The Experts below are selected from a list of 615 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Colin E Snape - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
P290-WE Hydropyrolysis AS A PREPARATIVE METHOD FOR THE COMPOUND SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF STEROIDS
2015Co-Authors: Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Mark A Sephton, Gordon D LoveAbstract:The ability to accurately determine the carbon isotopic composition of steroids by standard gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) techniques would be of great benefit for a variety of environmental and biological science applications. However, steroids in their natural form exhibit poor chromatographic resolution, while derivatisation adds extra carbon atoms thereby corrupting the starting stable isotopic composition of the target molecules (Wolthers and Kraan, 1999). This study describes the application of Hydropyrolysis to the defunctionalisation of individual steroids to yield their corresponding hydrocarbons, thus retaining the carbon skeleton intact while improving chromatographic resolution, allowing for the faithful measurement of carbon isotope ratios. Hydropyrolysis, which involves the catalytic addition of hydrogen to the carbon skeleton under a high hydrogen gas pressure (15 MPa), was originally developed as a method for the analysis of covalently bound biomarkers in crude oils and source rocks (Love et al., 1995), and has been successfully used to defunctionalise fatty acids prior to GC-C-IRMS analysis (Sephton et al., 2005a). The product recovered after the Hydropyrolysis of 5-cholestanol (Fig. 1a) i
-
geochemical characterisation of heavily biodegraded tar sand bitumens by catalytic Hydropyrolysis
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Oluwadayo O Sonibare, Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Clement N Uguna, Gordon D LoveAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis was used to release the aliphatic biomarkers covalently bound within the asphaltene structure of highly biodegraded Nigerian tar sand bitumens. Unlike the free aliphatic hydrocarbons extracted from the bitumen, the Hydropyrolysis products of the asphaltenes afford aliphatic biomarkers having the characteristics of the initial unaltered oil, which had been trapped within the asphaltene matrix of the bitumen and protected from biodegradation processes. The biomarker profiles obtained allow proper characterisation of the bitumen in terms of source and thermal maturity. Catalytic Hydropyrolysis is also capable of releasing aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used in the geochemical characterisation of the bitumen.
-
the occurrence of unusual hopenes in hydropyrolysates generated from severely biodegraded oil seep asphaltenes
Organic Geochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, A D Carr, Hans Peter Nytoft, Gordon D LoveAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis has been used to generate pristine biomarker profiles from the asphaltenes isolated from a West African oil seep, which had been subjected to such severe biodegradation that it contained no recognisable free biomarkers. In addition to the expected hopanes, the m/z 191 mass chromatogram contained four peaks, which appeared to be hopenes; 22,29,30-trisnorhop-17(21)-ene is relatively common in hydropyrolysates, but the other three have only been encountered in a few samples. After isolation using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), hydrogenation and isomerisation experiments, the two C30 compounds were tentatively assigned as 17α(H)-hop-20(21)-ene and 17β(H)-hop-20(21)-ene, and the C27 compound as 22,29,30-trisnorhop-16(17)-ene.
