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Boris Sket - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high biodiversity in hypogean waters and its endangerment the situation in slovenia the dinaric karst and europe
Crustaceana, 1999Co-Authors: Boris SketAbstract:Of approximately 12,600 aquatic animal species, registered in 1978 in Europe, more than 200 were facultative cave dwellers, approximately 1,000 species (in 1998 already 2,000 taxa) or 8%, were specialized stygobionts. More than half are Crustacea. The relatively high number of crustacean hypogean species is rendered possible mainly by (1) the absence of their insect competitors as well as (2) spatial partition due to the small distribution areas of most stygobionts. Slovenia, with approximately 200 taxa in its 20,000 km2, has the highest density, and the Dinaric area with nearly 400 taxa in its only 153,400 km2 has the highest absolute number of stygobiont taxa known in the world. The situation is similar for terrestrial cave faunas. The crustacean diversity is mostly a result of ecological and morphological diversification within a few genera (e.g., Niphargus, Proasellus, Monolistra). However, higher taxa (families, orders) are well represented. Besides some non-specialized newcomers to hypogean habitats, some ubiquitous species (e.g., Asellus aquaticus, Synurella ambulans) possess a number of isolated hypogean populations that are troglomorphic to varying degrees. Hypogean species are endangered by urbanization and other uses of the sensitive karst landscape. Although a slight organic pollution of the energy poor cave waters is favourable to their inhabitants, it may enable invaders from the surface to outcompete troglomorphic specialists in sinking rivers. Conservation of cave species is very demanding, since it requires protection of the whole drainage areas on the surface. Von ungefahr 12.600 im Jahre 1978 registrierten aquatischen Tierarten in Europa, waren mindestens 200 fakultative Hohlenbewohner und etwa 1.000 Arten (1998 schon 2.000 Taxa), also 8%, waren spezialisierte Stygobionten. Mehr als die Halfte davon sind Krebsarten (Crustacea). Zwei Hauptfaktoren ermoglichen vermutlich die relativ hohe Zahl der unterirdischen Krebsarten: (1) die Abwesenheit der kompetierenden Insekten und (2) eine kleinraumliche Einteilung der Verbreitungsareale (wass eine allgemeine Folge des hohen Endemismus der Stygobionten Arten, nicht nur der Krebse, ist). Slovenien hat mit etwa 200 Stygobionten Taxa auf einer Flache von 20.000 km2 die hochste bekannte Arten-Dichte und das Dinarische Gebiet hat mit fast 400 Taxa auf einer Flache von 153.400 km2 die artenreichste Stygofauna der Welt. Diese Verhaltnisse sind auch bei den terrestrischen Hohlenfaunen ahnlich. Der Artenreichtum der Crustacea ist vor allem eine Folge der okologischen und morphologischen Differenzierung innerhalb einiger Gattungen (z.B. Niphargus, Proasellus, Monolistra). Weiterhin sind aber auch hohere Taxa (Familien, Ordnungen) zahlreich vertreten. Nebst einiger nicht spezialisierten (Neu-)Einwanderer in unterirdische Habitate gibt es auch isolierte Populationen einiger ubiquistischen Arten (z.B. Asellus aquaticus, Synurella ambulans), die schon teilweise troglomorph sind. Unterirdische Arten sind bedroht durch Urbanisierung und andere Nutzungsformen der empfindlichen Karst-Landschaft. Obwohl eine leichte organische Verunreinigung der nahrstoffarmen Hohlengewasser fur ihre Einwohner gunstig ist, erleichtert sie in Sickerflussen das eindringen epigaischer Arten, die troglomorphe Spezialisten verdrangen konnen. Der Schutz von Hohlenarten ist ein anspruchsvolles Vorhaben, dass den Schutz ganzer Gewassersysteme an der Oberflache erfordert.
