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Antonio Spilimbergo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does border enforcement protect u s workers from Illegal Immigration
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2002Co-Authors: Gordon H Hanson, Raymond Robertson, Antonio SpilimbergoAbstract:In this paper, we examine the impact of enforcement of the U.S.-Mexico border on wages in U.S. and Mexican border regions. The U.S. Border Patrol polices U.S. boundaries, seeking to apprehend any undocumented entrants. It concentrates its efforts on the Mexican border. We examine labor markets in border areas of California, Texas, and Mexico. For each region, we have high-frequency data on wages and person hours the U.S. Border Patrol spends policing the border. For a range of empirical specifications and definitions of regional labor markets, we find little impact of border enforcement on wages in U.S. border cities and a moderate negative impact of border enforcement on wages in Mexican border cities. These findings are consistent with two hypothesis: (1) border enforcement has a minimal impact on Illegal Immigration, or (2) Illegal Immigration from Mexico has a minimal impact on wages in U.S. border areas.
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Immigration and the u s economy labor market impacts Illegal entry and policy choices
2001Co-Authors: Gordon H Hanson, Antonio Spilimbergo, Kenneth Scheve, Matthew J SlaughterAbstract:Since the 1960s, the United States has undergone a surge in Immigration. The share of the U.S. population that is foreign born surpassed 10% in 2000, with new immigrants accounting for nearly half of recent U.S. population growth. Three policy issues are central to the current debate about Immigration. One is what should be the level and composition of legal Immigration. The United States admits relatively large numbers of immigrants with low levels of education and other discernible skills. Rising Immigration of the less skilled may lower wages of native workers. A second issue is what to do about Illegal Immigration. Illegal aliens account for one third of new U.S. immigrants. An open question is whether U.S. policy should attempt to replace Illegal Immigration with large-scale temporary Immigration of foreign workers. A third issue is whether immigrants should be eligible for public assistance. Denying eligibility could reduce Immigration and lower fiscal transfers from natives to immigrants. In this paper, we examine Immigration in the United States over the last several decades in order to gauge the potential for and the consequences of changes in U.S. Immigration policy. Our study has six main sections, following an introduction. In section 2, we review U.S. Immigration policy and trends. Current U.S. policy sets a quota on overall Immigration, with first priority for admissions given to family members of U.S. citizens and legal residents. In recent years, fewer than 15% of new immigrants have been admitted based on their skill level. Whether intended or not, this policy favors immigrants with relatively little schooling. Recent immigrants tend to concentrate in specific regions and industries, and tend to earn much less than natives. In section 3, we consider how U.S. regional economies adjust to immigrant inflows. Despite the geographic concentration of recent immigrants, wages have not fallen perceptibly in the gateway communities in which immigrants settle. Regions have adjusted to immigrant inflows through other mechanisms, including skill upgrading of the native labor force, outmigration of native workers, and shifts in output mix towards immigrant-intensive industries. If education levels of the U.S. labor force stabilize, as they are expected to do, the wage impacts of Immigration may be more pronounced. In section 4, we examine the factors that influence U.S. Illegal Immigration. Most Illegal immigrants enter the country either by crossing the Mexico-U.S. border or by overstaying entry visas. Mexico is the largest source country for Illegal Immigration and Illegal entry tends to surge following economic downturns in the country. The U.S. government impedes Illegal Immigration by policing borders and monitoring employers, with the vast majority of resources dedicated to border enforcement. These efforts appear to have had limited success, as the inflow of Illegal immigrants continues unabated. In section 5, we examine the fiscal impact of Immigration. Prior to U.S. welfare reform in 1996, immigrants were more likely than natives to receive public assistance. New laws restrict immigrant access to many benefits, one important exception being costly public education. For some types of public assistance, individual U.S. states have the discretion to offer benefits after an individual has been in the country for at least five years. Excluding immigrants from public assistance has been subject to numerous judicial challenges. Despite immigrant use of public assistance, the net fiscal transfer from natives to immigrants appears to be very small at the national level, though it is higher in a few specific states that have both generous welfare benefits and large immigrant populations. In general, the older and the less educated the adult immigrant population is, the larger are native-to-immigrant net fiscal transfers. In section 6, we examine the political economy of U.S. Immigration policy. We find that individual opinions about Immigration policy are influenced by expectations about its impact on outcomes in the labor market and on public services and the welfare state. In particular, less-skilled workers and political conservatives are among those most opposed to freer Immigration. Congressional representatives seem to respond to these concerns in their districts when voting on legislation. In section 7, we conclude by discussing current policy choices facing the United States. Key decisions for U.S. policy makers include whether to replace family-based Immigration with skills-based Immigration, whether to continue to exclude immigrants from access to public assistance, whether to expand temporary Immigration, and how to balance border and interior policing in enforcing against Illegal Immigration.