-
the use of model compounds to investigate the release of covalently bound biomarkers via Hydropyrolysis
Organic Geochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Mark A Sephton, Chengong Sun, Gordon D LoveAbstract:Abstract This study describes the reduction of functionalised model compounds to their corresponding hydrocarbons by catalytic Hydropyrolysis to provide information on the release of biomarkers from kerogens and asphaltenes covalently bound through the functional groups investigated. Five model compounds were investigated, the n -C 18 carboxylic acids, stearic and oleic acids; the C 24 steroidal acid, 5β-cholanic acid; and the saturated and unsaturated C 27 sterols, 5α-cholestanol and cholesterol. The yield and distribution of the hydrocarbons generated were assessed for the model compounds adsorbed to silica and carbon substrates, and unsupported on a bed of catalyst. The n -C 18 acids are shown to be reduced to the n -C 18 alkane, with a selectivity of >95% for stearic acid, although due to its unsaturated structure, oleic acid is prone to cracking, with shorter chained n -alkanes also being formed. The conversion of these compounds, adsorbed to either silica or carbon is relatively low, even at Hydropyrolysis temperatures significantly above their boiling point, suggesting that interactions between the acids and substrate leading to the formation of stable entities (Si–O–C linkages in the case of silica) significantly retard volatilisation. The yield can be increased by placing the compounds directly onto a bed of catalyst, but for low boiling compounds such as stearic acid this can result in volatilisation and cracking at temperatures below that of the activation point of the catalyst. This method produced improved yields of >95% pure product for higher boiling compounds such as 5β-cholanic acid. The presence of the functional group attached to the ring system of compounds such as 5α-cholestanol does not diminish the selectivity of the technique. The double bond in cholesterol resulted in more incomplete hydrogenation with sterenes being generated, and in addition to 5α and 5β-cholestane, diasteranes were also generated via migration of the double bond.
-
comparison of the generation of oil by the extraction and the Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Fuel, 2006Co-Authors: Ozlem Onay, Alec F Gaines, Omer Mete Kockar, M Adams, T R Tyagi, Colin E SnapeAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses the maximisation of the yields of useful bio-oils generated from seeds and nut-shells both by extraction and by Hydropyrolysis. The formation and the composition of the bio-oils are also discussed. Powdered (
Gordon D Love - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
P290-WE Hydropyrolysis AS A PREPARATIVE METHOD FOR THE COMPOUND SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF STEROIDS
2015Co-Authors: Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Mark A Sephton, Gordon D LoveAbstract:The ability to accurately determine the carbon isotopic composition of steroids by standard gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) techniques would be of great benefit for a variety of environmental and biological science applications. However, steroids in their natural form exhibit poor chromatographic resolution, while derivatisation adds extra carbon atoms thereby corrupting the starting stable isotopic composition of the target molecules (Wolthers and Kraan, 1999). This study describes the application of Hydropyrolysis to the defunctionalisation of individual steroids to yield their corresponding hydrocarbons, thus retaining the carbon skeleton intact while improving chromatographic resolution, allowing for the faithful measurement of carbon isotope ratios. Hydropyrolysis, which involves the catalytic addition of hydrogen to the carbon skeleton under a high hydrogen gas pressure (15 MPa), was originally developed as a method for the analysis of covalently bound biomarkers in crude oils and source rocks (Love et al., 1995), and has been successfully used to defunctionalise fatty acids prior to GC-C-IRMS analysis (Sephton et al., 2005a). The product recovered after the Hydropyrolysis of 5-cholestanol (Fig. 1a) i
-
geochemical characterisation of heavily biodegraded tar sand bitumens by catalytic Hydropyrolysis
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Oluwadayo O Sonibare, Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Clement N Uguna, Gordon D LoveAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis was used to release the aliphatic biomarkers covalently bound within the asphaltene structure of highly biodegraded Nigerian tar sand bitumens. Unlike the free aliphatic hydrocarbons extracted from the bitumen, the Hydropyrolysis products of the asphaltenes afford aliphatic biomarkers having the characteristics of the initial unaltered oil, which had been trapped within the asphaltene matrix of the bitumen and protected from biodegradation processes. The biomarker profiles obtained allow proper characterisation of the bitumen in terms of source and thermal maturity. Catalytic Hydropyrolysis is also capable of releasing aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used in the geochemical characterisation of the bitumen.
-
the occurrence of unusual hopenes in hydropyrolysates generated from severely biodegraded oil seep asphaltenes
Organic Geochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, A D Carr, Hans Peter Nytoft, Gordon D LoveAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis has been used to generate pristine biomarker profiles from the asphaltenes isolated from a West African oil seep, which had been subjected to such severe biodegradation that it contained no recognisable free biomarkers. In addition to the expected hopanes, the m/z 191 mass chromatogram contained four peaks, which appeared to be hopenes; 22,29,30-trisnorhop-17(21)-ene is relatively common in hydropyrolysates, but the other three have only been encountered in a few samples. After isolation using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), hydrogenation and isomerisation experiments, the two C30 compounds were tentatively assigned as 17α(H)-hop-20(21)-ene and 17β(H)-hop-20(21)-ene, and the C27 compound as 22,29,30-trisnorhop-16(17)-ene.
