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Kreutz Adrian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recapture, Transparency, Negation and a Logic for the Catuṣkoṭi
SJSU ScholarWorks, 2019Co-Authors: Kreutz AdrianAbstract:The recent literature on Nāgārjuna’s catuṣkoṭi centres around Jay Garfield’s (2009) and Graham Priest’s (2010) interpretation. It is an open discussion to what extent their interpretation is an adequate model of the logic for the catuskoti, and the Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā. Priest and Garfield try to make sense of the contradictions within the catuskoti by appeal to a series of lattices – orderings of truth-values, supposed to model the path to enlightenment. They use Anderson & Belnaps\u27s (1975) framework of First Degree Entailment. Cotnoir (2015) has argued that the lattices of Priest and Garfield cannot ground the logic of the catuskoti. The concern is simple: on the one hand, FDE brings with it the failure of classical principles such as modus ponens. On the other hand, we frequently encounter Nāgārjuna using classical principles in other arguments in the MMK. There is a problem of validity. If FDE is Nāgārjuna’s logic of choice, he is facing what is commonly called the classical recapture problem: how to make sense of cases where classical principles like modus pones are valid? One cannot just add principles like modus pones as assumptions, because in the background paraconsistent logic this does not rule out their negations. In this essay, I shall explore and critically evaluate Cotnoir’s proposal. In detail, I shall reveal that his framework suffers collapse of the kotis. Taking Cotnoir’s concerns seriously, I shall suggest a formulation of the catuskoti in classical Boolean Algebra, extended by the notion of an external negation as an Illocutionary Act. I will focus on purely formal considerations, leaving doctrinal matters to the scholarly discourse – as far as this is possible
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Recapture, Transparency, Negation and a Logic for the Catuskoti
2019Co-Authors: Kreutz AdrianAbstract:The recent literature on Nāgārjuna’s catuṣkoṭi centres around Jay Garfield’s (2009) and Graham Priest’s (2010) interpretation. It is an open discussion to what extent their interpretation is an adequate model of the logic for the catuskoti, and the Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā. Priest and Garfield try to make sense of the contradictions within the catuskoti by appeal to a series of lattices – orderings of truth-values, supposed to model the path to enlightenment. They use Anderson & Belnaps's (1975) framework of First Degree Entailment. Cotnoir (2015) has argued that the lattices of Priest and Garfield cannot ground the logic of the catuskoti. The concern is simple: on the one hand, FDE brings with it the failure of classical principles such as modus ponens. On the other hand, we frequently encounter Nāgārjuna using classical principles in other arguments in the MMK. There is a problem of validity. If FDE is Nāgārjuna’s logic of choice, he is facing what is commonly called the classical recapture problem: how to make sense of cases where classical principles like modus pones are valid? One cannot just add principles like modus ponens as assumptions, because in the background paraconsistent logic this does not rule out their negations. In this essay, I shall explore and critically evaluate Cotnoir’s proposal. In detail, I shall reveal that his framework suffers collapse of the kotis. Furthermore, I shall argue that the Collapse Argument has been misguided from the outset. The last chapter suggests a formulation of the catuskoti in classical Boolean Algebra, extended by the notion of an external negation as an Illocutionary Act. I will focus on purely formal considerations, leaving doctrinal matters to the scholarly discourse – as far as this is possible
Khasanah Ismatul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SPEECH Act ANALYISIS OF JACINDA ARDERN ABOUT COVID-19
'Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar', 2020Co-Authors: Attamimy, Husein Furqani, Junining Esti, Khasanah IsmatulAbstract:This study attempts to analyze the Illocutionary Act of Jacinda Ardern speech by using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The data of this study is a video transcript of Jacinda Ardern’s speech on policies regarding Covid-19 which she delivered on Mar 22, 2020. The data analysis of the study is a descriptive study using Fairclough’s theory of discourse analysis. The result shows that it is known that the types of speech used in Ardern’s speech are representative and commissive Illocutionary speech. From the point of view of Fairclough’s discourse analysis, Ardern’s utterances tend to use language that is straightforward, concise and easy to understand. Her utterances do not use figurative language that might be used to disguise the real language of the situation at hand. The language used by Ardern tends to be straightforward and reveal fActs that occur in the field and provide sufficient explanation for the consequences that will occur in the future. However, on the other hand, she can choose good words so that people’s worries do not get bigger. She can also control and reduce public concern by giving a statement about the Actions that the government will take to tackle the coronavirus.
