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David E. Millard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Games/Hypertext
Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, 2020Co-Authors: David E. MillardAbstract:The relationship between Hypertext research and games design is not clear, despite the striking similarity between literary Hypertexts and narrative games. This matters as different communities are now exploring Hypertext, interactive fiction, electronic literature, and narrative games from different perspectives - but lack a common critical vocabulary or shared body of work with which they can communicate. In this paper I attempt to deconstruct the relationship between literary Hypertext and narrative games. I do this through two lenses. Firstly, by looking at Hypertext as Games; with a specific set of mechanics based around textual lexia and link-following (but with a tradition of exploring alternative Strange Hypertext approaches) resulting in a dynamic of exploration and puzzle solving depending on whether agency is expressed at the level of Syuzhet or Fabula. Secondly, by looking at Games as Hypertexts; that depend heavily on textual content, use guard fields, patterns, and sculptural Hypertext models to manage agency, that experiment with aporia and epiphany, and that take place within a wider interlinked transmedia experience. This analysis reveals that Narrative Games are both more and less than Hypertext, with a wider set of mechanics and interfaces, but possessed of a core Hypertextuality and situated within a greater Hypertext context. This suggests that there is much value to be gained from interactions between the communities invested in interactive narrative, and significant potential in the cross-pollination of ideas.
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Weerkat: An extensible semantic Wiki
2006Co-Authors: Philip Boulain, David E. Millard, Marlon Parker, Gary WillsAbstract:Wikis are Web applications that blur the boundaries between readers and authors, allowing non-technical people to author Hypertexts through a web interface. A Semantic Wiki is a Wiki that attempts the same thing with the Semantic Web, allowing non-technical users to create semantic resources and/or ontologies. In this paper we characterise the different ways in which a Wiki might support the Semantic Web and present Weerkat, a modular and extensible Wiki that has ontological Hypertext support. Key to this has been the design and development of a highly flexible Wiki architecture which allows easy modification and augmentation of functionality.
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Hypertext - On writing sculptural Hypertext
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '02, 2002Co-Authors: Mark Bernstein, David E. Millard, Mark J. WealAbstract:Sculptural Hypertext is proposed as an alternative domain for Hypertext writing, proceeding chiefly by the removal of links rather than by adding links to an initially unlinked text. Relatively little is known about authoring sculptural Hypertexts. This paper examines some issues that arise in the course of composing sculptural Hypertexts and proposes tools which might help support such designs.
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Hypertext - Chain saws for sculptural Hypertext
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '02, 2002Co-Authors: Jim Rosenberg, David E. Millard, Mark Bernstein, Catherine C. Marshall, Paul De Bra, Frank M. ShipmanAbstract:The term "Sculptural Hypertext", coined by Mark Bernstein in his Hypertext '01 paper "Card Shark and Thespis," refers to a style of writing Hypertext where the document author starts with a massively connected structure, and the task of authoring links consists of cutting away those links that are not wanted, much as someone sculpting in stone in the traditional way starts with a block of stone and forms an image by cutting away the "excess" material. The opposing term, "Calligraphic Hypertext," refers to the more familiar method of finely authoring each link. This panel seeks to address questions pertaining to authorship and tools for the sculptural approach to Hypertext. Among the questions we want to address are: How does one write a sculptural Hypertext? How does this concept scale - or is it only suited to small works? What differences are there for the reader of a sculptural Hypertext vs. a calligraphic Hypertext? How does the "subtractive" concept work with other models of Hypertext than the node-link model, e.g. spatial Hypertext? What are the differences in requirements for tool designers of sculptural vs. calligraphic Hypertext systems.