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Illegal Immigration border enforcement and relative wages evidence from apprehensions at the u s mexico border
The American Economic Review, 1999Co-Authors: Gordon H Hanson, Antonio SpilimbergoAbstract:We examine Illegal Immigration in the United States from Mexico over the period 1976-1995. One challenge is that we do not observe the number of individuals that attempt to enter the United States Illegally; we only observe the number of individuals apprehended attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border Illegally. Based on a simple migration model we postulate the existence of an apprehensions function which expresses apprehensions at the border as a function of Illegal attempts to cross the border and U.S. border-enforcement effort....We find that a 10% decrease in the Mexican real wage leads to a 7.5% to 8.8% increase in apprehensions at the border. (EXCERPT)
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does border enforcement protect u s workers from Illegal Immigration
Research Papers in Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Gordon H Hanson, Raymond Robertson, Antonio SpilimbergoAbstract:In this paper, we examine the impact of government enforcement of the U.S.-Mexico border on wages in the border regions of the United States and Mexico. The U.S. Border Patrol polices U.S. boundaries, seeking to apprehend any individual attempting to enter the United States Illegally. These efforts are concentrated on the Mexican border, as most Illegal immigrants embark from a Mexican border city and choose a U.S. border state as their final destination. We examine labor markets in southern California, southwestern Texas, and Mexican cities on the U.S.-Mexico border. For each region, we have high-frequency time-series data on wages and on the number of person hours that the U.S. Border Patrol spends policing border areas. For a range of empirical specifications and definitions of regional labor markets, we find little impact of border enforcement on wages in U.S. border cities and a moderate negative impact of border enforcement on wages in Mexican border cities. These findings are consistent with two hypothesis: (1) border enforcement has a minimal impact on Illegal Immigration, or (2) Illegal Immigration from Mexico has a minimal impact on wages in U.S. border areas.
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does border enforcement protect u s workers from Illegal Immigration
Social Science Research Network, 1999Co-Authors: Gordon H Hanson, Raymond Robertson, Antonio SpilimbergoAbstract:In this paper, we examine the impact of government enforcement of the U.S.-Mexican border on wages in the border regions of the United States and Mexico. The U.S. Border Patrol polices U.S. boundaries, seeking to apprehend any individual attempting to enter the United States Illegally. These efforts are concentrated on the Mexican border, as most Illegal immigrants embark from a Mexican border city and choose a U.S. border state as their final destination. We examine labor markets in southern California, southwestern Texas, and Mexican cities on the U.S.-Mexico border. For each region, we have high-frequency time-series data on wages and on the number of person hours that the U.S. Border Patrol spends policing border areas. For a range of empirical specifications and definitions of regional labor markets, we find little impact of border enforcement on wages in U.S. border cities and a moderate negative impact of border enforcement on wages in Mexican border cities. These findings are consistent with two hypothesis: (1) border enforcement has a minimal impact on Illegal Immigration, or (2) Immigration from Mexico has a minimal impact on wages in U.S. border cities.