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Comparison between some epigean and hypogean populations of Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae)
Hydrobiologia, 1996Co-Authors: Simona Turk, Boris Sket, Şerban SarbuAbstract:Epigean and hypogean populations of Asellus aquaticus (Linne) from Slovenia (A. a. aquaticus, A. a. carniolicus Sket, A. a. cavernicolus Racovitza) were compared morphologically with those from Romania (A. a. aquaticus, A. a. ssp. from Mangalia). The highly troglomorphic Slovenian race (A. a. cavernicolus) was the reference for assessing the degree of troglomorphism in the Romanian cave population. Of 61 measured characters, most proved discriminative and many were classified according to their presumed nature (reductive and progressive troglomorphisms, paedomorphoses, K-strategy traits).
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distribution of asellus aquaticus crustacea isopoda asellidae and its hypogean populations at different geographic scales with a note on proasellus istrianus
Hydrobiologia, 1994Co-Authors: Boris SketAbstract:The pattern of Asellus aquaticus (L.) distribution is presented with lists of its hypogean populations. Of the races with small area on pleopods IV–V only an E Romanian population is homogeneously depigmented and blind. A characteristic group of races with enlarged pleopod areae is seen only in the Dinarides. Of these, the most troglomorphic race is A. a. cavernicolus Racovitza, in the hypogean parts of Pivka (SW Slovenia) and Reka-Timavo (NE Italy) systems. A secondary introgression with A. a. aquaticus in Postojna Caves has been observed. Some phylogenetic relationships are discussed based on morphological, hydrographical and paleogeographical data. A comparison with the endemic Proasellus istrianus (Stammer) is given, which lives on the surface in the Adriatic drainage basin only, but exhibits also a hypogean range beyond which it is similar to that of A. a. cavernicolus.
M.t. Tanton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Foraging patterns of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) for Hypogeal fungi in mixed-species and regrowth eucalypt forest stands in southeastern Australia
Forest Ecology and Management, 1993Co-Authors: Andrew W. Claridge, Ross B. Cunningham, M.t. TantonAbstract:Abstract Foraging activity of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), a medium-sized ground-dwelling marsupial, was monitored in a multi-aged eucalypt forest site and a regrowth eucalypt forest site in southeastern Australia. The probability of occurrence, abundance and characteristics of diggings left in the soil profile by P. tridactylus while foraging for Hypogeal (underground) fungal fruiting bodies, were recorded in relation to topographic location. We simultaneously obtained data on the distribution of animals from trapping records at both sites. In the multi-aged forest site, the probability of occurrence of diggings was higher in midslope-sheltered and gully locations than elsewhere in the catchment. In contrast, the abundance of diggings was similar across most topographic locations, though increasing in late autumn and winter, particularly in gully locations. This was in response to increased production of Hypogeal fruiting bodies of some fungi. The depth of digs decreased concomitantly with this shift in foraging pattern. Thus, digs in gully locations were shallower than digs in ridge and midslope locations. At the regrowth forest site, the probability of occurrence and abundance of diggings of P. tridactylus was significantly higher in midslope-sheltered aspects than elsewhere in the catchment. Dig depth was shallower in gully sites than ridge or midslope sites, but did not change over time in any seasonal pattern. Differences in the probability of occurrence, abundance and characteristics of diggings of the two study populations partially reflect differences in the use of Hypogeal fungi as a food resource. The distribution of trapped P. tridactylus at both study sites did not entirely reflect patterns of foraging, highlighting the limitations of this type of data in interpreting patterns of resource use by forest-dwelling mammals. The utilisation of different slope and aspect classes by P. tridactylus for foraging has important implications for the management of mycophagous mammals in multiple-use forests.