-
the use of model compounds to investigate the release of covalently bound biomarkers via Hydropyrolysis
Organic Geochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Mark A Sephton, Chengong Sun, Gordon D LoveAbstract:Abstract This study describes the reduction of functionalised model compounds to their corresponding hydrocarbons by catalytic Hydropyrolysis to provide information on the release of biomarkers from kerogens and asphaltenes covalently bound through the functional groups investigated. Five model compounds were investigated, the n -C 18 carboxylic acids, stearic and oleic acids; the C 24 steroidal acid, 5β-cholanic acid; and the saturated and unsaturated C 27 sterols, 5α-cholestanol and cholesterol. The yield and distribution of the hydrocarbons generated were assessed for the model compounds adsorbed to silica and carbon substrates, and unsupported on a bed of catalyst. The n -C 18 acids are shown to be reduced to the n -C 18 alkane, with a selectivity of >95% for stearic acid, although due to its unsaturated structure, oleic acid is prone to cracking, with shorter chained n -alkanes also being formed. The conversion of these compounds, adsorbed to either silica or carbon is relatively low, even at Hydropyrolysis temperatures significantly above their boiling point, suggesting that interactions between the acids and substrate leading to the formation of stable entities (Si–O–C linkages in the case of silica) significantly retard volatilisation. The yield can be increased by placing the compounds directly onto a bed of catalyst, but for low boiling compounds such as stearic acid this can result in volatilisation and cracking at temperatures below that of the activation point of the catalyst. This method produced improved yields of >95% pure product for higher boiling compounds such as 5β-cholanic acid. The presence of the functional group attached to the ring system of compounds such as 5α-cholestanol does not diminish the selectivity of the technique. The double bond in cholesterol resulted in more incomplete hydrogenation with sterenes being generated, and in addition to 5α and 5β-cholestane, diasteranes were also generated via migration of the double bond.
-
Hydropyrolysis a new technique for the analysis of macromolecular material in meteorites
Planetary and Space Science, 2005Co-Authors: Mark A Sephton, Will Meredith, Colin E Snape, Gordon D Love, Chenggong Sun, Jonathan S WatsonAbstract:Abstract The carbonaceous chondrite meteorites are fragments of asteroids that have remained relatively unprocessed since the formation of the Solar System 4.56 billion years ago. The major organic component in these meteorites is a macromolecular phase that is resistant to solvent extraction. The information contained within macromolecular material can be accessed by degradative techniques such as pyrolysis. Hydropyrolysis refers to pyrolysis assisted by high hydrogen gas pressures and a dispersed sulphided molybdenum catalyst. Hydropyrolysis of the Murchison macromolecular material successfully releases much greater quantities of hydrocarbons than traditional pyrolysis techniques (twofold greater than hydrous pyrolysis) including significant amounts of high molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as phenanthrene, carbazole, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzoperylene and coronene units with varying degrees of alkylation. When Hydropyrolysis products are collected using a silica trap immersed in liquid nitrogen, the technique enables the solubilisation and retention of compounds with a wide range of volatilities (i.e. benzene to coronene). This report describes the Hydropyrolysis method and the information it can provide about meteorite macromolecular material constitution.
Fernando L P Resende - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a catalytic route for production of alkanes from Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Energy & Fuels, 2020Co-Authors: Devin S Chandler, Gabriel V S Seufitelli, Fernando L P ResendeAbstract:In this work, we report a catalytic route to produce liquid alkanes from Hydropyrolysis of biomass. This route uses a NiMo-HZSM-5 catalyst in-situ, and takes place primarily in three steps: 1) nick...
