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Lori G Eckhardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of thinning and clear-cut on changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Pinus taeda plantations in central Alabama and Georgia.
Pest Management Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yuan Zeng, Kathryn R. Kidd, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:BACKGROUND: Root-feeding beetles, particularly Hylastes spp., Hylobius pales Herbst and Pachylobius picivorus Germar, increase in abundance in stressed forest stands and vector Grosmannia and Leptographium spp. fungi, which contribute to southern pine decline (SPD) in the southeastern United States. This study examined changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetles in response to mechanical thinning and clear-cut of even-age loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in central Alabama and Georgia every 2 weeks during a 30 month study in 2009-2012. RESULTS: The most abundant bark beetles were Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, H. porculus Erichson and H. tenuis Eichhoff. The relative abundance of the Hylastes spp. significantly increased after thinning treatments at all five sites. An initial decrease in Hylastes spp. occurred in response to clear-cut in some plots, but they typically recovered 2 months later and were stable for the remainder of the study. CONCLUSION: This study reports on the relative abundance responses of pathogen-vectoring root-feeding beetles to a thinning and clear-cut treatment in P. taeda stands. Thinning treatments conducted during the summer and winter may increase the relative abundance of Hylastes spp., vectors of Leptographium and Grosmannia spp., which are known to contribute to SPD by triggering plants to release defensive volatile compounds.
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The effect of thinning and clear-cut on changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Pinus taeda plantations in central Alabama and Georgia.
Pest management science, 2013Co-Authors: Yuan Zeng, Kathryn R. Kidd, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:BACKGROUND Root-feeding beetles, particularly Hylastes spp., Hylobius pales Herbst and Pachylobius picivorus Germar, increase in abundance in stressed forest stands and vector Grosmannia and Leptographium spp. fungi, which contribute to southern pine decline (SPD) in the southeastern United States. This study examined changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetles in response to mechanical thinning and clear-cut of even-age loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in central Alabama and Georgia every 2 weeks during a 30 month study in 2009–2012. RESULTS The most abundant bark beetles were Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, H. porculus Erichson and H. tenuis Eichhoff. The relative abundance of the Hylastes spp. significantly increased after thinning treatments at all five sites. An initial decrease in Hylastes spp. occurred in response to clear-cut in some plots, but they typically recovered 2 months later and were stable for the remainder of the study. CONCLUSION This study reports on the relative abundance responses of pathogen-vectoring root-feeding beetles to a thinning and clear-cut treatment in P. taeda stands. Thinning treatments conducted during the summer and winter may increase the relative abundance of Hylastes spp., vectors of Leptographium and Grosmannia spp., which are known to contribute to SPD by triggering plants to release defensive volatile compounds. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
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Root-Inhabiting Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their Fungal Associates Breeding in Dying Loblolly Pine in Alabama
Florida Entomologist, 2013Co-Authors: George Matusick, Yuan Zeng, Roger D. Menard, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:Root feeding bark beetles in the genus Hylastes Hylastes breeding in loblolly pine across 3 crown (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) commoncondition classes (healthy, dying, dead). Addition ly carry ophiostomatoid fungi (Ophistomatales: ally, the relationship between ophiostomatoid Ophistomataceae)and collectively contribute to species, their Hylastes species vectors, and tree root disorders of Pinus species around the world condition were investigated. (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001). One of the most damLoblolly pine stands across central Alabama aging root disorders is black-stain root disease have experienced high mortality rates, character of conifers in the Western United States, caused ized by scattered stand mortality with a distinct by the fungal species Leptographium wageneri lack of above-ground pests (Brown & McDowell Kendrick and its primary beetle vector H. nig1968). During an investigation of one stand in rinus (Mannerheim) (Witcosky et al. 1986). ReMay 2008 