The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard A. Haack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Suitability of some southern and western pines as hosts for the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: T. Eager, Mark J. Dalusky, D. G. Nielsen, J. W. Brewer, S. J. Hilty, C. Wayne Berisford, Richard A. HaackAbstract:Abstract The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest that has become established in North America. Discovered in Ohio in 1992, it has since been found in at least 13 states and parts of Canada. The beetle can cause significant growth loss in pines, and it represents a potential threat to trees in areas where it has not yet become established. To evaluate this threat to native pines, field and laboratory tests were conducted on several common and important southern and western species to determine whether they are acceptable hosts for T. piniperda. Comparisons with Pinus sylvestris L., Scots pine, a preferred natural host for the beetle, were made where possible. Measurements of beetle attack success on southern pine billets showed that Pinus taeda L., Pinus echinata Miller, Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelmann, Pinus palustris Miller, and Pinus virginiana Miller (loblolly, shortleaf, slash, longleaf, and Virginia pine, respectively) and two western pines, Pinus ponderosa Lawson an...
-
suitability of some southern and western pines as hosts for the pine shoot beetle tomicus piniperda coleoptera scolytidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: T. Eager, Mark J. Dalusky, D. G. Nielsen, J. W. Brewer, S. J. Hilty, C. Wayne Berisford, Richard A. HaackAbstract:The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest that has become established in North America. Discovered in Ohio in 1992, it has since been found in at least 13 states and parts of Canada. The beetle can cause significant growth loss in pines, and it represents a potential threat to trees in areas where it has not yet become established. To evaluate this threat to native pines, field and laboratory tests were conducted on several common and important southern and western species to determine whether they are acceptable hosts for T. piniperda. Comparisons with Pinus sylvestris L., Scots pine, a preferred natural host for the beetle, were made where possible. Measurements of beetle attack success on southern pine billets showed that Pinus taeda L., Pinus echinata Miller, Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelmann, Pinus palustris Miller, and Pinus virginiana Miller (loblolly, shortleaf, slash, longleaf, and Virginia pine, respectively) and two western pines, Pinus ponderosa Lawson and Pinus contorta Douglas (ponderosa and lodgepole pine, respectively), were acceptable for breeding material, but brood production was highly variable. Among the southern pines, P. taeda and P. echinata were susceptible to shoot feeding by T. piniperda, whereas P. elliottii was highly resistant and P. palustris seemed to be virtually immune. Shoot feeding tests on the western pines were conducted only in the laboratory, but there was moderate-to-good survival of adults feeding on both species. It seems that if T. piniperda is introduced into the south and west it will likely establish and may cause some damage to native pines. P. taeda may be affected more than other southern pines because it is the most abundant species, it is readily attacked for brood production, which can result in moderately large broods, and the beetle survives well during maturation feeding on P. taeda shoots.
Jeremy D Allison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of sirex noctilio f
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Laurel J Haavik, Kevin J. Dodds, Jeremy D AllisonAbstract:The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., is a pest of pines in many areas around the world. Since its introduction to North America, the distribution of S. noctilio overlaps with a known host (Pinus sylvestris) and hosts native to North America. Direct comparisons of suitability for oviposition and larval survival among these pines have not been made. We tested the relative suitability of four common pine species in northeastern North America (P. sylvestris, P. resinosa, P. banksiana, and P. strobus) as hosts for S. noctilio in a controlled, but in situ experiment. In a mixed pine forest in northern Ontario, we caged S. noctilio mating pairs on 10 freshly cut pine logs of each species, and estimated oviposition, counted adult S. noctilio (F1 generation) that emerged from logs, and calculated survivorship from egg to adult. Pinus sylvestris and P. resinosa were optimal hosts according to all three metrics of S. noctilio performance. Pinus strobus was a suitable larval host, but was not perceived as such by females, as evidenced by lower oviposition. Pinus banksiana was perceived as a suitable host by females, but was the least suitable larval host. Our results suggest that P. sylvestris and P. resinosa are more suitable hosts, at least in cut logs, than P. strobus and P. banksiana for S. noctilio in eastern North America.