-
comparison between catalytic fast pyrolysis and catalytic fast Hydropyrolysis for the production of liquid fuels in a fluidized bed reactor
Energy & Fuels, 2019Co-Authors: Devin S Chandler, Fernando L P ResendeAbstract:We report results for the conversion of Arundo donax into liquid transportation fuels with an HZSM-5 catalyst via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP, inert atmosphere) and catalytic fast Hydropyrolysis ...
-
recent advances on fast Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Catalysis Today, 2016Co-Authors: Fernando L P ResendeAbstract:Abstract Even though Hydropyrolysis of biomass has been studied for many years, it was characterized by long residence times and low heating rates. On the other hand, fast Hydropyrolysis, the rapid decomposition of an organic material under a hydrogen atmosphere, has been primarily reported only over the last five years. There is growing interest in the topic, and this brief article reviews fast Hydropyrolysis of biomass, describing previous findings, current challenges, and research opportunities for the future. The current literature shows that catalytic fast Hydropyrolysis produces primarily aromatic hydrocarbons, but alkanes and naphthenes can also be produced under appropriate conditions if a secondary unit is added for hydrotreating (ex-situ upgrading). Compared to catalytic fast pyrolysis, the higher yields of hydrocarbons and much slower catalyst deactivation due to coking promising. Yields in the range of 80–95 gal/t can be obtained, and the process economics is equivalent to those of other biofuel processes, such as fast pyrolysis followed by hydrotreating/hydrocracking.
-
Hydropyrolysis of Lignin using Pd/HZSM-5
Energy & Fuels, 2015Co-Authors: Oliver Jan, Ryan Marchand, Luiz C. A. Anjos, Gabriel V S Seufitelli, Eranda Nikolla, Fernando L P ResendeAbstract:The aim of this work was to study the formation of cycloalkanes from Hydropyrolysis of lignin with HZSM-5 and Pd/HZSM-5 catalysts. Cycloalkanes are high-octane-rating molecules and are a major component of jet fuels. We observed that palladium supported on HZSM-5 catalyzed hydrogenation and deoxygenation reactions that converted phenolic compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes. This in situ study analyzed the effect of the catalyst-to-lignin ratio, H2 partial pressure, and temperature on the yields of hydrocarbons with HZSM-5 and 1 wt % Pd/HZSM-5. Pd/HZSM-5 produced 44% more aromatic hydrocarbons than HZSM-5 at a catalyst-to-lignin ratio of 20:1, 650 °C, and a constant H2 partial pressure of 1.7 MPa. The presence of palladium led to a significant difference in yields only at 1.7 MPa H2 partial pressure. In addition, the Hydropyrolysis temperature played a substantial role in the equilibrium conversion of hydrogenation reactions that led to cycloalkanes directly from lignin. In an attempt to ...