in central Alabama, dying trees were cently, Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff and H. tenuis found to be infested with root-inhabiting beetles Eichhoff have been associated with loblolly pine and their associated ophiostomatoid fungi. Six (Pinus taeda L.) decline (Eckhardt et al. 2007), trees were selected based on crown condition, in which is considered an emerging forest health iseluding 2 with green, healthy crowns (healthy), sue in the southeastern United States (Eckhardt 2 with severely chlorotic and thinning crowns et al. 2010). (dying), and 2 with red crowns (dead). Two pri Loblolly pine decline (LPD) is a tree disease mary lateral roots were randomly selected and complex that is characterized by symptoms that excavated to approximately 3 meters from the include thinning tree crowns, growth reductions root collar. Roots were removed from trees and (Eckhardt et al. 2007) and premature mortality in carefully dissected. All insects, including imma localized areas (Brown and McDowell 1968). Eviture stages, were collected from roots and adult dence suggests the complex is the result of interbeetles were identified to species. Root tissue was acting abiotic (Eckhardt & Menard 2008) and biobtained from each brood gallery for the isolation otic (Eckhardt et al. 2007) stress factors. Hylastes of ophiostomatoid fungal species using methods species vector a variety of root-infecting ophiostodescribed in Eckhardt et al. (2007). Following matoid fungi (Klebzig et al. 1991, 1995; Eckhardt surface sterilization, tissue was placed on CSMA et al. 2007; Zanzot et al. 2010) which are patho(malt extract agar containing 800 mg/L of cyclo genic to loblolly pine (Matusick & Eckhardt 2010; heximide and 200 mg/1 of streptomycin sulfate) Matusick et al. 2011). Hylastes beetles and their selective nutrient agar (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001). associated fungi are thought to collectively contribEach adult insect was also rolled on CSMA to re ute to LPD by causing root damage through fungal cover ophiostomatoid fungi from insect bodies infection and insect feeding (Eckhardt et al. 2007). (Zanzot et al. 2010). Isolated ophiostomatoid fun Root and lower stem feeding beetle species (Colegal species were identified using morphological optera: Curculionidae) includingH. salebrosus and characters and established keys. Unknown iso H. tenuis are found in increased numbers within lates were sequenced and confirmed as new spe LPD-affected stands, compared to healthy stands cies by M. Wingfield (Forestry and Agricultural (Eckhardt et al. 2007, Menard 2007). A recent Biotechnology Institute, Pretoria, South Africa), study has found Hylastes to be the most common A total of 157 adult beetles (Coleoptera: Cur bark beetle genus observed in loblolly pine stands culionidae) were collected from roots, most from in central Alabama (Thompson 2011), illustrating dying trees (Table 1). A majority of the beetles col their dominance in this ecosystem. Despite their lected were Hylastes species, including a total of dominance and potential for damage in loblolly 113 H. salebrosus (all from dying trees) and 34 pine, the breeding behavior of Hylastes species in H. tenuis (31 from dying and 3 from dead trees), the southeastern United States is not well underIn addition, H. salebrosus larvae and pupae were stood. In the current study, observational methcollected from dying trees. Other adult insect spe ods were used to investigate the potential for cies collected include the black turpentine beetle
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Ecology of root-feeding beetles and their associated fungi on longleaf pine in Georgia.
Environmental Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: James W Zanzot, George Matusick, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:ABSTRACT Root-feeding beetles, particularly of the curculionid subfamilies Scolytinae and Molytinae, are known to be effective vectors of Ophiostomatoid fungi. Infestation by these insects and subsequent infection by the Ophiostomatoid fungi may play an important role in accelerating symptom progression in pine declines. To examine the relationship between beetles and fungi in longleaf pine stands, root-feeding curculionids were collected in pitfall traps baited with ethanol and turpentine for 62 wk, and Ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from their body surfaces. The most abundant root-feeding beetles captured were Hylastes tenuis, H. salebrosus, Pachyhbius picivorus, Hylobius pales, and Dendroctonus terebrans. The number of insects captured peaked in spring and fall, although peaks for different insect taxa did not coincide. The most frequently isolated fungi were Grosmannia huntii, Leptographium procerum, L. terebrantis, and L. serpens. Other Ophiostomatoid fungi recovered included Ophiostoma spp. and ...
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Ecology of root-feeding beetles and their associated fungi on longleaf pine in Georgia.
