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Irina S Druzhinina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ORIGINAL PAPER The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    2016
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Capillare T. Samuels
    Abstract:

    # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described (T. aethiopicum, T. capillare, T. flagellatum, T. gillesii, T. gracile, T. pinna-tum, T. saturnisporopsis, T. solani). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gil-lesii and T. pinnatum. Previously described species are annotated

  • STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 401–407. 2004. 401 Hypocrea flaviconidia, a new species from Costa Rica with yellow conidia
    2015
    Co-Authors: Irina S Druzhinina, Priscila Chaverri, Christian P Kubicek, Payam Fallah, Gary J. Samuels
    Abstract:

    Abstract: The new species Hypocrea flaviconidia and its Pachybasium-like Trichoderma anamorph are described based on collections from the Southern region of Costa Rica. This species is distinguished by its yellow conidia, a character that is rare and unusual in Hypocrea/Trichoderma. The phylogenetic relationship of H. flaviconidia to other species of Hy-pocrea/Trichoderma is explored based on ITS1 and 2 regions of rDNA, tef1 and ech42 gene genealogies. Phylogenetic analyses show that H. flaviconidia belongs in Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma, where it forms a sister group to a clade that includes T. hamatum and T. pubescens. A key to species of Hypocrea with known anamorphs with yellow conidia is pre-sented

  • biodiversity of the genus Hypocrea trichoderma in different habitats
    Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma, 2014
    Co-Authors: Laszlo Kredics, Lorant Hatvani, S Naeimi, Peter Kormoczi, Laszlo Manczinger, Csaba Vagvolgyi, Irina S Druzhinina
    Abstract:

    Abstract This chapter attempts to summarize the recently available and rapidly increasing amount of information in the literature about the occurrence and biodiversity of Trichoderma species in different ecological habitats. Members of the genus are common in soil and rhizosphere of plants in natural and agricultural fields and forests and on decaying wood. They are also occurring in the air, settled dust and different water-related habitats including marine environments and drinking water. Furthermore, certain species are known as endophytes of plants, colonizers of mushroom-related natural and artificial substrata and facultative pathogens of humans, demonstrating a high adaptability to various ecological niches.

  • The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    Fungal Diversity, 2012
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Walter M. Jaklitsch
    Abstract:

    The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described ( T. aethiopicum , T. capillare , T. flagellatum , T. gillesii , T. gracile , T. pinnatum , T. saturnisporopsis , T. solani ). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gillesii and T. pinnatum . Previously described species are annotated.

  • the production of multiple small peptaibol families by single 14 module peptide synthetases in trichoderma Hypocrea
    Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thomas Degenkolb, Torsten Neuhof, Ralf Dieckmann, Irina S Druzhinina, Hans Brückner, Razieh Karimi Aghcheh, Scott E Baker, Hans Von Dohren
    Abstract:

    The most common sequences of peptaibiotics are 11-residue peptaibols found widely distributed in the genus Trichoderma/Hypocrea. Frequently associated are 14-residue peptaibols sharing partial sequence identity. Genome sequencing projects of three Trichoderma strains of the major clades reveal the presence of up to three types of nonribosomal peptide synthetases with 7, 14, or 18-20 amino acid-adding modules. Here, we provide evidence that the 14-module NRPS type found in T. virens, T. reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina), and T. atroviride produces both 11- and 14-residue peptaibols based on the disruption of the respective NRPS gene of T. reesei, and bioinformatic analysis of their amino acid-activating domains and modules. The sequences of these peptides may be predicted from the gene sequences and have been confirmed by analysis of families of 11- and 14-residue peptaibols from the strain 618, termed hypojecorins A (23 sequences determined, 4 new) and B (3 sequences determined, 2 new), and the recently established trichovirins A from T. virens. The distribution of 11- and 14-residue products is strain-specific and depends on growth conditions as well. Possible mechanisms of module skipping are discussed.