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seasonal production of Hypogeal fungal sporocarps in a mixed species eucalypt forest stand in south eastern australia
Australian Journal of Botany, 1993Co-Authors: Andrew W. Claridge, M.t. Tanton, Andrew P Robinson, R B CunninghamAbstract:The seasonal production of Hypogeal fungal sporoearps was monitored over an 18 month period in a catchment of mixed-species euealypt forest in East Gippsland, Vietoria. During the study, sporocarps of one Ascomycete and 25 Basidiomycete species were collected from soil quadrats sampled sequentially around the bases of eucalypt trees- Sporocarps from these species varied in their dimensions and morphological characteristics. Productivity varied from 21 000 sporocarps ha-1 to 181 000 sporocarps ha-1 or 1.8 kg ha-1 to 8.3 kg ha-1 per month. The probability of occurrence of sporocarps was, on average, greater in midslope sites on a sheltered aspect than elsewhere within the catchment. The number of sporocarps produced varied over time, with a major peak in production occurring during May (late-autumn). This peak occurred mainly within gully sites, which supported on average a greater number of sporocarps than ridge or midslope sites, but a lesser weight of sporocarps. The distribution and productivity (probability of occurrence, number and weight) of sporocarps appeared to be associated with some environmental (soil) variables, but not the physical variables (host tree), that we measured. Sporocarps of some species fruited predominantly in ridge and slope habitats, some species fruited mainly in gullies, whereas others apparently showed no preference for fruiting in ridges, slopes and gullies. Thus, in forest catchments subject to land-management practices such as logging and fire, it may be important to retain undisturbed habitat throughout the topographic sequence to conserve a diversity of Hypogeal species.
Bashar Mustafa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new Hypogeal tomb with a phoenician anthropoid sarcophagi on tartus syrian coast una nueva tumba hypogeo con sarcofago antropoide fenicio en tartus en la costa de syria
2013Co-Authors: Bashar MustafaAbstract:In this paper, we report on a new tomb which was discovered on the coast of Syria, including the objects found within, such as, the sarcophagus and the entire funerary ensemble. The analysis of the construction system, primarily through drawings made in situ by the excavation team is considered one of most effective approaches to understand the techniques involved in this Hypogeal tomb found on the Phoenician coast of Syria. A series of chronological data are provided concerning the stylistic features of the tomb, with special mention of past looting. The study concludes with an overall assessment of the tomb and its contents.
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new Hypogeal tomb with a phoenician anthropoid sarcophagi on tartus syrian coast
Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CuPAUAM), 2013Co-Authors: Bashar MustafaAbstract:In this paper, we report on a new tomb which was discovered on the coast of Syria, including the objects found within, such as, the sarcophagus and the entire funerary ensemble. The analysis of the construction system, primarily through drawings made in situ by the excavation team is considered one of most effective approaches to understand the techniques involved in this Hypogeal tomb found on the Phoenician coast of Syria. A series of chronological data are provided concerning the stylistic features of the tomb, with special mention of past looting. The study concludes with an overall assessment of the tomb and its contents.
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Una nueva tumba hypogeo con sarcófago antropoide “Fenicio” en Tartus, en la costa de Syria
'Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid', 2013Co-Authors: Bashar MustafaAbstract:In this paper, we report on a new tomb which was discovered on the coast of Syria, including the objects found within, such as, the sarcophagus and the entire funerary ensemble. The analysis of the construction system, primarily through drawings made in situ by the excavation team is considered one of most effective approaches to understand the techniques involved in this Hypogeal tomb found on the Phoenician coast of Syria. A series of chronological data are provided concerning the stylistic features of the tomb, with special mention of past looting. The study concludes with an overall assessment of the tomb and its contents
Şerban Sarbu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison between some epigean and hypogean populations of Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae)
Hydrobiologia, 1996Co-Authors: Simona Turk, Boris Sket, Şerban SarbuAbstract:Epigean and hypogean populations of Asellus aquaticus (Linne) from Slovenia (A. a. aquaticus, A. a. carniolicus Sket, A. a. cavernicolus Racovitza) were compared morphologically with those from Romania (A. a. aquaticus, A. a. ssp. from Mangalia). The highly troglomorphic Slovenian race (A. a. cavernicolus) was the reference for assessing the degree of troglomorphism in the Romanian cave population. Of 61 measured characters, most proved discriminative and many were classified according to their presumed nature (reductive and progressive troglomorphisms, paedomorphoses, K-strategy traits).
