s average electrical power consumption is $\sim 1.3$ kW/p; in the world as a whole, it is $\sim 0.33$ kW/p. If, for 2050, a world goal of 1 kW/p is adopted, this implies an average electric power draw of 1 GW for each population cohort of 1 000 000 residents; and the Earth will have $\sim $ 10 000 such cohorts. Multi-hour outages are already common; demand peaks daily; and renewable generation is intermittent. Hence, as a hedge against rare supply failures, each cohort would profit from local backup storage of electricity/energy in the order of 1–2 GWd. For comparison, the biggest electrochemical storage scheme yet seriously proposed will contain $\sim 240$ MWh, while even the largest pumped hydro storage reservoirs are <50 GWh. In approximately 50 years, when fossil fuels have become scarce, we should already have constructed this bulk storage. This review argues that the principal contenders for the storage of electricity in bulk are: 1) electrochemical storage in flow batteries; 2) chemical storage in agents, such as ammonia, hydrogen, methanol, or light hydrocarbons; 3) compressed air energy storage; and 4) underground pumped hydro. Finally, it will argue that not one of these four contenders has yet been built, tested, and perfected, while virtually none of the needed storage capacity exists today.

  • The History, Present State, and Future Prospects of Underground Pumped Hydro for Massive Energy Storage
    Proceedings of the IEEE, 2012
    Co-Authors: William F Pickard
    Abstract:

    If our industrial civilization is to be sustained, it must find renewable sources of energy to replace its finite and rapidly shrinking reserves of fossil carbon. Moreover, these renewables, even if intermittent, must somehow be rendered reliable and dispatchable, most probably by developing super-massive storage facilities for energy. Historically this has meant pumped hydroelectric storage, a technology that is well developed, reliable, comparatively inexpensive, and seriously limited by a shortage of suitable reservoir sites. The obvious solution is to excavate an underground reservoir many hundreds of meters below surface level and to exchange water between it and a surface reservoir created immediately above it and diked using spoil from the excavation. This variant of hydro storage is called underground pumped hydro (UPH) and is described in detail in this review, where it will be shown that: 1) the cost per GW of pumping station could be reasonable and on the order of 1 G$US while 2) the cost of storage capacity could be less than 100 $US per kWh and in keeping with the U.S. Department of Energy's cost goals.

  • parking the power strategies and physical limitations for bulk energy storage in supply demand matching on a grid whose input power is provided by intermittent sources
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009
    Co-Authors: William F Pickard, Amy Q Shen, Nicholas J Hansing
    Abstract:

    It is shown that, in a sustainable energy future, energy for the electricity grid will probably be derived largely from the renewable sources of wind and solar radiation. Because both are intermittent, any infinite busbar grid supplying a metropolitan area must necessarily be buffered from these intermittencies by massive energy storage on the gigawatt-day level. It is then demonstrated that, under presently foreseeable scientific capabilities, only underground pumped hydro and advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage appear capable of meeting anticipated technological and economic constraints. Neither has ever been constructed and tested; but even so it is predicted that underground pumped hydro ultimately will prove to be superior.

Salman Ahmed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hybrid pumped hydro and battery storage for renewable energy based power supply system
    Applied Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Muhammad Shahzad Javed, Dan Zhong, Aotian Song, Salman Ahmed
    Abstract:

    Abstract It is very challenging for single energy storage to make an off-grid renewable energy (RE) system that is fully capable and reliable, unless there are an oversized generator and storage capacities which eventually lead to high dump load, due to high variability and intermittency of RE resources. In this study, a hybrid pumped and battery storage (HPBS) system is proposed to make the off-grid RE system more reliable and sustainable. Firstly sizing of RE generators and energy storages is accomplished, then a novel operating strategy of the HPBS based RE system is developed, considering the operating range of reversible pump-turbine machine, to extract maximum stored energy by operating HPBS at optimum efficiency. In the proposed model, the battery is only used in order to meet very low energy shortfalls considering the net power deficiency and state of charge, while pumped hydro storage works as the main storage for high energy demand. To make sure the functionality of each energy storage, HPBS operating strategy is developed based on the operating range, both in discharging/charging, of reversible pump-turbine machine which is defined after several simulation cases. Some indicators including storage overall performance (SOP), energy utilization ratio (EUR) and storage usage factor (SUF) are taken into account for HPBS performance analysis. It is observed, that by employing the hydro turbine with operation in range from 20% to 100%, a high SUF for pumped storage can be attained while the SOP of battery is high due to a small regular energy flow from it. After one-year simulation, the overall SOP and SUF of HPBS is calculated as 66.4% and 7.3% respectively, while EUR of the whole system is 16.5%. Finally, the energy balance of the proposed system is analyzed to reveal the detailed operational performance of HPBS.

Giorgio Pavesi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a new generation of small hydro and pumped hydro power plants advances and future challenges
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014
    Co-Authors: Guido Ardizzon, Giovanna Cavazzini, Giorgio Pavesi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hydropower is not only a renewable and sustainable energy source, but its flexibility and storage capacity also makes it possible to improve grid stability and to support the deployment of other intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. As a result, a renewed interest in pumped-hydro energy storage plants (PHES) and a huge demand for the rehabilitation of old small hydropower plants are emerging globally. As regards PHES, advances in turbine design are required to increase plant performance and flexibility and new strategies for optimizing storage capacity and for maximizing plant profitability in the deregulated energy market have to be developed. During the upgrading of old small hydropower plants, the main challenges to be faced are the design of new runners, that had to match the existing stationary parts, and the development of optimal sizing and management strategies to increase their economic appeal. This paper traces an overview of the prospects of pumped-hydro energy storage plants and small hydro power plants in the light of sustainable development. Advances and future challenges in both turbine design and plant planning and management are proposed. PHES and hybrid wind/solar-PHES are illustrated and discussed, as well as the limits and peculiarities of the new design strategies, based on computational fluid dynamics, for both PHES and small hydropower plants.