-
Hydropyrolysis of Lignin Using Pd/HZSM‑5
2015Co-Authors: Oliver Jan, Ryan Marchand, Luiz C. A. Anjos, Gabriel V S Seufitelli, Eranda Nikolla, Fernando L P ResendeAbstract:The aim of this work was to study the formation of cycloalkanes from Hydropyrolysis of lignin with HZSM-5 and Pd/HZSM-5 catalysts. Cycloalkanes are high-octane-rating molecules and are a major component of jet fuels. We observed that palladium supported on HZSM-5 catalyzed hydrogenation and deoxygenation reactions that converted phenolic compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes. This in situ study analyzed the effect of the catalyst-to-lignin ratio, H2 partial pressure, and temperature on the yields of hydrocarbons with HZSM-5 and 1 wt % Pd/HZSM-5. Pd/HZSM-5 produced 44% more aromatic hydrocarbons than HZSM-5 at a catalyst-to-lignin ratio of 20:1, 650 °C, and a constant H2 partial pressure of 1.7 MPa. The presence of palladium led to a significant difference in yields only at 1.7 MPa H2 partial pressure. In addition, the Hydropyrolysis temperature played a substantial role in the equilibrium conversion of hydrogenation reactions that led to cycloalkanes directly from lignin. In an attempt to bypass the thermal limitations of the in situ process, we performed ex situ catalytic upgrading experiments and also observed formation of cycloalkanes at a Hydropyrolysis temperature of 650 °C, packed bed temperature of 300 °C, and H2 partial pressure of 1.7 MPa
Anker Degn Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a perspective on catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, Jostein Gabrielsen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Lasse Rongaard Clausen, Anker Degn JensenAbstract:Abstract Recent research has shown that catalytic Hydropyrolysis is a promising method for production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, only limited research has been conducted within this field and the process is still not well-understood. Based on the available literature and research in our laboratories we identified the most important reactions and propose a mechanistic model for catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass. The influence of the hydrogenation catalyst on the product distribution and composition as well as deactivation of the catalyst are discussed. Catalytic Hydropyrolysis is compared with other pyrolysis technologies, such as non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis and the challenges for catalytic Hydropyrolysis are highlighted and discussed.
-
effect of the catalyst in fluid bed catalytic Hydropyrolysis
Catalysis Today, 2020Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, Jostein Gabrielsen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Lars Pilsgaard Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Peter Wiwel, Christian Baekhoj Schandel, Anker Degn JensenAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood was conducted in a fluid bed reactor followed by a hydrodeoxygenation reactor with a sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst. In order to evaluate the effect of the catalyst in the fluid bed reactor, six different bed materials were tested. Conducting the Hydropyrolysis using only the catalyst support materials MgAl2O4 or zeolite mixed with Al2O3 (H-ZSM-5-Al2O3) gave a high char and coke yield (18.7–21.1 wt.% dry ash free (daf)), CO and CO2 (18.9 and 20.0 wt.% daf), and low yield of condensed organics and C4+ gasses (17.8–20.4 wt.% daf). Using the supported catalysts CoMo/MgAl2O4 or NiMo/H-ZSM-5-Al2O3 significantly decreased the char yield to between 11.4 and 13.1 wt.% daf, while the condensed organics and C4+ yield increased to 21.5 wt.% daf for the CoMo/MgAl2O4 and 24.0 wt.% daf for the NiMo/H-ZSM-5-Al2O3. As an alternative to the (commercial) supported catalysts, a cheap natural mineral bog iron was tested as catalyst and gave a condensed organics and C4+ yield of 22.8 wt.% daf when pre-sulfiding the bog iron, while the yield was 24.7 wt.% daf when the bog iron was used un-sulfided, but reduced prior to the experiment. This indicates that bog iron is the most suitable catalyst in the fluid bed reactor.
-
new insights into the effect of pressure on catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Fuel Processing Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, Jostein Gabrielsen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Peter Wiwel, Anker Degn JensenAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood has been conducted in a fluid bed reactor at 450 °C with a sulfided CoMo catalyst followed by a fixed bed hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactor with a sulfided NiMo catalyst at hydrogen pressures between 3.0 and 35.8 bar. Using both reactors the condensable organic yield (condensed organic and C4+ in gas) varied between 18.7 and 21.5 wt% dry ash free basis (daf) and was independent of the hydrogen pressure. At 15.9 bar hydrogen or higher the condensed organic phase was essentially oxygen free (
-
catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass using molybdenum sulfide based catalyst effect of promoters
Energy & Fuels, 2019Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Jostein Gabrielsen, Anker Degn Jensen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Lars Pilsgaard Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Soren Birk Rasmussen, Peter Wiwel, Martin HøjAbstract:Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood was conducted in a fluid bed reactor at 450 °C and a total pressure of 26 bar. The differences in hydrodeoxygenation activity, selectivity, and the resulting ...