Christian P Kubicek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ORIGINAL PAPER The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    2016
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Capillare T. Samuels
    Abstract:

    # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described (T. aethiopicum, T. capillare, T. flagellatum, T. gillesii, T. gracile, T. pinna-tum, T. saturnisporopsis, T. solani). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gil-lesii and T. pinnatum. Previously described species are annotated

  • STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 401–407. 2004. 401 Hypocrea flaviconidia, a new species from Costa Rica with yellow conidia
    2015
    Co-Authors: Irina S Druzhinina, Priscila Chaverri, Christian P Kubicek, Payam Fallah, Gary J. Samuels
    Abstract:

    Abstract: The new species Hypocrea flaviconidia and its Pachybasium-like Trichoderma anamorph are described based on collections from the Southern region of Costa Rica. This species is distinguished by its yellow conidia, a character that is rare and unusual in Hypocrea/Trichoderma. The phylogenetic relationship of H. flaviconidia to other species of Hy-pocrea/Trichoderma is explored based on ITS1 and 2 regions of rDNA, tef1 and ech42 gene genealogies. Phylogenetic analyses show that H. flaviconidia belongs in Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma, where it forms a sister group to a clade that includes T. hamatum and T. pubescens. A key to species of Hypocrea with known anamorphs with yellow conidia is pre-sented

  • The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    Fungal Diversity, 2012
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Walter M. Jaklitsch
    Abstract:

    The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described ( T. aethiopicum , T. capillare , T. flagellatum , T. gillesii , T. gracile , T. pinnatum , T. saturnisporopsis , T. solani ). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gillesii and T. pinnatum . Previously described species are annotated.

  • a versatile toolkit for high throughput functional genomics with trichoderma reesei
    Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2012
    Co-Authors: Christian P Kubicek, Scott E Baker, Andre Schuster, Kenneth S Bruno, James R Collett, Bernhard Seiboth, Monika Schmoll
    Abstract:

    Background The ascomycete fungus, Trichoderma reesei (anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina), represents a biotechnological workhorse and is currently one of the most proficient cellulase producers. While strain improvement was traditionally accomplished by random mutagenesis, a detailed understanding of cellulase regulation can only be gained using recombinant technologies.

  • The Trichoderma harzianum demon: complex speciation history resulting in coexistence of hypothetical biological species, recent agamospecies and numerous relict lineages
    BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, Monika Komoń-zelazowska, Temesgen Belayneh Mulaw, John Bissett
    Abstract:

    The mitosporic fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocrea, Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) is an ubiquitous species in the environment with some strains commercially exploited for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. Although T. harzianum is asexual (or anamorphic), its sexual stage (or teleomorph) has been described as Hypocrea lixii. Since recombination would be an important issue for the efficacy of an agent of the biological control in the field, we investigated the phylogenetic structure of the species. Using DNA sequence data from three unlinked loci for each of 93 strains collected worldwide, we detected a complex speciation process revealing overlapping reproductively isolated biological species, recent agamospecies and numerous relict lineages with unresolved phylogenetic positions. Genealogical concordance and recombination analyses confirm the existence of two genetically isolated agamospecies including T. harzianum sensu stricto and two hypothetical holomorphic species related to but different from H. lixii. The exact phylogenetic position of the majority of strains was not resolved and therefore attributed to a diverse network of recombining strains conventionally called 'pseudoharzianum matrix'. Since H. lixii and T. harzianum are evidently genetically isolated, the anamorph - teleomorph combination comprising H. lixii/T. harzianum in one holomorph must be rejected in favor of two separate species. Our data illustrate a complex speciation within H. lixii - T. harzianum species group, which is based on coexistence and interaction of organisms with different evolutionary histories and on the absence of strict genetic borders between them.

Gary J. Samuels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ORIGINAL PAPER The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    2016
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Capillare T. Samuels
    Abstract:

    # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described (T. aethiopicum, T. capillare, T. flagellatum, T. gillesii, T. gracile, T. pinna-tum, T. saturnisporopsis, T. solani). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gil-lesii and T. pinnatum. Previously described species are annotated

  • STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 401–407. 2004. 401 Hypocrea flaviconidia, a new species from Costa Rica with yellow conidia
    2015
    Co-Authors: Irina S Druzhinina, Priscila Chaverri, Christian P Kubicek, Payam Fallah, Gary J. Samuels
    Abstract:

    Abstract: The new species Hypocrea flaviconidia and its Pachybasium-like Trichoderma anamorph are described based on collections from the Southern region of Costa Rica. This species is distinguished by its yellow conidia, a character that is rare and unusual in Hypocrea/Trichoderma. The phylogenetic relationship of H. flaviconidia to other species of Hy-pocrea/Trichoderma is explored based on ITS1 and 2 regions of rDNA, tef1 and ech42 gene genealogies. Phylogenetic analyses show that H. flaviconidia belongs in Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma, where it forms a sister group to a clade that includes T. hamatum and T. pubescens. A key to species of Hypocrea with known anamorphs with yellow conidia is pre-sented

  • The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    Fungal Diversity, 2012
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Walter M. Jaklitsch
    Abstract:

    The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described ( T. aethiopicum , T. capillare , T. flagellatum , T. gillesii , T. gracile , T. pinnatum , T. saturnisporopsis , T. solani ). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gillesii and T. pinnatum . Previously described species are annotated.

  • recent advances and future prospects in peptaibiotics hydrophobin and mycotoxin research and their importance for chemotaxonomy of trichoderma and Hypocrea
    Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2008
    Co-Authors: Thomas Degenkolb, Gary J. Samuels, Hans Von Dohren, Kristian Fog Nielsen, Hans Brückner
    Abstract:

    Fungi of the genus Trichoderma with teleomorphs in Hypocrea are abundant producers of a group of amphiphilic, non-ribosomal peptide antibiotics, which are rich in the non-proteinogenic amino acid Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid). They are referred to as peptaibiotics, or peptaibols, if a 1,2-amino alcohol is present at the C-terminus. Trichoderma/Hypocrea, like other ascomycetous fungi, also produce hydrophobins, a class of small, cysteine-rich proteins. Advanced soft ionization mass spectrometric techniques such as LC-CID-MS, LC-ESI-MS(n), and IC-MALDI-TOF-MS enabled the high-throughput analysis, simultaneous detection and sequence determination of peptaibiotics and hydrophobins from minute quantities of fungal materials. Some Trichoderma species have been recognized to produce peptaibiotics as well as simple mycotoxins of the trichothecene group. The combination of sequence data of both groups of peptides with the pattern of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites, including trichothecene-type mycotoxins, independently confirmed the results of morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. This approach established a new lineage in Trichoderma/Hypocrea, the Brevicompactum clade, comprising four new and one redescribed species. Notably, commercial preparations of single or mixed cultures of Trichoderma species, in particular T. harzianum, and T. koningii, are registered as biocontrol agents for soil and plant pathogens. In this context, it is emphasized that the four mycotoxin-producing species of the recently established Brevicompactum clade (T. brevicompactum, T. arundinaceum, T. turrialbense, and T. protrudens) are not closely related to any of the Trichoderma species currently used as biocontrol agents. Furthermore, possible health concerns about release of peptaibiotics in the biosphere are discussed with respect to their bioactivities and their use as drugs in human and veterinary medicine. Finally, future prospects regarding novel bioactivities and further research needs, including interdisciplinary taxonomic approaches, are outlined.

  • Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae).
    Mycologia, 2008
    Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Kadri Põldmaa, Gary J. Samuels
    Abstract:

    The genus Protocrea is redefined, based on holotype and fresh specimens of its type species P. farinosa, using morphology of teleomorph and anamorph and phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 sequences. Data based on currently available specimens suggest the existence of three well defined and three still unnamed species. Apart from the type, P. farinosa, none of the species originally included are accepted in the genus. Species of Protocrea are characterized by perithecia formed in or on a subiculum, bicellular ascospores that disarticulate at the septum while still in the ascus and by anamorphs belonging to Gliocladium sensu stricto. For Hypocrea farinosa sensu auct. the new species H. decipiens is introduced. Hypocrea pallida is recognized as a species of Protocrea. It is closely related to P. farinosa, morphologically, phylogenetically and by habit. Protocrea illinoensis is described here as the sister taxon of P. farinosa found in the USA. All species are polyporicolous, with the principal hosts Skeletocutis ...