David B. Neale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparative mapping in Pinus: sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2010Co-Authors: Kathleen D. Jermstad, Andrew J. Eckert, Jill L. Wegrzyn, Annette Delfino-mix, Dean A. Davis, Deems Burton, David B. NealeAbstract:The majority of genomic research in conifers has been conducted in the Pinus subgenus Pinus mostly due to the high economic importance of the species within this taxon. Genetic maps have been constructed for several of these pines and comparative mapping analyses have consistently revealed notable synteny. In contrast, little genomic research has been conducted on the Pinus subgenus Strobus, even though these pines have strong ecological relevance. We report a consensus genetic linkage map for sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) constructed with 399 single nucleotide polymorphisms markers derived from annotated genes. The map is 1,231 cM in length and organized into 19 linkage groups. Two of the mapping populations were derived from trees that were segregating for the major gene of resistance (Cr1) to Cronartium ribicola, the fungal pathogen responsible for white pine blister rust. The third mapping population was derived from a full-sib cross segregating for partial resistance to white pine blister rust. In addition, we report the first comparative mapping study between subgenera Strobus and Pinus. Sixty mapped markers were found in common between sugar pine and the loblolly pine reference map with 56 of them (93%) showing collinearity. All 19 linkage groups of the sugar pine consensus map coaligned to the 12 linkage groups of the loblolly pine reference map. The syntenic relationship observed between these two clades of pines provides a foundation for advancing genomic research and genetic resources in subgenus Strobus.
Barbara J. Bentz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
defense traits in the long lived great basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle
New Phytologist, 2017Co-Authors: Barbara J. Bentz, Matthew E Hansen, Sharon M Hood, James C Vandygriff, Karen E. MockAbstract:Summary Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently observed in high-elevation forests of the Great Basin (GB) region, North America. Defense and susceptibility in two long-lived species, GB bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), are unclear, although they are sympatric with a common MPB host, limber pine (P. flexilis). We surveyed stands with sympatric GB bristlecone–limber pine and foxtail–limber pine to determine relative MPB attack susceptibility and constitutive defenses. MPB-caused mortality was extensive in limber, low in foxtail and absent in GB bristlecone pine. Defense traits, including constitutive monoterpenes, resin ducts and wood density, were higher in GB bristlecone and foxtail than in limber pine. GB bristlecone and foxtail pines have relatively high levels of constitutive defenses which make them less vulnerable to climate-driven MPB range expansion relative to other high-elevation pines. Long-term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree longevity are potential explanations, highlighting the complexity of predicting plant–insect interactions under climate change.
-
mountain pine beetle dynamics and reproductive success in post fire lodgepole and ponderosa pine forests in northeastern utah
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Andrew P Lerch, Jesse A Pfammatter, Barbara J. Bentz, Kenneth F RaffaAbstract:Fire injury can increase tree susceptibility to some bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae), but whether wildfires can trigger outbreaks of species such as mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is not well understood. We monitored 1173 lodgepole (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Doug.) and 599 ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Law) pines for three years post-wildfire in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah in an area with locally endemic mountain pine beetle. We examined how the degree and type of fire injury influenced beetle attacks, brood production, and subsequent tree mortality, and related these to beetle population changes over time. Mountain pine beetle population levels were high the first two post-fire years in lodgepole pine, and then declined. In ponderosa pine, populations declined each year after initial post-fire sampling. Compared to trees with strip or failed attacks, mass attacks occurred on trees with greater fire injury, in both species. Overall, a higher degree of damage to crowns and boles was associated with higher attack rates in ponderosa pines, but additional injury was more likely to decrease attack rates in lodgepole pines. In lodgepole pine, attacks were initially concentrated on fire-injured trees, but during subsequent years beetles attacked substantial numbers of uninjured trees. In ponderosa pine, attacks were primarily on injured trees each year, although these stands were more heavily burned and had few uninjured trees. In total, 46% of all lodgepole and 56% of ponderosa pines underwent some degree of attack. Adult brood emergence within caged bole sections decreased with increasing bole char in lodgepole pine but increased in ponderosa pine, however these relationships did not scale to whole trees. Mountain pine beetle populations in both tree species four years post-fire were substantially lower than the year after fire, and wildfire did not result in population outbreaks.