-
Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Biomass Using Molybdenum Sulfide Based Catalyst. Effect of Promoters
2019Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Jostein Gabrielsen, Anker Degn Jensen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Lars Pilsgaard Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Soren Birk Rasmussen, Peter Wiwel, Martin HøjAbstract:Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood was conducted in a fluid bed reactor at 450 °C and a total pressure of 26 bar. The differences in hydrodeoxygenation activity, selectivity, and the resulting product compositions between sulfided Mo/MgAl2O4, CoMo/MgAl2O4, and NiMo/MgAl2O4 catalysts have been investigated. The acidity and molybdate species in the oxide catalyst precursors were characterized with ammonia temperature programmed desorption and Raman spectroscopy. The spent sulfided catalysts were also extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood produced four kinds of products: Liquid organic and aqueous phases, solid char, and gases. The solid char and aqueous phase yields were not affected by the type of catalyst. The sum of condensed organics and C4+ gas yield varied between 24.3 and 26.4 wt % on dry, ash free basis (daf) and was highest for the Mo catalyst and lowest for the NiMo catalyst. The NiMo catalyst had the highest hydrogenation, cracking, and decarbonylation activity. The oxygen content in the condensed organic phase was between 9.0 and 12 wt % on dry basis (db) and was lowest for the CoMo catalyst and highest for the Mo catalyst. The carbon recovery in the condensable organics was 39% for both the CoMo and the Mo, and 37% for the NiMo catalyst. These results indicate that the CoMo, due to its high deoxygenation activity and high carbon recovery, is the most suitable catalyst for catalytic Hydropyrolysis. The carbon content on the spent CoMo was between 1.5 and 3.3 wt % and between 0.9 and 3.1 wt % on the spent NiMo catalyst, but between 5.0 and 5.5 wt % on the spent Mo catalyst. The higher carbon content on the spent Mo catalyst was probably due to its lower deoxygenation and hydrogenation activity. Calcium particles and small amounts of potassium (≤1.5 wt %) were detected on all spent catalysts using STEM-EDS, showing that alkali metals are transferred from the biomass to the catalyst, which potentially could lead to catalyst deactivation
Magnus Zingler Stummann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a perspective on catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, Jostein Gabrielsen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Lasse Rongaard Clausen, Anker Degn JensenAbstract:Abstract Recent research has shown that catalytic Hydropyrolysis is a promising method for production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, only limited research has been conducted within this field and the process is still not well-understood. Based on the available literature and research in our laboratories we identified the most important reactions and propose a mechanistic model for catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass. The influence of the hydrogenation catalyst on the product distribution and composition as well as deactivation of the catalyst are discussed. Catalytic Hydropyrolysis is compared with other pyrolysis technologies, such as non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis and the challenges for catalytic Hydropyrolysis are highlighted and discussed.
-
effect of the catalyst in fluid bed catalytic Hydropyrolysis
Catalysis Today, 2020Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, Jostein Gabrielsen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Lars Pilsgaard Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Peter Wiwel, Christian Baekhoj Schandel, Anker Degn JensenAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood was conducted in a fluid bed reactor followed by a hydrodeoxygenation reactor with a sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst. In order to evaluate the effect of the catalyst in the fluid bed reactor, six different bed materials were tested. Conducting the Hydropyrolysis using only the catalyst support materials MgAl2O4 or zeolite mixed with Al2O3 (H-ZSM-5-Al2O3) gave a high char and coke yield (18.7–21.1 wt.% dry ash free (daf)), CO and CO2 (18.9 and 20.0 wt.% daf), and low yield of condensed organics and C4+ gasses (17.8–20.4 wt.% daf). Using the supported catalysts CoMo/MgAl2O4 or NiMo/H-ZSM-5-Al2O3 significantly decreased the char yield to between 11.4 and 13.1 wt.% daf, while the condensed organics and C4+ yield increased to 21.5 wt.% daf for the CoMo/MgAl2O4 and 24.0 wt.% daf for the NiMo/H-ZSM-5-Al2O3. As an alternative to the (commercial) supported catalysts, a cheap natural mineral bog iron was tested as catalyst and gave a condensed organics and C4+ yield of 22.8 wt.% daf when pre-sulfiding the bog iron, while the yield was 24.7 wt.% daf when the bog iron was used un-sulfided, but reduced prior to the experiment. This indicates that bog iron is the most suitable catalyst in the fluid bed reactor.
