The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Flemming Scheutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz, Peter Gernersmidt
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. RESULTS: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodborne. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country commentary
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kenrad Edwin Nelson, Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz
    Abstract:

    Background: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. Results: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. Conclusions: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodbome. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

Steen Ethelberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz, Peter Gernersmidt
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. RESULTS: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodborne. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country commentary
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kenrad Edwin Nelson, Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz
    Abstract:

    Background: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. Results: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. Conclusions: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodbome. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

Kenrad Edwin Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diarrhea among young children in an Industrialized Country
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kenrad Edwin Nelson
    Abstract:

    Acute diarrheal disease among children younger than 5 remains a major cause of Al.morbidity and mortality worldwide. An Expert Committee of the World Health Organization recently estimated that diarrhea causes 18% of the 11 million deaths among children younger than the age of 5 years in the world, nearly tied with pneumonia (19%) as the leading cause of death.1 Severe infectious diarrhea in children occurs most frequently under circumstances of poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, inadequate water supplies, and poverty. This is not to say that the problem occurs only in developing countries. Childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries is prevalent (at least 1 to 3 episodes per child per year) and has large economic costs. In developed countries, childhood diarrhea has been linked with daycare attendance, lack of breast-feeding, contact with symptomatic persons in the home or elsewhere, and exposure to contaminated food and water. However, there are few comprehensive studies of the epidemiology and microbiology of diarrheal disease in Industrialized countries. Such data could be a valuable contribution to the development of public health prevention programs. In this issue, researchers from Denmark report the results of a case-control study of diarrheal disease among children younger than 5 years of age.2 Among the risk factors in this well-off population were contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), contact with a dog with diarrhea, hospitalization, consumption of formula milk (which was likely a surrogate for the absence of breast-feeding), socioeconomic status, and foreign travel. Bacterial diarrhea was specifically associated with foreign travel in the past 7 days, hospitalization in the past 2 weeks, and lower socioeconomic status. Diarrhea of viral etiology was associated with contact with ill persons in the past 2 weeks, hospitalization in the past 2 weeks, or a diagnosis of asthma. The authors conclude that bacterial diarrhea is primarily acquired by food or water, whereas viral diarrhea is primarily spread by direct contact with ill persons. In another report from this study, Rotavirus infection was the most important single cause of diarrhea for those who acquired their infection within Denmark, whereas Salmonella, Escherichia coli organisms (ETEC, EPEC, EAggEC), and Cryptosporidium were associated with diarrhea acquired during foreign travel.3 The present analysis2 focuses on the subset of children with diarrhea severe enough to visit a physician and have a culture sent to a laboratory. This emphasis provides direct guidance for public health programs needed to reduce childhood diarrhea in a developed Country. A particular target should be daycare. There has been a dramatic increase in the use of daycare in recent decades in the United States and Western Europe, necessitated by the increased employment of women and the rise in single-parent households. Reliance on daycare has substantially increased the incidence of childhood diarrhea and respiratory

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country commentary
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kenrad Edwin Nelson, Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz
    Abstract:

    Background: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. Results: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. Conclusions: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodbome. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

Peter Gernersmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz, Peter Gernersmidt
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. RESULTS: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodborne. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

Katharina E P Olsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz, Peter Gernersmidt
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. RESULTS: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodborne. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.

  • risk factors for diarrhea among children in an Industrialized Country commentary
    Epidemiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kenrad Edwin Nelson, Steen Ethelberg, Bente Olesen, Jacob Neimann, Peter Schiellerup, Morten Helms, C Jensen, Blenda Bottiger, Katharina E P Olsen, Flemming Scheutz
    Abstract:

    Background: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in Industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background population using a population register. Parents were interviewed about possible exposures and underlying conditions. In addition, stool samples from both cases and controls were analyzed for viruses, parasites, and bacteria. We analyzed risk factors for diarrhea in general and for diarrhea of a viral, bacterial, or "unknown" etiology using logistic regression. Results: The following factors were independently associated with an increased risk of diarrhea: recent foreign travel, contact with symptomatic persons (particularly in daycare centers), hospitalization, contact with a dog with diarrhea, private daycare, consumption of products containing formula milk, unemployment and low educational status of parents, and prior diagnosis of several types of atopic diseases. In a pathogenic-specific analysis of diarrhea of bacterial (73 patients), viral (88), or "unknown" (222) etiology, the major risk factor for viral diarrhea was contact with symptomatic persons. For bacterial diarrhea, foreign travel and socioeconomic factors were the main risk factors. Conclusions: Viral diarrhea appears to be transmitted predominantly from person to person, whereas bacterial diarrhea appears to be primarily foodbome. A substantial portion of the diarrheal episodes may be of noninfectious etiology. Limiting child-to-child transmission of disease in daycare centers may substantially reduce the disease burden.