Environmental entomology, 2010Co-Authors: James W Zanzot, George Matusick, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:Root-feeding beetles, particularly of the curculionid subfamilies Scolytinae and Molytinae, are known to be effective vectors of Ophiostomatoid fungi. Infestation by these insects and subsequent infection by the Ophiostomatoid fungi may play an important role in accelerating symptom progression in pine declines. To examine the relationship between beetles and fungi in longleaf pine stands, root-feeding curculionids were collected in pitfall traps baited with ethanol and turpentine for 62 wk, and Ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from their body surfaces. The most abundant root-feeding beetles captured were Hylastes tenuis, H. salebrosus, Pachylobius picivorus, Hylobius pales, and Dendroctonus terebrans. The number of insects captured peaked in spring and fall, although peaks for different insect taxa did not coincide. The most frequently isolated fungi were Grosmannia huntii, Leptographium procerum, L. terebrantis, and L. serpens. Other Ophiostomatoid fungi recovered included Ophiostoma spp. and Pesotum spp. Insect infestation data suggest that Hylastes spp. share an ecological niche, as do Hb. pales and P. picivorus, because the ratios of their fungal symbionts were similar. The fungi associated with D. terebrans suggest that it did not share habitat with the other principle vectors.
Daniel R Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Ethanol and α-Pinene in a Generic Trap Lure Blend for Pine Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern United States
Journal of Entomological Science, 2020Co-Authors: Daniel R MillerAbstract:Abstract Managers of detection programs for bark and wood-boring beetles require cost-effective trap lure combinations that maximize species detections. A trapping study was conducted in 2012 to determine the effects of ethanol and α-pinene lures on beetle catches in traps baited with ipsenol and ipsdienol lures in a stand of Pinus taeda L. in north-central Georgia. Traps with all four compounds worked well for 20 of 25 species of bark and wood-boring beetles, and associated predators. Catches of Acanthocinus obsoletus (LeConte) and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae), Hylastes porculus Erichson, Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, Hylobius pales (Herbst), Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Cleridae), and Temnoscheila virescens (F.) (Trogossitidae) in baited traps increased with the addition of ethanol and α-pinene with maximum catches in traps baited with all four compounds. Catches of Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae) decreased with the addition of both compounds; the lowest numbers of I. avulsus and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) were caught in traps baited with all four compounds. α-Pinene increased catches of Buprestis lineata F. (Buprestidae), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Pachylobius picivorus (Germar) (Curculionidae), Corticeus spp. (Tenebrionidae), Lasconotus spp., and Pycnomerus sulcicollis LeConte (Zopheridae); ethanol had no effect on these species. Ethanol increased trap catches of Curius dentatus Newman (Cerambycidae), Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama) (Curculionidae) and Platysoma spp. (Histeridae); α-pinene reduced catches. The data suggest that ethanol and α-pinene should be retained with ipsenol and ipsdienol as a generic trap lure blend for pine bark and wood-boring beetles in southeastern United States.
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Relative Performance of Lindgren Multiple-Funnel, Intercept Panel, and Colossus Pipe Traps in Catching Cerambycidae and Associated Species in the Southeastern United States
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Christopher M. CroweAbstract:In 2004, we evaluated the relative performance of 8-unit Lindgren multiple-funnel (funnel), Intercept panel (panel), and Colossus pipe (pipe) traps, baited with ethanol and α-pinene lures, in catching saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in pine stands in northern Florida and western South Carolina. Panel traps were as good as, if not better than, funnel and pipe traps for catching Cerambycidae. In particular, more Monochamus titillator (F.) were captured in panel traps than in pipe and funnel traps. Of three species of Buprestidae captured in our study, most Buprestis lineata F. were caught in panel traps, whereas most Acmaeodera tubulus (F.) were caught in funnel traps. Catches of Chalcophora virginiensis Drury and the root-feeding weevils Hylobius pales Herbst and Pachylobius picivorus LeConte (Curculionidae) were unaffected by trap type. Among bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), catches of Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) were unaffected by trap type, whereas most Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) were caught in panel traps, most Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff were caught in panel and pipe traps, and most Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff were caught in funnel traps. Among ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), panel traps caught the most Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg), whereas pipe traps caught the most Xyleborus Eichhoff spp. More Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Dryoxylon onoharaensis (Murayama) were caught in panel and funnel traps than in pipe traps. Among bark beetle predators, more Platysoma Leach spp. (Histeridae) were caught in pipe and panel traps than in funnel traps, whereas most Lasconotus Erichson spp. (Zopheridae) were caught in funnel traps. Variation among trap performance for various species suggests that managers should consider more than one type of trap in their detection programs.
