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Santos, Jazon Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ligação não-seletiva de subjuntivos : suas implicações na gramatica
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Santos, Jazon Da SilvaAbstract:Orientador: Charlotte Chambelland GalvesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: Este trabalho focaliza fenômenos lingüísticos existentes em complementos oracionais que apresentam problemas para a Teoria da Gramática Gerativa, tanto no modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros como no Minimalista. Alguns complementos expressos no modo subjuntivo mostram-se transparentes a elementos de sua oração matriz, como aqueles de verbos como querer, cujos sujeitos pronominais sofrem a restrição de serem disjuntos em referência do sujeito principal (efeito-SDR) - algo não previsto pelo princípio B da Teoria da Ligação (Chomsky, 1981/1993), já que tais orações, assim como as no indicativo, possuem tanto um SUJEITO acessível como um regente para o sujeito pronominal encaixado. Esses complementos ainda exibem um quadro temporal aparentemente dependente do da oração principal. Ao invés de perseguir uma análise unificada para os dois fenômenos, argumento contra uma tal análise, relacionando o efeito-SDR a dois outros fenômenos: a possível extração-QU a partir dos complementos citados e a partir de complementos de verbos como achar, acreditar (estejam eles no subjuntivo ou no indicativo) mas não de complementos de verbos como lamentar (também expressos no subjuntivo); e a possibilidade de operadores na principal "licenciarem" itens de polaridade (negativa) em complementos de achar, acreditar (apenas se expressos no subjuntivo, no italiano e no espanhol), mas também não em complementos de lamentar. A (direção para a) análise unificada desses três fatos, proposta neste estudo, baseia-se no tratamento dos tempos subjuntivos como indefinidos que, assim como suas contrapartes nominais (os NP indefinidos), precisam ser ligados por algum operador, visto que indefinidos correspondem a variáveis livres em níveis semânticos (Lewis, 1975; Heim, 1981; Diesing, 1992). Com base na semântica dos complementos estudados, sugiro a existência de diferentes COMPs: quando estes se constituem, em operadores capazes de ligar o subjuntivo, o complemento apresenta um comportamento de oração Independente, no sentido em que não se mostra transparente a elementos da principal, ou apenas se mostram parcialmente transparentes. Quando não há um desses COMPs disponível, algum elemento na principal liga o subjuntivo, fazendo com que o domínio de ligação de um pronome seja extendido, e ainda permitindo que itens polares no complemento possam ser licenciados por elementos principais e que elementos-QU sejam extraídosAbstract: This work focuses on linguistic phenomena in sentential complements that present problems for the Generativist Grammar Theory, for both Principles and Parameters and Minimalist models. Some complements spelled out in the subjunctive mood are transparent for elements in their main Clauses, such as those of verbs as querer (wish), whose pronominals subjects must be disjoint in reference from the main subject (restriction refered to as SDR-effect). This is not predicted by principle B of Binding Theory (Chomsky, 1981/1993), since these sentences, just as those expressed in the indicative mood, display both an accessible SUBJECT and a governor for their subject. Furthermore, these complements show a temporal frame apparently dependent on the main Clause one. Instead of trying a unified analysis for these two phenomena, largue against such an analysis, relating the SDR-effect to other two phenomena: 1) the possible WH-extractions from the just refered complements and also from the indicative and subjunctive complements of verbs as achar (thinklconsider), acreditar (believe), and 2) the possibility of main operators to license (negative) polarity items in these same complements, but only when expressed in the subjunctive. Crucially, these two phenomena are not found in complements of verbs as lamentar even though they also are expressed in the subjunctive mood. The (direction for a) unified analysis for these three facts, which I propose in this study, is based on the treatment of subjunctives as indefinite tenses which, parallel to their nominal counterparts (the indefinite NPs), must be bound for some operator, for indefinites correspond to free variables in semantic levels (Lewis, 1975; Heim, 1981; Diesing, 1992). Then, based on the semantics of the studied complements, I suggest the existence of different COMPs: when they can bind the subjunctive, the complement Clause behaves like an Independent Clause, in the sense that it is not transparent to elements in the main Clause, or sometimes only partially transparent. When there is no such a COMP available, some element binds the subjunctive from the mam Clause, extending the binding domain of pronouns and allowing embedded polarity items licensed by main operators and WH-extractionMestradoMestre em Linguístic
Jazon Da Silva Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ligação não-seletiva de subjuntivos : suas implicações na gramatica