Sa'adah, Nika Lailatul Nur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Illocutionary Act in The Main CharActers’ Utterances in The Jungle Book Movie
2021Co-Authors: Sa'adah, Nika Lailatul NurAbstract:ENGLISH : This research analyzes the Illocutionary speech Act used in The Jungle Book movie. There are three points of this research, namely to identify the types of Illocutionary speech Act, to reveal the objectives, and to analyse the context of Illocutionary speech Act used in The Jungle Book movie. The research method used was the qualitative-descriptive method with pragmatics approach. The data collection in this research was done by dialogue transcription then the data were classified based on types of Illocutionary speech Act based on the theory of Austin‟s theory (1962). To analyze the data, she classified the data based on the types of Illocutionary speech Act, analyzed and described the data by using the Austin‟s theory (1962). Finally, she concluded the result of the analysis. The research found that the use of Illocutionary speech Act happened in many contexts and was influenced by a certain situation. All the Illocutionary speech Acts were used because there were fActors like the event that had known by the interlocutor and the interlocutor could perform what the speaker wanted. There were five types of Illocutionary speech Acts, namely: representative, commissive, expressive, directive, and declarative with two forms of direct and indirect expression used by the charActers. In addition, it was also found that Illocutionary speech Acts were used to make the speaker easier to convey what he wanted. This phenomenon happened because the speech partners had understood the speaker's intent based on the context. Meanwhile, the context of Illocutionary speech Acts in the Jungle Book movie had been understood by the speaker and interlocutor in particular, generally in the forest areas or in certain situations. INDONESIA : Penelitian ini meneliti tentang tindak tutur ilokusi yang digunakan dalam film The Jungle Book. Ada tiga pokok dalam penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi tipe- tipe tindak tutur ilokusi, mencari tujuan-tujuan tindak tutur ilokusi, dan menganalisis konteks tindak tutur yang digunakan dalam film The Jungle Book. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan pragmatik. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan transkripsi dialog kemudian data diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jenis tindak tutur ilokusi berdasarkan teori milik Austin (1962). Untuk menganalisis data, peneliti mengklasifikasikan data berdasarkan jenis tindak tutur ilokusi, menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan data dengan menggunakan teori Austin (1962). Akhirnya, peneliti menyimpulkan hasil analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tindak tutur ilokusi terjadi dalam banyak konteks dan dipengaruhi oleh situasi tertentu. Semua tindak tutur ilokusi digunakan karena ada beberapa faktor seperti kejadian yang sudah diketahui oleh interlokutor dan tentu interlokutor bisa melakukan apa yang pembicara inginkan. Penelitian ini menemukan lima tipe tindak tutur ilokusi, yaitu: representatif, komisif, ekspresif, direktif, dan deklaratif dengan dua bentuk ungkapan langsung dan tidak langsung. Selain itu juga ditemukan bahwa tindak tutur ilokusi digunakan dengan maksud agar penutur mudah untuk menyampaikan apa yang diinginkan, hal ini dilakukan karena mitra tutur sudah memahami maksud penutur sesuai dengan konteksnya. Sedangkan konteks penggunaan tindak tutur ilokusi dalam film The Jungle Book sudah dipahami oleh penutur dan mitra tutur khususnya, baik yang secara umum terjadi di area hutan ARABIC : سيبحث هذا البحث في أفعال الخطاب الخطابي المستخدمة في فيلم .The Jungle Book هناك ثلاث نقاط رئيسية في هذا البحث، وهي تحديد الأنواع ، وكشف الأهداف، وتحليل سياق أفعال الكلام المستخدمة في فيلم .The Jungle Book تعتبر أفعال الكلام المنال جزءًا من نظرية فعل الكلام في الدراسات البراغماتية. ستحلل هذه الدراسة أفعال الكلام المستخدمة في فيلم.The Jungle Book يتم تحليل البيانات التي تم تجميعها من خلال فهمها مسبقًا والتكيف مع نظرية أوستن لأفعال الكلام. يستخدم هذا البحث مناهج بحثية وصفية نوعية بمقاربة براغماتية. وفي الوقت نفسه، تم جمع البيانات في هذه الدراسة عن طريق نسخ الحوار، ثم تم تجميعها بناءً على طريقة جمع البيانات والنظرية المستخدمة، وهي أفعال الكلام التنبيهية من وجهة نظر أوستن. تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن استخدام أفعال الكلام الإنذاري يحدث في سياقات عديدة ويتأثر ببعض المواقف. يتم استخدام جميع أفعال الكلام الإرشادي نظرًا لوجود العديد من العوامل مثل الأحداث المعروفة بالفعل للمحاور وبالطبع يمكن للمحاور أن يفعل ما يريده المتحدث. وجد هذا البحث خمسة أنواع من أفعال الكلام الخطابي، وهي: تمثيلية، مفوضة، تعبيرية، توجيهية، تصريحية مع شكلين من أشكال التعبير المباشر وغير المباشر. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، وُجد أيضًا أن أفعال الكلام الإنذاري تم استخدامها بقصد تسهيل نقل ما يريده المتحدث ، وقد تم ذلك لأن شركاء الكلام - بالطبع - فهموا بالفعل نية المتحدث وفقًا للسياق. وفي الوقت نفسه، فإن السياق الذي يتم فيه استخدام الكلام الإلهي في فيلم The Jungle Book مفهوم بالفعلمن قبل المتحدثين وشركاء الكلام على وجه الخصوص إما بشكل عام في مناطق الغابات أو في مواقف معينة
Darmayanti Nani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM PIDATO RIDWAN KAMIL PADA ACARA BUKATALKS: SUATU KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Metabasa: Jurnal Bahasa Sastra dan Pembelajaran, 2021Co-Authors: Munandar Ilham, Darmayanti NaniAbstract:Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang tindak tutur ilokusi yang digunakan oleh Ridwan Kamil dalam pidato pada acara BukaTalks. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi yang digunakan oleh Ridwan Kamil dalam pidatonya pada acara BukaTalks. Sumber data diperoleh dari pidato Ridwan Kamil pada acara Bukatalks dengan tema “Ayo Pemudi Pemuda, Bangun Bangsa” di kanal YouTube Bukalapak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teori tindak tutur ilokusi yang dikembangkan oleh Searle digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menganalisis data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan tiga jenis tindak tutur ilokusi yang digunakan Ridwan Kamil dalam pidatonya pada acara BukaTalks, di antaranya 1) tindak tutur asertif dengan fungsi tuturan menunjukkan, melaporkan, menyatakan, dan mengakui; 2) tuturan direktif dengan fungsi tuturan mendoakan, melarang, meminta, memerintah, menyuruh, dan mengajak; dan 3) tuturan ekspresif dengan fungsi tuturan mendoakan, mengeluh, memuji, berterima kasih, dan mengucapkan salam. Kata kunci: tindak tutur ilokusi, pidato, Ridwan Kamil ABSTRActThis research discusses about Illocutionary Acts used in Ridwan Kamil’s speech at BukaTalks’ event. This research aim to describe the type of Illocutionary Acts used in Ridwan Kamil’s speech at BukaTalks’ event. The data source is collected from Ridwan Kamil’s speech in BukaTalks’ event with “Ayo Pemudi Pemuda, Bangun Bangsa” theme at Bukalapak’s youtube channel. The research method is using descriptive qualitative. The theory of Illocutionary Act developed by Searle is used as reference to analyze the data. Based on the result, there are three types of Illocutionary Acts used in Ridwan Kamil’s speech at BukaTalks event, 1) assertives with show, report, assert, and admit speech function;2) directives with pray, forbid, ask, command, order, and invite speech function; and 3) expressive with pray, beef, praise, thank, and welcome. Keywords: illocutinary Acts, speech, Ridwan Kami
Nirmala Deli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assertive Illocutionary Acts of Zakir Naik in General Lecture on Similarities between Christianity and Islam
Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural Literary and Linguistic Studies, 2021Co-Authors: Kusumah, Febriant Argadie, Nirmala DeliAbstract:This study analyzes the assertive Illocutionary speech Acts used by the Indian preacher, Zakir Naik in interfaith studies. This study identifies the types of assertive Illocutionary speech Acts used by Zakir Naik, then analyzes the findings of assertive Illocutionary speech Acts based on the felicity conditions and IFIDs (Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices). The author uses a qualitative descriptive research method. In analyzing the data findings, the writer uses speech Act theory. The findings of this study are that there are three kinds of assertive Illocutionary speech Acts, namely: quoting, stating and informing which are used by Zakir Naik in his religious lectures and quoting techniques tend to be used more by lecturers.Keywords: speech Act; assertive Illocutionary Act; Zakir Nai