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Robert J. RabagliaAbstract:In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles ( Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus , Anisandrus sayi , Dryoxylon onoharaensum , Monarthrum mali , Xyleborinus saxesenii , Xyleborus affinis , Xyleborus ferrugineus , Xylosandrus compactus , Xylosandrus crassiusculus , and Xylosandrus germanus ) and two species of bark beetles ( Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species ( Dendroctonus terebrans , Hylastes porculus , Hylastes salebrosus , Hylastes tenuis , and Ips grandicollis ) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species ( Myoplatypus flavicornis ). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species ( Xyleborus pubescens , H . porculus , H . salebrosus , H . tenuis , and Pityophthorus cariniceps ) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D . onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.
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ethanol and α pinene attractant kairomones for bark and ambrosia beetles in the southeastern us
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Robert J. RabagliaAbstract:In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.
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Cross-Attraction between an Exotic and a Native Pine Bark Beetle: A Novel Invasion Mechanism?.
PloS one, 2007Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Jianghua SunAbstract:Aside from the ecological impacts, invasive species fascinate ecologists because of the unique opportunities that invasives offer in the study of community ecology. Some hypotheses have been proposed to illustrate the mechanisms that allow exotics to become invasive. However, positive interactions between exotic and native insects are rarely utilized to explain invasiveness of pests. Methodology/Principal Findings. Here, we present information on a recently formed association between a native and an exotic bark beetle on their shared host, Pinus tabuliformis, in China. In field examinations, we found that 35–40% of P. tabuliformis attacked by an exotic bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, were also attacked by a native pine bark beetle, Hylastes parallelus. In the laboratory, we found that the antennal and walking responses of H. parallelus to host- and beetle-produced compounds were similar to those of the exotic D. valens in China.
Yuan Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of thinning and clear-cut on changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Pinus taeda plantations in central Alabama and Georgia.
Pest Management Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yuan Zeng, Kathryn R. Kidd, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:BACKGROUND: Root-feeding beetles, particularly Hylastes spp., Hylobius pales Herbst and Pachylobius picivorus Germar, increase in abundance in stressed forest stands and vector Grosmannia and Leptographium spp. fungi, which contribute to southern pine decline (SPD) in the southeastern United States. This study examined changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetles in response to mechanical thinning and clear-cut of even-age loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in central Alabama and Georgia every 2 weeks during a 30 month study in 2009-2012. RESULTS: The most abundant bark beetles were Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, H. porculus Erichson and H. tenuis Eichhoff. The relative abundance of the Hylastes spp. significantly increased after thinning treatments at all five sites. An initial decrease in Hylastes spp. occurred in response to clear-cut in some plots, but they typically recovered 2 months later and were stable for the remainder of the study. CONCLUSION: This study reports on the relative abundance responses of pathogen-vectoring root-feeding beetles to a thinning and clear-cut treatment in P. taeda stands. Thinning treatments conducted during the summer and winter may increase the relative abundance of Hylastes spp., vectors of Leptographium and Grosmannia spp., which are known to contribute to SPD by triggering plants to release defensive volatile compounds.
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The effect of thinning and clear-cut on changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Pinus taeda plantations in central Alabama and Georgia.