Mark Bernstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reading Hypertext
2009Co-Authors: Mark Bernstein, Diane GrecoAbstract:The future of serious writing will lie on the screen. We will read, for reading is indispensable, but we will be less closely tied to the book, to paper and ink. The chief innovation of electronic writing is the link the connection between pages that makes the Web possible and that has already transformed the way we read. For twenty years, fine writers have worked to explore the possibilities of the link, to come to grips with the most important new punctuation since the comma. Many of our finest critics have studied Hypertext, especially such classics as Michael Joyce s afternoon and Shelley Jackson's Patchwork Girl. In Reading Hypertext, Mark Bernstein and Diane Greco have selected the best and most important studies of Hypertext reading and criticism, drawn from disciplines ranging from philosophy and classical philology to film theory and technocriticism. These indispensable studies reveal how much we now understand about the reading Hypertext, and point the way for important new work. Table Of Contents 1. Into The Weeds Mark Bernstein 2. Why Are We Still Talking Like This? Diane Greco 3. La Maison Hypertext Charles A. Perfetti 4. Piecing Together And Tearing Apart: Finding The Story In Afternoon Jill Walker 5. A Cognitive Model N. J. Lowe 6. How Do I Stop This Thing? Closure And Indeterminacy In Interactive Narrative J. Yellowlees Douglas 7. Reconfiguring Writing George P. Landow 8. The Lyrical Quality Of Links Susana Pajares Tosca 9. A Pragmatics Of Links Susana Pajares Tosca 10. Stitching Together Narrative, Sexuality, Self: Shelley Jackson s Patchwork Girl George P. Landow 11. These Waves Of Bugs Anja Rau 12. Cinematic Paradigms For Hypertext Adrian Miles 13. Nonce Upon Some Times: Rereading Hypertext Fiction Michael Joyce 14. Returning In Twilight: Joyce s Twilight, A Symphony Dave Ciccoricco 15. Hypertext Structure Under Pressure David Kolb 16. Reading Spatial Hypertext Catherine C. Marshall 17. Hypertext Teaching Adrian Miles 18. Hypertext With Consequences: Recovering A Politics Of Hypertext Diane Greco 19. What The Geeks Know: Hypertext And The Problem Of Literacy Stuart Moulthrop
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Hypertext - On Hypertext narrative
Proceedings of the 20th ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HT '09, 2009Co-Authors: Mark BernsteinAbstract:Annals and chronicles may be the foundation of accounting, but writers of stories and histories have long known that they seldom render a satisfactory account of complex events. In place of a simple chronological list, narrative instead organizes our account in new sequences in order to illuminate the interplay of actors and events. We want Hypertext narrative to do things we cannot achieve in print; though we may occasionally use links to introduce variation in presentation or in story; it is now clear that Hypertext will most frequently prove useful in changing (or adapting) plot. After discussing the ways in which plot may be varied, I describe the use of stretchtext as a reaction against the perceived incoherence of classic Hypertext narrative, demonstrate the limitations that conventional stretchtext necessarily imposes on Hypertext narrative, and describe an implemented generalization of stretchtext that matches the expressive and formal capabilities of classical Hypertext systems while appearing to be a mere stretchtext and while running within the confines of a Web browser.
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Hypertext - On writing sculptural Hypertext
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '02, 2002Co-Authors: Mark Bernstein, David E. Millard, Mark J. WealAbstract:Sculptural Hypertext is proposed as an alternative domain for Hypertext writing, proceeding chiefly by the removal of links rather than by adding links to an initially unlinked text. Relatively little is known about authoring sculptural Hypertexts. This paper examines some issues that arise in the course of composing sculptural Hypertexts and proposes tools which might help support such designs.
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Hypertext - Self-assembling Hypertexts, weblogs, and wikis
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '02, 2002Co-Authors: Stuart Moulthrop, Mark Bernstein, Sean CartonAbstract:Although most theory and research in the Hypertext community has been directed toward systems and implementations with fairly conventional patterns of authorship, Hypertext as it has evolved on the Internet contains a number of stranger species: Web logs (or "blogs") that consist largely of citations or pointers to other Web content; reader-writeable text spaces sometimes called "Wikis"; and in spaces outside the Web, shared writing environments like MUDs and MOOs. This panel brings together several writer/designers who have experience in one or more of these areas. The panelists will consider how open-form and self-assembling texts fit and stretch the Hypertext paradigm, and what contribution these writing practices might make to the future of writing on the Net.