Ángel Solano García - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does Illegal Immigration empower rightist parties
Journal of Population Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Ángel Solano GarcíaAbstract:The main goal of this paper is to analyze the political outcome in countries where the relevant issue in elections is the control of Immigration. In particular we explore the consequences on the political outcome of the fact that parties are either ideological or opportunistic with respect to this issue. In order to do that we use a simple two-party political competition model in which the issues over which parties take positions are the level of border enforcement and the way it has to be financed. We show that an ideological rather than a pure opportunistic behavior gives parties an advantage to win the election. This result may help us to understand the recent success of anti-immigrant and rightist parties in several countries.
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does Illegal Immigration empower rightist parties
Journal of Population Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Ángel Solano GarcíaAbstract:The main goal of this paper is to analyze the political outcome in countries where the relevant issue in elections is the control of Immigration. In particular, we explore the consequences on the political outcome of the fact that parties are either ideological or opportunistic with respect to this issue. To do that, we use a simple two-party political competition model in which the issues over which parties take positions are the levels of border enforcement and the way it has to be financed. We show that an ideological rather than a pure opportunistic behavior gives parties an advantage to win the election. This result may help us to understand the recent success of anti-immigrant and rightist parties in several countries.
Sandra Orozcoaleman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Illegal Immigration the trump effect
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:Recent years have witnessed the emergence of increasingly provocative anti-immigrant politicians in both Europe and the United States. We examine whether the 2016 election of Donald Trump, who made Illegal Immigration and border enforcement a centerpiece of his campaign, reduced Illegal Immigration into the U.S. We exploit the fact the election result was widely unexpected and thus generated a large, overnight change in expected Immigration policy and rhetoric. We compare migration flows before and after the election and find that while it reduced Immigration among deported Mexicans and at least temporarily among Central Americans, it had no effect on the overall inflow of unauthorized Mexican workers. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Illegal Immigration the trump effect
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:Recent years have witnessed the emergence of increasingly provocative anti-immigrant politicians in both Europe and the United States. We examine whether the 2016 election of Donald Trump, who made Illegal Immigration and border enforcement a centerpiece of his campaign, reduced Illegal Immigration into the U.S. We exploit the fact the election result was widely unexpected and thus generated a large, overnight change in expected Immigration policy and rhetoric. We compare migration flows before and after the election and find that while it reduced Immigration among deported Mexicans and at least temporarily among Central Americans, it had no effect on the overall inflow of unauthorized Mexican workers.
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Illegal Immigration state law and deterrence
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:A critical Immigration policy question is whether state and federal policy can deter undocumented workers from entering the United States. We examine whether Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial state Immigration law ever passed, deterred entry into Arizona. We do so by exploiting a unique dataset from a survey of undocumented workers passing through Mexican border towns on their way to the United States. Results indicate the bill's passage reduced the flow of undocumented immigrants into Arizona by 30 to 70 percent, suggesting that undocumented workers from Mexico are responsive to changes in state Immigration policy.
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Illegal Immigration state law and deterrence
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:A critical Immigration policy question is whether state and federal policy can deter undocumented workers from entering the U.S. We examine whether Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial state Immigration law ever passed, deterred entry into Arizona. We do so by exploiting a unique data set from a survey of undocumented workers passing through Mexican border towns on their way to the U.S. Results indicate the bill’s passage reduced the flow of undocumented immigrants into Arizona by 30 to 70 percent, suggesting that undocumented workers from Mexico are responsive to changes in state Immigration policy. In contrast, we find no evidence that the law induced undocumented immigrants already in Arizona to return to Mexico.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Illegal Immigration state law and deterrence
Research Papers in Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:A critical Immigration policy question is whether state and federal policy can deter undocumented workers from entering the U.S. We examine whether Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial state Immigration law ever passed, deterred entry into Arizona. We do so by exploiting a unique data set from a survey of undocumented workers passing through Mexican border towns on their way to the U.S. Results indicate the bill’s passage reduced the flow of undocumented immigrants into Arizona by 30 to 70 percent, suggesting that undocumented workers from Mexico are responsive to changes in state Immigration policy. In contrast, we find no evidence that the law induced undocumented immigrants already in Arizona to return to Mexico.