2017Co-Authors: Jazon Da Silva SantosAbstract:Resumo: Este trabalho focaliza fenômenos lingüísticos existentes em complementos oracionais que apresentam problemas para a Teoria da Gramática Gerativa, tanto no modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros como no Minimalista. Alguns complementos expressos no modo subjuntivo mostram-se transparentes a elementos de sua oração matriz, como aqueles de verbos como querer, cujos sujeitos pronominais sofrem a restrição de serem disjuntos em referência do sujeito principal (efeito-SDR) - algo não previsto pelo princípio B da Teoria da Ligação (Chomsky, 1981/1993), já que tais orações, assim como as no indicativo, possuem tanto um SUJEITO acessível como um regente para o sujeito pronominal encaixado. Esses complementos ainda exibem um quadro temporal aparentemente dependente do da oração principal. Ao invés de perseguir uma análise unificada para os dois fenômenos, argumento contra uma tal análise, relacionando o efeito-SDR a dois outros fenômenos: a possível extração-QU a partir dos complementos citados e a partir de complementos de verbos como achar, acreditar (estejam eles no subjuntivo ou no indicativo) mas não de complementos de verbos como lamentar (também expressos no subjuntivo); e a possibilidade de operadores na principal "licenciarem" itens de polaridade (negativa) em complementos de achar, acreditar (apenas se expressos no subjuntivo, no italiano e no espanhol), mas também não em complementos de lamentar. A (direção para a) análise unificada desses três fatos, proposta neste estudo, baseia-se no tratamento dos tempos subjuntivos como indefinidos que, assim como suas contrapartes nominais (os NP indefinidos), precisam ser ligados por algum operador, visto que indefinidos correspondem a variáveis livres em níveis semânticos (Lewis, 1975; Heim, 1981; Diesing, 1992). Com base na semântica dos complementos estudados, sugiro a existência de diferentes COMPs: quando estes se constituem, em operadores capazes de ligar o subjuntivo, o complemento apresenta um comportamento de oração Independente, no sentido em que não se mostra transparente a elementos da principal, ou apenas se mostram parcialmente transparentes. Quando não há um desses COMPs disponível, algum elemento na principal liga o subjuntivo, fazendo com que o domínio de ligação de um pronome seja extendido, e ainda permitindo que itens polares no complemento possam ser licenciados por elementos principais e que elementos-QU sejam extraídos.Abstract: This work focuses on linguistic phenomena in sentential complements that present problems for the Generativist Grammar Theory, for both Principles and Parameters and Minimalist models. Some complements spelled out in the subjunctive mood are transparent for elements in their main Clauses, such as those of verbs as querer (wish), whose pronominals subjects must be disjoint in reference from the main subject (restriction refered to as SDR-effect). This is not predicted by principle B of Binding Theory (Chomsky, 1981/1993), since these sentences, just as those expressed in the indicative mood, display both an accessible SUBJECT and a governor for their subject. Furthermore, these complements show a temporal frame apparently dependent on the main Clause one. Instead of trying a unified analysis for these two phenomena, largue against such an analysis, relating the SDR-effect to other two phenomena: 1) the possible WH-extractions from the just refered complements and also from the indicative and subjunctive complements of verbs as achar (thinklconsider), acreditar (believe), and 2) the possibility of main operators to license (negative) polarity items in these same complements, but only when expressed in the subjunctive. Crucially, these two phenomena are not found in complements of verbs as lamentar even though they also are expressed in the subjunctive mood. The (direction for a) unified analysis for these three facts, which I propose in this study, is based on the treatment of subjunctives as indefinite tenses which, parallel to their nominal counterparts (the indefinite NPs), must be bound for some operator, for indefinites correspond to free variables in semantic levels (Lewis, 1975; Heim, 1981; Diesing, 1992). Then, based on the semantics of the studied complements, I suggest the existence of different COMPs: when they can bind the subjunctive, the complement Clause behaves like an Independent Clause, in the sense that it is not transparent to elements in the main Clause, or sometimes only partially transparent. When there is no such a COMP available, some element binds the subjunctive from the mam Clause, extending the binding domain of pronouns and allowing embedded polarity items licensed by main operators and WH-extraction
Etsuyo Yuasa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pseudo Independent Clause constructional mismatch in syntax and semantics
Language Sciences, 2005Co-Authors: Etsuyo YuasaAbstract:Abstract Culicover and Jackendoff (1997) examine the pseudo-coordinate conditional (e.g., you drink another can of beer, and I am leaving ) and conclude that (1) syntax and semantics are autonomous levels of grammar, and (2) binding and quantificational effects should be treated in semantics. This paper examines an idiosyncratic construction in Japanese that appears to have mixed properties of simple Independent Clauses and subordinate (restrictive relative) Clauses. A close examination of this Japanese construction reveals that Culicover and Jackendoff’s analysis on coordination-subordination mismatches can be extended to include mismatches between Independent and subordinate Clauses.