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Hypertext - Chain saws for sculptural Hypertext
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '02, 2002Co-Authors: Jim Rosenberg, David E. Millard, Mark Bernstein, Catherine C. Marshall, Paul De Bra, Frank M. ShipmanAbstract:The term "Sculptural Hypertext", coined by Mark Bernstein in his Hypertext '01 paper "Card Shark and Thespis," refers to a style of writing Hypertext where the document author starts with a massively connected structure, and the task of authoring links consists of cutting away those links that are not wanted, much as someone sculpting in stone in the traditional way starts with a block of stone and forms an image by cutting away the "excess" material. The opposing term, "Calligraphic Hypertext," refers to the more familiar method of finely authoring each link. This panel seeks to address questions pertaining to authorship and tools for the sculptural approach to Hypertext. Among the questions we want to address are: How does one write a sculptural Hypertext? How does this concept scale - or is it only suited to small works? What differences are there for the reader of a sculptural Hypertext vs. a calligraphic Hypertext? How does the "subtractive" concept work with other models of Hypertext than the node-link model, e.g. spatial Hypertext? What are the differences in requirements for tool designers of sculptural vs. calligraphic Hypertext systems.
Roy Rada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interacting with Hypertext a meta analysis of experimental studies
Human-Computer Interaction, 1996Co-Authors: Chaomei Chen, Roy RadaAbstract:The meta-analysis compared and synthesized the results of 23 experimental studies on Hypertext. The analysis was based on 56 pairs of effect sizes and significance levels of the impact of users, tasks, and tools on interactions with Hypertext. This analysis focused on three factors that prevailingly influence the use of Hypertext: the cognitive styles and spatial ability of users; the complexity of tasks; and the structure of information organization and the visualization of the structure. The meta-analysis found that this group of experimental studies reported significantly discrepant findings, indicating that substantial differences exist among individual experiments. Individual differences in cognition did not yield enough evidence to conclude that the effect sizes are significantly apart from zero. The meta-analysis showed that the overall performance of Hypertext users tended to be more effective than that of nonHypertext users, but the differences in efficiency measures were consistently in favor of nonHypertext users. Users benefited more from Hypertext tools for open tasks. Overall, the complexity of tasks has the largest combined effect sizes. Graphical maps that visualize the organization of Hypertext have significant impact on the usefulness of a Hypertext system. This meta-analysis raised two issues concerned with the present Hypertext literature: (a) the absence of a taxonomy of tasks for analyzing and comparing Hypertext usability across studies, and (b) the weaknesses of the connections between abstract Hypertext reference models and specific Hypertext systems. These weaknesses may considerably undermine the significance of individual findings on Hypertext usability. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that the discrepancies among empirical findings are related to these weaknesses. Future work on Hypertext usability should emphasize task taxonomies along with longitudinal and ethnographic studies for a deep understanding of the interactions between users and Hypertext. Recommended research issues for the future are highlighted in Section 5.
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Hypertext, multimedia and hypermedia
New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 1995Co-Authors: Roy RadaAbstract:Abstract The concepts of Hypertext, multimedia and hypermedia are often confused, but can be usefully distinguished with the following definitions: Hypertext is text with links, multimedia is synchronized media, and hypermedia is multimedia with links. The computer storage and processing requirements for multimedia are orders of magnitude greater than those for Hypertext. Nevertheless, the Hypertext model can be extended to deal with hypermedia by including multimedia synchronization capabilities.