John N Mordeson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wiener index of a fuzzy graph and application to Illegal Immigration networks
Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2020Co-Authors: M Binu, Sunil Mathew, John N MordesonAbstract:Abstract Connectivity parameters have important role in the study of networks in the physical world. Wiener index is one such parameter with several applications in chemistry and network theory. In this article Wiener index of various fuzzy graph structures like fuzzy trees and fuzzy cycles are discussed. Relationship between connectivity index and Wiener index of a fuzzy graph is also studied. For the effective computation of Wiener Index of a fuzzy graph an algorithm is proposed. A real life application related with human trafficking and Illegal Immigration is presented towards the end.
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vulnerability and government response to human trafficking vague fuzzy incidence graphs
New Mathematics and Natural Computation, 2018Co-Authors: John N Mordeson, Sunil Mathew, Rajab Ali BorzooeiAbstract:We introduce the notion of a vague incidence graph and its eccentricity. We apply the results to problems involving human trafficking and Illegal Immigration. We are particularly interested in the ...
Mark Hoekstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Illegal Immigration the trump effect
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:Recent years have witnessed the emergence of increasingly provocative anti-immigrant politicians in both Europe and the United States. We examine whether the 2016 election of Donald Trump, who made Illegal Immigration and border enforcement a centerpiece of his campaign, reduced Illegal Immigration into the U.S. We exploit the fact the election result was widely unexpected and thus generated a large, overnight change in expected Immigration policy and rhetoric. We compare migration flows before and after the election and find that while it reduced Immigration among deported Mexicans and at least temporarily among Central Americans, it had no effect on the overall inflow of unauthorized Mexican workers. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Illegal Immigration the trump effect
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:Recent years have witnessed the emergence of increasingly provocative anti-immigrant politicians in both Europe and the United States. We examine whether the 2016 election of Donald Trump, who made Illegal Immigration and border enforcement a centerpiece of his campaign, reduced Illegal Immigration into the U.S. We exploit the fact the election result was widely unexpected and thus generated a large, overnight change in expected Immigration policy and rhetoric. We compare migration flows before and after the election and find that while it reduced Immigration among deported Mexicans and at least temporarily among Central Americans, it had no effect on the overall inflow of unauthorized Mexican workers.
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Illegal Immigration state law and deterrence
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:A critical Immigration policy question is whether state and federal policy can deter undocumented workers from entering the United States. We examine whether Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial state Immigration law ever passed, deterred entry into Arizona. We do so by exploiting a unique dataset from a survey of undocumented workers passing through Mexican border towns on their way to the United States. Results indicate the bill's passage reduced the flow of undocumented immigrants into Arizona by 30 to 70 percent, suggesting that undocumented workers from Mexico are responsive to changes in state Immigration policy.
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Illegal Immigration state law and deterrence
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:A critical Immigration policy question is whether state and federal policy can deter undocumented workers from entering the U.S. We examine whether Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial state Immigration law ever passed, deterred entry into Arizona. We do so by exploiting a unique data set from a survey of undocumented workers passing through Mexican border towns on their way to the U.S. Results indicate the bill’s passage reduced the flow of undocumented immigrants into Arizona by 30 to 70 percent, suggesting that undocumented workers from Mexico are responsive to changes in state Immigration policy. In contrast, we find no evidence that the law induced undocumented immigrants already in Arizona to return to Mexico.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Illegal Immigration state law and deterrence
Research Papers in Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Mark Hoekstra, Sandra OrozcoalemanAbstract:A critical Immigration policy question is whether state and federal policy can deter undocumented workers from entering the U.S. We examine whether Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial state Immigration law ever passed, deterred entry into Arizona. We do so by exploiting a unique data set from a survey of undocumented workers passing through Mexican border towns on their way to the U.S. Results indicate the bill’s passage reduced the flow of undocumented immigrants into Arizona by 30 to 70 percent, suggesting that undocumented workers from Mexico are responsive to changes in state Immigration policy. In contrast, we find no evidence that the law induced undocumented immigrants already in Arizona to return to Mexico.