-
new insights into the effect of pressure on catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass
Fuel Processing Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, Jostein Gabrielsen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Peter Wiwel, Anker Degn JensenAbstract:Abstract Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood has been conducted in a fluid bed reactor at 450 °C with a sulfided CoMo catalyst followed by a fixed bed hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactor with a sulfided NiMo catalyst at hydrogen pressures between 3.0 and 35.8 bar. Using both reactors the condensable organic yield (condensed organic and C4+ in gas) varied between 18.7 and 21.5 wt% dry ash free basis (daf) and was independent of the hydrogen pressure. At 15.9 bar hydrogen or higher the condensed organic phase was essentially oxygen free (
-
catalytic Hydropyrolysis of biomass using molybdenum sulfide based catalyst effect of promoters
Energy & Fuels, 2019Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Jostein Gabrielsen, Anker Degn Jensen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Lars Pilsgaard Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Soren Birk Rasmussen, Peter Wiwel, Martin HøjAbstract:Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood was conducted in a fluid bed reactor at 450 °C and a total pressure of 26 bar. The differences in hydrodeoxygenation activity, selectivity, and the resulting ...
-
Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Biomass Using Molybdenum Sulfide Based Catalyst. Effect of Promoters
2019Co-Authors: Magnus Zingler Stummann, Jostein Gabrielsen, Anker Degn Jensen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Asger B Hansen, Lars Pilsgaard Hansen, Bente Davidsen, Soren Birk Rasmussen, Peter Wiwel, Martin HøjAbstract:Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood was conducted in a fluid bed reactor at 450 °C and a total pressure of 26 bar. The differences in hydrodeoxygenation activity, selectivity, and the resulting product compositions between sulfided Mo/MgAl2O4, CoMo/MgAl2O4, and NiMo/MgAl2O4 catalysts have been investigated. The acidity and molybdate species in the oxide catalyst precursors were characterized with ammonia temperature programmed desorption and Raman spectroscopy. The spent sulfided catalysts were also extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The catalytic Hydropyrolysis of beech wood produced four kinds of products: Liquid organic and aqueous phases, solid char, and gases. The solid char and aqueous phase yields were not affected by the type of catalyst. The sum of condensed organics and C4+ gas yield varied between 24.3 and 26.4 wt % on dry, ash free basis (daf) and was highest for the Mo catalyst and lowest for the NiMo catalyst. The NiMo catalyst had the highest hydrogenation, cracking, and decarbonylation activity. The oxygen content in the condensed organic phase was between 9.0 and 12 wt % on dry basis (db) and was lowest for the CoMo catalyst and highest for the Mo catalyst. The carbon recovery in the condensable organics was 39% for both the CoMo and the Mo, and 37% for the NiMo catalyst. These results indicate that the CoMo, due to its high deoxygenation activity and high carbon recovery, is the most suitable catalyst for catalytic Hydropyrolysis. The carbon content on the spent CoMo was between 1.5 and 3.3 wt % and between 0.9 and 3.1 wt % on the spent NiMo catalyst, but between 5.0 and 5.5 wt % on the spent Mo catalyst. The higher carbon content on the spent Mo catalyst was probably due to its lower deoxygenation and hydrogenation activity. Calcium particles and small amounts of potassium (≤1.5 wt %) were detected on all spent catalysts using STEM-EDS, showing that alkali metals are transferred from the biomass to the catalyst, which potentially could lead to catalyst deactivation