  • a new generation of small hydro and pumped hydro power plants advances and future challenges
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014
    Co-Authors: Guido Ardizzon, Giovanna Cavazzini, Giorgio Pavesi
    Abstract:

    Hydropower is not only a renewable and sustainable energy source, but its flexibility and storage capacity also makes it possible to improve grid stability and to support the deployment of other intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. As a result, a renewed interest in pumped-hydro energy storage plants (PHES) and a huge demand for the rehabilitation of old small hydropower plants are emerging globally.

Goran Andersson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • multi horizon modeling in hydro power planning
    Energy Procedia, 2016
    Co-Authors: Hubert Abgottspon, Goran Andersson
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, a novel modeling framework is proposed, the multi-horizon modeling approach. This approach allows a very detailed and transparent modeling of many problems in hydro power planning by simultaneously being computationally very efficient. The model is applied to a complex pumped storage hydro power plant in a liberalized market environment in order to give decision support for the self-scheduling of it. The modeling framework is compared to three alternative state-of-the-art modeling approaches. The results suggest that multi-horizon models are especially valuable for the modeling of hydro power plants with different types of reservoirs.

  • medium term optimization of pumped hydro storage with stochastic intrastage subproblems
    Power Systems Computation Conference, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hubert Abgottspon, Goran Andersson
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a medium-term self-scheduling of pumped hydro storage plants. A decomposition of the problem into inter- and intrastage subproblems, where the intrastage problems themselves are formulated as multi-stage stochastic programs, allows the detailed consideration of short-term flexibility. The method is presented together with three alternative approaches, where the short-term flexibility is considered differently: (1) with aggregated peak and off-peak prices, (2) with price duration curves and (3) with deterministic intrastage subproblems. The approaches are compared and evaluated in a Monte Carlo operation simulation study. The study is performed on a realistic hydro power plant with consideration of revenue from ancillary services.

  • medium term optimization of pumped hydro storage with stochastic intrastage subproblems
    arXiv: Optimization and Control, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hubert Abgottspon, Goran Andersson
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a medium-term self-scheduling optimization of pumped hydro storage power plants with detailed consideration of short-term flexibility. A decomposition of the problem into inter- and intrastage subproblems, where the intrastage problems themselves are formulated as multi-stage stochastic programs, allows the detailed consideration of short- term flexibility. The method is presented together with three alter- native approaches, where the short-term flexibility is considered differently: (1) with aggregated peak and off-peak prices, (2) with price duration curves and (3) with deterministic intrastage subproblems. The methods are compared and evaluated in a Monte Carlo operation simulation study. The study is performed on a realistic hydro power plant with consideration of revenue from ancillary services.

Edgardo D Castronuovo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an integrated approach for optimal coordination of wind power and hydro pumping storage
    Wind Energy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Edgardo D Castronuovo, Julio Usaola, Ricardo J Bessa, Manuel A Matos, I C Costa, L Bremermann, Jesus Lugaro, Georges Kariniotakis
    Abstract:

    The increasing wind power penetration in power systems represents a techno-economic challenge for power producers and system operators. Because of the variability and uncertainty of wind power, system operators require new solutions to increase the controllability of wind farm output. On the other hand, producers that include wind farms in their portfolio need to find new ways to boost their profits in electricity markets. This can be done by optimizing the combination of wind farms and storage so as to make larger profits when selling power (trading) and reduce penalties from imbalances in the operation. The present work describes a new integrated approach for analysing wind-storage solutions that make use of probabilistic forecasts and optimization techniques to aid decision making on operating such systems. The approach includes a set of three complementary functions suitable for use in current systems. A real-life system is studied, comprising two wind farms and a large hydro station with pumping capacity. Economic profits and better operational features can be obtained from the proposed cooperation between the wind farms and storage. The revenues are function of the type of hydro storage used and the market characteristics, and several options are compared in this study. The results show that the use of a storage device can lead to a significant increase in revenue, up to 11% (2010 data, Iberian market). Also, the coordinated action improves the operational features of the integrated system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • optimal operation and hydro storage sizing of a wind hydro power plant
    International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2004
    Co-Authors: Edgardo D Castronuovo, Joao Pecas Lopes
    Abstract:

    Ambitious targets for renewable power production have been defined for the electric power systems in Europe. The accomplishment of these targets requires the increase in renewable energy production, namely from wind power generation. However, the intermittent nature of wind creates several problems to the power system operation and new approaches based on the combined use of wind power and energy storage technologies need to be developed. In this paper, the concept of the combined use of wind power production and hydro storage/production is exploited, through the development of an operational optimisation approach applied to a wind generator park with little water storage ability. The optimisation model defines the operational strategy to be followed for the hours ahead by a pump station and an hydraulic generator embedded in a wind/hydro pumping facility, using the Portuguese energy remuneration rules. The proposed methodology leads to considerable yearly profits for the wind generator production.