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Converting a textbook to Hypertext
ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1992Co-Authors: Roy RadaAbstract:Traditional documents may be transformed into Hypertext by first reflecting the document's logical markup in the Hypertext (producing first-order Hypertext) and then by adding links not evident in the document markup (producing second-order Hypertext). In our transformation of a textbook to Hypertext, the textbook is placed in an intermediate form based on a semantic net and is then placed into the four Hypertext systems: Emacs-Info, Guide, HyperTies, and Super-Book. The first-order Guide and SuperBook Hypertexts reflect a depth-first traversal of the semantic net, and the Emacs-Info and HyperTies Hypertexts reflect a breadth-first traversal. The semantic net is augmented manually, and then new traversal programs automatically generate alternate outlines. An index based on work patterns in the textbook is also automatically generated for the second-order Hypertext. Our suite of programs has been applied to a published textbook, and the resulting Hypertexts are publicly available.
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Hypertext and paper: A special synergy
International Journal of Information Management, 1991Co-Authors: Roy RadaAbstract:Some people argue that Hypertext is easy to write, is hard to create by converting existing text into Hypertext, and has a massive market. This paper argues the contrary. First, Hypertext is hard to write. Second, automatically converting a text into Hypertext is, to a first approximation, easy. Third, successful marketing of Hypertext depends on having a large volume of material that is also available in paper form. These three iconoclastic statements are based on painful experience, having written a book about Hypertext with our own Hypertext system. To market the book it has been published on paper and converted into several popular, commercial Hypertext systems. Users of the resultant products have favoured a combination of paper and Hypertext.
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Collaborative Hypertext and the MUCH system
Journal of Information Science, 1991Co-Authors: Roy Rada, Akmal Zeb, Geeng-neng You, Mahmoud Mhashi, Antotios MichailidisAbstract:We have developed a collaborative Hypertext system, called Many Using and Creating Hypertext (MUCH), and used it in creating and accessing Hypertext Our system emphasises connections among concepts and provides rich opportunities for people to get overviews The discussion and annotation modes of collaborative Hypertext might be added to the normal search mode of large-volume Hypertext and give people the kind of system envisioned by the pioneers of Hypertext
Mark A. Horney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uses of Hypertext
Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 1991Co-Authors: Mark A. HorneyAbstract:A THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF Hypertext is provided and three applications of Hypertext: Electronic Studying, Literary Exploration, and Qualitative Research are discussed. Hypertext is defined as a form of writing with three characteristics: discernable free standing content nodes, links between nodes, and the expectation of active choice by readers. Some applications discussed are communication tasks, interrelating data of differing types, formats, and medium of representation; tasks where either the form of the data and/or the particular uses of the data are not known in advance, or for which there are multiple, simultaneous uses; tasks reproducing physical and/or metaphorical structures, and tasks juxtaposing information in new contexts. In electronic studying, students using Hypertext are able to link information recorded on electronic note cards into study webs appropriate for report writing and for interrelating concepts among several disciplines. Literary explorations using Hypertext are possible where readers construct their own stories and interpretation of literary elements provided by others. Hypertext can be applied to qualitative research during the process of analyzing field notes and interview protocols. The use of Hypertext in these three areas will create a pool of experienced Hypertext authors and readers who will be capable of measuring the effectiveness of Hypertext.
J.c. Wallet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Twisted q-covariant oscillator algebras for u_q(osp(1.2)) and u_q (osp(2.2))
Physics Letters B, 1994Co-Authors: F. Thuillier, J.c. WalletAbstract:The use of online Hypertexts, like "Les Chants de Maldoror" (Lautréamont), is a mean for literary research, of course, but also a mean for thinking and creating exercices for Learning of French as a second Language. Some examples in this paper may help to concieve the interest of these possibilities. The exercices we give as examples, with morpho-syntaxic or semantic purpose, are depending on the needs of the students and on their reactivity in the use of computers. Please Note : This paper contains some dynamic links, mainly to the Lautréamont Hypertext.