Andrew W. Claridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Foraging patterns of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) for Hypogeal fungi in mixed-species and regrowth eucalypt forest stands in southeastern Australia
Forest Ecology and Management, 1993Co-Authors: Andrew W. Claridge, Ross B. Cunningham, M.t. TantonAbstract:Abstract Foraging activity of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), a medium-sized ground-dwelling marsupial, was monitored in a multi-aged eucalypt forest site and a regrowth eucalypt forest site in southeastern Australia. The probability of occurrence, abundance and characteristics of diggings left in the soil profile by P. tridactylus while foraging for Hypogeal (underground) fungal fruiting bodies, were recorded in relation to topographic location. We simultaneously obtained data on the distribution of animals from trapping records at both sites. In the multi-aged forest site, the probability of occurrence of diggings was higher in midslope-sheltered and gully locations than elsewhere in the catchment. In contrast, the abundance of diggings was similar across most topographic locations, though increasing in late autumn and winter, particularly in gully locations. This was in response to increased production of Hypogeal fruiting bodies of some fungi. The depth of digs decreased concomitantly with this shift in foraging pattern. Thus, digs in gully locations were shallower than digs in ridge and midslope locations. At the regrowth forest site, the probability of occurrence and abundance of diggings of P. tridactylus was significantly higher in midslope-sheltered aspects than elsewhere in the catchment. Dig depth was shallower in gully sites than ridge or midslope sites, but did not change over time in any seasonal pattern. Differences in the probability of occurrence, abundance and characteristics of diggings of the two study populations partially reflect differences in the use of Hypogeal fungi as a food resource. The distribution of trapped P. tridactylus at both study sites did not entirely reflect patterns of foraging, highlighting the limitations of this type of data in interpreting patterns of resource use by forest-dwelling mammals. The utilisation of different slope and aspect classes by P. tridactylus for foraging has important implications for the management of mycophagous mammals in multiple-use forests.
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seasonal production of Hypogeal fungal sporocarps in a mixed species eucalypt forest stand in south eastern australia
Australian Journal of Botany, 1993Co-Authors: Andrew W. Claridge, M.t. Tanton, Andrew P Robinson, R B CunninghamAbstract:The seasonal production of Hypogeal fungal sporoearps was monitored over an 18 month period in a catchment of mixed-species euealypt forest in East Gippsland, Vietoria. During the study, sporocarps of one Ascomycete and 25 Basidiomycete species were collected from soil quadrats sampled sequentially around the bases of eucalypt trees- Sporocarps from these species varied in their dimensions and morphological characteristics. Productivity varied from 21 000 sporocarps ha-1 to 181 000 sporocarps ha-1 or 1.8 kg ha-1 to 8.3 kg ha-1 per month. The probability of occurrence of sporocarps was, on average, greater in midslope sites on a sheltered aspect than elsewhere within the catchment. The number of sporocarps produced varied over time, with a major peak in production occurring during May (late-autumn). This peak occurred mainly within gully sites, which supported on average a greater number of sporocarps than ridge or midslope sites, but a lesser weight of sporocarps. The distribution and productivity (probability of occurrence, number and weight) of sporocarps appeared to be associated with some environmental (soil) variables, but not the physical variables (host tree), that we measured. Sporocarps of some species fruited predominantly in ridge and slope habitats, some species fruited mainly in gullies, whereas others apparently showed no preference for fruiting in ridges, slopes and gullies. Thus, in forest catchments subject to land-management practices such as logging and fire, it may be important to retain undisturbed habitat throughout the topographic sequence to conserve a diversity of Hypogeal species.