Pest management science, 2013Co-Authors: Yuan Zeng, Kathryn R. Kidd, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:BACKGROUND Root-feeding beetles, particularly Hylastes spp., Hylobius pales Herbst and Pachylobius picivorus Germar, increase in abundance in stressed forest stands and vector Grosmannia and Leptographium spp. fungi, which contribute to southern pine decline (SPD) in the southeastern United States. This study examined changes in the relative abundance of root-feeding beetles in response to mechanical thinning and clear-cut of even-age loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in central Alabama and Georgia every 2 weeks during a 30 month study in 2009–2012. RESULTS The most abundant bark beetles were Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, H. porculus Erichson and H. tenuis Eichhoff. The relative abundance of the Hylastes spp. significantly increased after thinning treatments at all five sites. An initial decrease in Hylastes spp. occurred in response to clear-cut in some plots, but they typically recovered 2 months later and were stable for the remainder of the study. CONCLUSION This study reports on the relative abundance responses of pathogen-vectoring root-feeding beetles to a thinning and clear-cut treatment in P. taeda stands. Thinning treatments conducted during the summer and winter may increase the relative abundance of Hylastes spp., vectors of Leptographium and Grosmannia spp., which are known to contribute to SPD by triggering plants to release defensive volatile compounds. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
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Root-Inhabiting Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their Fungal Associates Breeding in Dying Loblolly Pine in Alabama
Florida Entomologist, 2013Co-Authors: George Matusick, Yuan Zeng, Roger D. Menard, Lori G EckhardtAbstract:Root feeding bark beetles in the genus Hylastes Hylastes breeding in loblolly pine across 3 crown (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) commoncondition classes (healthy, dying, dead). Addition ly carry ophiostomatoid fungi (Ophistomatales: ally, the relationship between ophiostomatoid Ophistomataceae)and collectively contribute to species, their Hylastes species vectors, and tree root disorders of Pinus species around the world condition were investigated. (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001). One of the most damLoblolly pine stands across central Alabama aging root disorders is black-stain root disease have experienced high mortality rates, character of conifers in the Western United States, caused ized by scattered stand mortality with a distinct by the fungal species Leptographium wageneri lack of above-ground pests (Brown & McDowell Kendrick and its primary beetle vector H. nig1968). During an investigation of one stand in rinus (Mannerheim) (Witcosky et al. 1986). ReMay 2008 in central Alabama, dying trees were cently, Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff and H. tenuis found to be infested with root-inhabiting beetles Eichhoff have been associated with loblolly pine and their associated ophiostomatoid fungi. Six (Pinus taeda L.) decline (Eckhardt et al. 2007), trees were selected based on crown condition, in which is considered an emerging forest health iseluding 2 with green, healthy crowns (healthy), sue in the southeastern United States (Eckhardt 2 with severely chlorotic and thinning crowns et al. 2010). (dying), and 2 with red crowns (dead). Two pri Loblolly pine decline (LPD) is a tree disease mary lateral roots were randomly selected and complex that is characterized by symptoms that excavated to approximately 3 meters from the include thinning tree crowns, growth reductions root collar. Roots were removed from trees and (Eckhardt et al. 2007) and premature mortality in carefully dissected. All insects, including imma localized areas (Brown and McDowell 1968). Eviture stages, were collected from roots and adult dence suggests the complex is the result of interbeetles were identified to species. Root tissue was acting abiotic (Eckhardt & Menard 2008) and biobtained from each brood gallery for the isolation otic (Eckhardt et al. 2007) stress factors. Hylastes of ophiostomatoid fungal species using methods species vector a variety of root-infecting ophiostodescribed in Eckhardt et al. (2007). Following matoid fungi (Klebzig et al. 1991, 1995; Eckhardt surface sterilization, tissue was placed on CSMA et al. 2007; Zanzot et al. 2010) which are patho(malt extract agar containing 800 mg/L of cyclo genic to loblolly pine (Matusick & Eckhardt 2010; heximide and 200 mg/1 of streptomycin sulfate) Matusick et al. 2011). Hylastes beetles and their selective nutrient agar (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001). associated fungi are thought to collectively contribEach adult insect was also rolled on CSMA to re ute to LPD by causing root damage through fungal cover ophiostomatoid fungi from insect bodies infection and insect feeding (Eckhardt et al. 2007). (Zanzot et al. 2010). Isolated ophiostomatoid fun Root and lower stem feeding beetle species (Colegal species were identified using morphological optera: Curculionidae) includingH. salebrosus and characters and established keys. Unknown iso H. tenuis are found in increased numbers within lates were sequenced and confirmed as new spe LPD-affected stands, compared to healthy stands cies by M. Wingfield (Forestry and Agricultural (Eckhardt et al. 2007, Menard 2007). A recent Biotechnology Institute, Pretoria, South Africa), study has found Hylastes to be the most common A total of 157 adult beetles (Coleoptera: Cur bark beetle genus observed in loblolly pine stands culionidae) were collected from roots, most from in central Alabama (Thompson 2011), illustrating dying trees (Table 1). A majority of the beetles col their dominance in this ecosystem. Despite their lected were Hylastes species, including a total of dominance and potential for damage in loblolly 113 H. salebrosus (all from dying trees) and 34 pine, the breeding behavior of Hylastes species in H. tenuis (31 from dying and 3 from dead trees), the southeastern United States is not well underIn addition, H. salebrosus larvae and pupae were stood. In the current study, observational methcollected from dying trees. Other adult insect spe ods were used to investigate the potential for cies collected include the black turpentine beetle
Robert J. Rabaglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Robert J. RabagliaAbstract:In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles ( Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus , Anisandrus sayi , Dryoxylon onoharaensum , Monarthrum mali , Xyleborinus saxesenii , Xyleborus affinis , Xyleborus ferrugineus , Xylosandrus compactus , Xylosandrus crassiusculus , and Xylosandrus germanus ) and two species of bark beetles ( Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species ( Dendroctonus terebrans , Hylastes porculus , Hylastes salebrosus , Hylastes tenuis , and Ips grandicollis ) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species ( Myoplatypus flavicornis ). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species ( Xyleborus pubescens , H . porculus , H . salebrosus , H . tenuis , and Pityophthorus cariniceps ) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D . onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.