Walter M. Jaklitsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ORIGINAL PAPER The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    2016
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Capillare T. Samuels
    Abstract:

    # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described (T. aethiopicum, T. capillare, T. flagellatum, T. gillesii, T. gracile, T. pinna-tum, T. saturnisporopsis, T. solani). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gil-lesii and T. pinnatum. Previously described species are annotated

  • Hypocrea seppoi, a new stipitate species from
    2015
    Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Sabine Gruber, Hermann Voglmayr
    Abstract:

    The new stipitate species of Hypocrea, H. seppoi; is described, based on material fresh-ly collected in Finland. Characterization of this species includes morphology of tele-omorph and anamorph, culture studies and molecular phylogeny. H. seppoi is compared to the other European soil-inhabiting, stipitate Hypocrea species. It is characterized by small stromata, thin fi brous stipe, perithecia decurrent on the stipe, and by conidia that are smaller than those of H. leucopus and H. nybergiana. In addition, this work confi rms the congenerity of Podostroma and Podocrea with Hypocrea on molecular phylogenetic grounds using sequences of the nuclear genes coding for RNA polymerase II subunit b (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), and endochitinase (chi15-8)

  • Front line defenders of the ecological niche! Screening the structural diversity of peptaibiotics from saprotrophic and fungicolous Trichoderma/Hypocrea species
    Fungal Diversity, 2014
    Co-Authors: Christian R. Röhrich, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Hermann Voglmayr, Hans Brückner, Anita Iversen, Andreas Vilcinskas, Kristian Fog Nielsen, Ulf Thrane, Hans Döhren, Thomas Degenkolb
    Abstract:

    Approximately 950 individual sequences of non-ribosomally biosynthesised peptides are produced by the genus Trichoderma / Hypocrea that belong to a perpetually growing class of mostly linear antibiotic oligopeptides, which are rich in the non-proteinogenic α -aminoisobutyric acid (Aib). Thus, they are comprehensively named peptaibiotics. Notably, peptaibiotics represent ca. 80 % of the total inventory of secondary metabolites currently known from Trichoderma/Hypocrea . Their unique membrane-modifying bioactivity results from amphipathicity and helicity, thus making them ideal candidates in assisting both colonisation and defence of the natural habitats by their fungal producers. Despite this, reports on the in vivo-detection of peptaibiotics have scarcely been published in the past. In order to evaluate the significance of peptaibiotic production for a broader range of potential producers, we screened nine specimens belonging to seven hitherto uninvestigated fungicolous or saprotrophic Trichoderma/Hypocrea species by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry. Sequences of peptaibiotics found were independently confirmed by analysing the peptaibiome of pure agar cultures obtained by single-ascospore isolation from the specimens. Of the nine species examined, five were screened positive for peptaibiotics. A total of 78 peptaibiotics were sequenced, 56 (= 72 %) of which are new. Notably, dihydroxyphenylalaninol and O -prenylated tyrosinol, two C -terminal residues, which have not been reported for peptaibiotics before, were found as well as new and recurrent sequences carrying the recently described tyrosinol residue at their C -terminus. The majority of peptaibiotics sequenced are 18- or 19-residue peptaibols. Structural homologies with ‘classical representatives’ of subfamily 1 (SF1)-peptaibiotics argue for the formation of transmembrane ion channels, which are prone to facilitate the producer capture and defence of its substratum.

  • The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma: a revision with new species
    Fungal Diversity, 2012
    Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, George Szakacs, Adnan Ismaiel, Temesgen B. Mulaw, Walter M. Jaklitsch
    Abstract:

    The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is revised. Eight new species are described ( T. aethiopicum , T. capillare , T. flagellatum , T. gillesii , T. gracile , T. pinnatum , T. saturnisporopsis , T. solani ). The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic key. Trichoderma parareesei and T. effusum are redescribed based on new collections or additional observations. Hypocrea teleomorphs are reported for T. gillesii and T. pinnatum . Previously described species are annotated.

  • Blue pigment in Hypocrea caerulescens sp. nov. and two additional new species in sect. Trichoderma
    Mycologia, 2012
    Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Marc Stadler, Hermann Voglmayr
    Abstract:

    Three new species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) are described from recent collections in southern Europe and the Canary Islands. They have been characterized by morphological and molecular methods, including microscopic examination of the teleomorph in thin sections, the anamorph, growth rate experiments and phylogenetic analyses based on a part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1) containing the two last introns and a part of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit. Analyses involving tef1 did not unequivocally resolve the sister clade relationship of Hypocrea caerulescens relative to the Koningii and Viride clades, while analyses based on rpb2 clearly suggest a close relationship with the former, although the phenotype of H. caerulescens is similar to H. viridescens, particularly by its warted conidia and a coconut-like odor in CMD culture. Hypocrea hispanica and T. samuelsii however are cle...