Manerova, Kristina Valerievna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Constructive formalization of phraseoreflexes Gott weiß / weiß Gott in German
'Saint Petersburg State University', 2019Co-Authors: Manerova, Kristina ValerievnaAbstract:The paper explores the mechanism of meaning ambiguity as illustrated by the German idiomconstructions Gott weiß / weiß Gott, using the methods of Ch. Fillmore’s construction grammar (C×G). The phraseoreflexes Gott weiß / weiß Gott are phraseological unit with a low degree of idiomaticity, with a stable, yet variable, composition, with a regular syntactic structure making it possible to define them a bigrammatical constructions. Syntactic elements such as actants and syntagms may complement the idiom-constructions Gott weiß / weiß Gott in the “minor syntax” category. The semantic meaning of the Gott weiß / weiß Gott slots changes depending on their type of syntactic complement. Incorporating the said phraseoreflexes as slots such as a simple sentence, an Independent Clause or a parenthesis into larger constructions makes them reveal their meaning ambiguity. The meaning ambiguity of the German phraseoreflexes Gott weiß / weiß Gott is combined with distributive elements: the semantics (Sem) of the Gott weiß / weiß Gott slots changes depending on the type of the subordinate Clause as their syntactic complement such as constructions with ob-Clauses or the so-called w-Clauses as a parenthesis or object dass-Clauses. The phraseoreflex weiß Gott comprises the same “confirming” implicature used as an argument. The German phraseoreflexes Gott weiß / weiß Gott are examined in 101 contexts. The modification of a linguistic unit’s semantics becomes obvious when it is analyzed using the C×G methodology. This paper does not explore religious text types.Исследование выполнено в рамках исполнения НИР по мероприятию «Совместная про- грамма СПбГУ и DAAD “Дмитрий Менделеев”» 2016/17 в СПбГУ
Leonard J Abbeduto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spoken language outcome measures for treatment studies in down syndrome feasibility practice effects test retest reliability and construct validity of variables generated from expressive language sampling
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2021Co-Authors: Angela John Thurman, Jamie O Edgin, Stephanie L Sherman, Audra Sterling, Andrea Mcduffie, Elizabeth Berrykravis, Debra Hamilton, Leonard J AbbedutoAbstract:BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate expressive language sampling (ELS) as a procedure for generating spoken language outcome measures for treatment research in Down syndrome (DS). We addressed (a) feasibility, (b) practice effects across two short-term administrations, (c) test-retest reliability across two short-term administrations, (d) convergent and discriminant construct validity, and (e) considered comparisons across the conversation and narration contexts. METHOD Participants were 107 individuals with DS between 6 and 23 years of age who presented with intellectual disability (IQ < 70). The utility of ELS procedures designed to collect samples of spoken language in conversation and narration were evaluated separately. Variables of talkativeness, vocabulary, syntax, utterance planning, and articulation quality, derived from transcripts segmented into C-units (i.e., an Independent Clause and its modifiers), were considered. A 4-week interval was used to assess practice effects and test-retest reliability. Standardized direct assessments and informant report measures were collected to evaluate construct validity of the ELS variables. RESULTS Low rates of noncompliance were observed; youth who were under 12 years of age, had phrase-level speech or less, and had a 4-year-old developmental level or less were at particular risk for experiencing difficulty completing the ELS procedures. Minimal practice effects and strong test-retest reliability across the 4-week test-retest interval was observed. The vocabulary, syntax, and speech intelligibility variables demonstrated strong convergent and discriminant validity. Although significant correlations were found between the variables derived from both the conversation and narration contexts, some differences were noted. CONCLUSION The ELS procedures considered were feasible and yielded variables with adequate psychometric properties for most individuals with DS between 6 and 23 years old. That said, studies of outcome measures appropriate for individuals with DS with more limited spoken language skills are needed. Context differences were observed in ELS variables suggest that comprehensive evaluation of expressive language is likely best obtained when utilizing both contexts.