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ethanol and α pinene attractant kairomones for bark and ambrosia beetles in the southeastern us
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel R Miller, Robert J. RabagliaAbstract:In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.
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NEW RECORDS OF SCOLYTIDAE AND PLATYPODIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM THE UNITED STATES AND THE BAHAMAS1
1991Co-Authors: Thomas H. Atkinson, Robert J. Rabaglia, Stewart B. Peck, John L. FoltzAbstract:Chramesus varius Wood, Pseudothysanoes securigerus (Blackman), Coccotrypes robustus Eichhoff, C. vulgaris (Eggers), Theoborus solitariceps (Schedl), and Araptus dentifrons Wood are reported from the United States for the first time. Chaetophloeus insularis (Blackman), Scolytodes schwarzi (Hopkins), Xyleborus pubescens (Zimmermann), Pityoborus comatus (Zimmermann), Corthylus spinifer Schwarz, and Pityophthorus annectens LeConte are reported from the Bahamas for the first time. New state records from the United States are presented for species in Ambrosiodmus, Araptus, Carphoborus, Chaetophloeus, Chramesus, Cnesinus, Coccotrypes, Corthylus, Crypturgus, Dendrocranulus, Dryocoetes, Gnathotrichus, Hylastinus, Hylastes, Hylesinus, Hylocurus, Hylurgops, Hypothenemus, Ips, Lymantor, Monarthrum, Phloeotribus, Phloeosinus, Pityoborus, Pityogenes, Pityophthorus, Platypus, Pseudopityophthorus, Pseudothysanoes,
G. D. Tribe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phenology of Pinus radiata log colonization by the red-haired pine bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in the south-western Cape Province
Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1991Co-Authors: G. D. TribeAbstract:Hylurgus ligniperda is a minor pest of pine trees in South Africa. Weekly log trapping over five years showed that the activity peak, which accounted for 37% of the total number of beetles captured, occurred in April/May. Although beetles were present in every month, H. ligniperda is active mainly in the cooler months with lowest numbers captured in summer. Comparisons between the three exotic scolytid pine bark beetles present in South Africa, (H. ligniperda, Orthotomicus erosus & Hylastes angustatus) showed that their population peaks are temporally separated. H. ligniperda may thus be of value as a bridging host for introduced biological control agents for the other two species.
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Phenology of Three Exotic Pine Bark Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Colonising Pinus radiata Logs in the South-western Cape Province
South African Forestry Journal, 1991Co-Authors: G. D. TribeAbstract:SYNOPSIS Orthotomicus erosus (Woll.), Hylastes angustatus (Herbst) and Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) are exotic bark beetle pests of pine plantations in South Africa. Results from weekly trapping of adult beetles over a period of five years in the south-western Cape Province showed that the different species have activity peaks at different times of the year. H. angustatus is the most consistent with 95% of the beetles trapped in September and October. The O. erosus activity peak was more variable but always occurred in the summer months (October to February) when 84% of the beetles were captured. H. ligniperda was the most variable, being found in every month of the year, although an autumn peak representing 37 % of the beetles occurred in April/May. The period of lowest beetle activity was in midwinter. The use of this information in the formulation of control measures is discussed.