John Bissett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Trichoderma harzianum demon: complex speciation history resulting in coexistence of hypothetical biological species, recent agamospecies and numerous relict lineages
    BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Irina S Druzhinina, Christian P Kubicek, Monika Komoń-zelazowska, Temesgen Belayneh Mulaw, John Bissett
    Abstract:

    The mitosporic fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocrea, Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) is an ubiquitous species in the environment with some strains commercially exploited for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. Although T. harzianum is asexual (or anamorphic), its sexual stage (or teleomorph) has been described as Hypocrea lixii. Since recombination would be an important issue for the efficacy of an agent of the biological control in the field, we investigated the phylogenetic structure of the species. Using DNA sequence data from three unlinked loci for each of 93 strains collected worldwide, we detected a complex speciation process revealing overlapping reproductively isolated biological species, recent agamospecies and numerous relict lineages with unresolved phylogenetic positions. Genealogical concordance and recombination analyses confirm the existence of two genetically isolated agamospecies including T. harzianum sensu stricto and two hypothetical holomorphic species related to but different from H. lixii. The exact phylogenetic position of the majority of strains was not resolved and therefore attributed to a diverse network of recombining strains conventionally called 'pseudoharzianum matrix'. Since H. lixii and T. harzianum are evidently genetically isolated, the anamorph - teleomorph combination comprising H. lixii/T. harzianum in one holomorph must be rejected in favor of two separate species. Our data illustrate a complex speciation within H. lixii - T. harzianum species group, which is based on coexistence and interaction of organisms with different evolutionary histories and on the absence of strict genetic borders between them.

  • an oligonucleotide barcode for species identification in trichoderma and Hypocrea
    Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Irina S Druzhinina, Monika Komon, John Bissett, Alexei G Kopchinskiy, George Szakacs, Christian P Kubicek
    Abstract:

    Abstract One of the biggest obstructions to studies on Trichoderma has been the incorrect and confused application of species names to isolates used in industry, biocontrol of plant pathogens and ecological surveys, thereby making the comparison of results questionable. Here we provide a convenient, on-line method for the quick molecular identification of Hypocrea/Trichoderma at the genus and species levels based on an oligonucleotide barcode: a diagnostic combination of several oligonucleotides (hallmarks) specifically allocated within the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2) sequences of the rDNA repeat. The barcode was developed on the basis of 979 sequences of 88 vouchered species which displayed in total 135 ITS1 and 2 haplotypes. Oligonucleotide sequences which are constant in all known ITS1 and 2 of Hypocrea/Trichoderma but different in closely related fungal genera, were used to define genus-specific hallmarks. The library of species-, clade- and genus-specific hallmarks is stored in the MySQL database and integrated in the TrichOKey v. 1.0 - barcode sequence identification program with the web interface located on www.isth.info . TrichOKey v. 1.0 identifies 75 single species, 5 species pairs and 1 species triplet. Verification of the DNA-barcode was done by a blind test on 53 unknown isolates of Trichoderma, collected in Central and South America. The obtained results were in a total agreement with phylogenetic identification based on tef1 (large intron), NCBI BLAST of vouchered records and postum morphological analysis. We conclude that oligonucleotide barcode is a powerful tool for the routine identification of Hypocrea/Trichoderma species and should be useful as a complement to traditional methods.

  • a revision of the genus trichoderma iv additional notes on section longibrachiatum
    Botany, 1991
    Co-Authors: John Bissett
    Abstract:

    Trichoderma parceramosum nom.nov. replaces the illegitimate name Trichoderma atroviride Bissett, a later homonym of T. atroviride Karsten. The Trichoderma anamorph of Hypocrea schweinitzii (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc. is described and differentiated from the four other species in section Longibrachiatum.Key words: Trichoderma section Longibrachiatum, taxonomy.