-
Defense traits in the long‐lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle
New Phytologist, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara J. Bentz, James C Vandygriff, Sharon M Hood, E. Matthew Hansen, Karen E. MockAbstract:Summary Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently observed in high-elevation forests of the Great Basin (GB) region, North America. Defense and susceptibility in two long-lived species, GB bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), are unclear, although they are sympatric with a common MPB host, limber pine (P. flexilis). We surveyed stands with sympatric GB bristlecone–limber pine and foxtail–limber pine to determine relative MPB attack susceptibility and constitutive defenses. MPB-caused mortality was extensive in limber, low in foxtail and absent in GB bristlecone pine. Defense traits, including constitutive monoterpenes, resin ducts and wood density, were higher in GB bristlecone and foxtail than in limber pine. GB bristlecone and foxtail pines have relatively high levels of constitutive defenses which make them less vulnerable to climate-driven MPB range expansion relative to other high-elevation pines. Long-term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree longevity are potential explanations, highlighting the complexity of predicting plant–insect interactions under climate change.
-
tree response and mountain pine beetle attack preference reproduction and emergence timing in mixed whitebark and lodgepole pine stands
Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2015Co-Authors: Barbara J. Bentz, Celia K Boone, Kenneth F RaffaAbstract:Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is an important disturbance agent in Pinus ecosystems of western North America, historically causing significant tree mortality. Most recorded outbreaks have occurred in mid elevation lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). In warm years, tree mortality also occurs at higher elevations in mixed species stands. Mountain pine beetle's relative preference for and performance in Pinus species that either commonly or less frequently encounter this insect has received little direct testing. Further, knowledge of the relative proportions of secondary compounds, which can differ among Pinus species and play important roles in attack rates and outcomes, is important to understanding host suitability. We monitored mountain pine beetle attacks, adult emergence timing and reproductive capacity in lodgepole and whitebark (Pinus albicaulis) pines growing in mixed stands at relatively high elevation. Phloem monoterpene chemistry of trees prior to and during attack was compared within and between species. Although beetles attacked lodgepole pine more frequently, lodgepole pines also resisted attacks more frequently. Overall, there were equal numbers of lethal attacks between species. Brood production and adult emergence timing did not differ between tree species. The relative composition of secondary compounds differed by tree species, although both species contained compounds that affect mountain pine beetle attack and reproductive success.
Tami Rahkola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Breeding Efforts with Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.)for Resistance to Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola)
2015Co-Authors: Tami RahkolaAbstract:Eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., is native to North America, and is susceptible to attack by the blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer in Rabenhorst, a fungus native to Asia. The pines in Eurasia have some resistance to this fungus through constant exposure, and the ensuing molecular arms race. The pines in North America descended separately from their Eurasian relatives, and do not possess the same resistance. In the early 20th century, some North American pines were found growing amongst infected neighbors. These trees and their clones have since been used for both molecular investigations, and intraspecific breeding programs in the search for natural resistance. When intraspecific programs proved less than successful in other countries, they turned to interspecific efforts. These programs have had success with crossing eastern white pine to the Himalayan blue pine, to increase resistance, while also maintaining the growth characteristics of eastern white pine.
-
Pinus strobus L.)for Resistance to Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola)
2015Co-Authors: Tami RahkolaAbstract:Eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., is native to North America, and is susceptible to attack by the blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer in Rabenhorst, a fungus native to Asia. The pines in Eurasia have some resistance to this fungus through constant exposure, and the ensuing molecular arms race. The pines in North America descended separately from their Eurasian relatives, and do not possess the same resistance. In the early 20th century, some North American pines were found growing amongst infected neighbors. These trees and their clones have since been used for both molecular investigations, and intraspecific breeding programs in the search for natural resistance. When intraspecific programs proved less than successful in other countries, they turned to interspecific efforts. These programs have had success with crossing eastern white pine to the Himalayan blue pine, to increase resistance, while also maintaining the growth characteristics of eastern white pine.
