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Andrea L Baden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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profiling Caregivers hormonal variation underlying allomaternal Care in wild red bellied lemurs eulemur rubriventer
2018Co-Authors: Stacey R Tecot, Andrea L BadenAbstract:Abstract Neuroendocrine evidence suggests that paternal Care is mediated by hormonal mechanisms, where hormonal changes in expectant and new fathers facilitate Infant Care. In species with obligate and extensive paternal Care such as humans, androgen levels decline once males are paired and have offspring, and in direct response to offspring Care. Facultative Infant Care is widespread in the Order Primates, but the underlying hormonal mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that wild, red-bellied lemurs living in family groups (two adults and their presumed offspring) varied in the amount of Care they provided Infants. The more fathers invested in helping Infants (measured as a composite of carrying, holding, huddling, grooming, and playing), and specifically the more they huddled and groomed with Infants, the higher their fecal androgen (fA) levels, contrary to expectations. Carrying was negatively related to fA levels. Helping by subadults and juveniles was not related to their own fA levels. Elevated fA levels during Infant dependence have been observed in other vertebrate species, and are thought to reflect reinvestment in mating rather than investment in dependent offspring. However, red-bellied lemurs do not mate until after Infants are weaned, and they have long-term pair-bonds, suggesting that elevated fA levels play a role in offspring Care. These results support a growing body of research suggesting that elevated androgen levels do not inhibit protective Infant Care.
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communal nesting kinship and maternal success in a social primate
2013Co-Authors: Andrea L Baden, Patricia C Wright, Edward E Louis, Brenda J BradleyAbstract:Communal nesting, where several mothers regularly pool and cooperatively rear offspring, is unusual in mammals. This type of creching behavior is especially rare among primates, with the notable exceptions of humans, some nocturnal strepsirrhines, and—as we show in this study—black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Here, we combine data on nesting behavior, genetic relatedness, and Infant survivorship to describe variation in ruffed lemur Infant Care and to examine the potential benefits of ruffed lemur communal breeding. Reproductive events were rare, and females produced litters (synchronously) only once in 6 years of observation. We show that not all mothers participate in communal creches, but those that did had greater maternal success; communal breeders spent more time feeding and their offspring were more likely to survive. Although cooperating mothers were often related, females also cooperated with non-kin, and those who shared Infant Care responsibilities had greater maternal success than mothers who did not participate. If there is indeed a causal link between maternal cooperation and reproductive success, this unusual behavior, like that of human communal rearing, may have evolved via some combination of kin selection and mutualism.
Leslie J Digby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infant Care Infanticide and female reproductive strategies in polygynous groups of common marmosets callithrix jacchus
1995Co-Authors: Leslie J DigbyAbstract:Reproduction in marmoset and tamarin groups is typically restricted to a single dominant female, but it is unclear why subordinate females tolerate delayed reproduction. The presence of two breeding females in free-ranging groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) presented a unique opportunity to examine differences in the reproductive strategies of dominant and subordinate females. Three groups were monitored for 12–18 months at a forest reserve in northeastern Brazil. Data on Infant Care were collected during two consecutive all-day follows every 10 days until the Infants were 2 months old. Carrying patterns for Infants born to dominant females were similar to those observed in groups containing a single breeding female. All group members over 5 months of age participated in Infant Care, and dominant females allowed some group members to carry their Infants from the 1 st day of life. In contrast, subordinate females were protective of their offspring and were their sole Caretakers for at least a week following birth. One Infant born to a subordinate was killed in an attack involving the dominant female. Overall, dominant females gave birth to more Infants and had higher Infant survival than did subordinate breeding females. subordinate females were successful in rearing young only when the timing of births was such that they did not overlap with the dependency period of Infants born to the dominant female. These patterns suggest that subordinate females may face resource competition, especially over access to helpers. In times of severe competition, subordinate females that delay reproduction may be avoiding a wasted reproductive effort.
Charles T. Snowdon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sexual communication between breeding male and female cotton top tamarins saguinus oedipus and its relationship to Infant Care
2004Co-Authors: Toni E Ziegler, Steve Jacoris, Charles T. SnowdonAbstract:Male cotton-top tamarins have been shown to be responsive to female scent cues of ovulation, and are known to actively participate in Infant Care during the time when their mates are fertile. We measured urinary androgen levels and glucocorticoids in seven father tamarins for the first month following the birth of Infants to determine 1) whether male tamarins showed an androgen response to their mate's postpartum ovulation, 2) when androgens rise relative to ovulation, 3) whether there is a glucocorticoid response, and 4) whether males alter their parenting behavior during their mate's receptive period. All of the males showed a significant increase in urinary androgens prior to the female's postpartum LH peak, which indicated ovulation. The hormonal increase, which included estradiol, occurred 3-7 days prior to the female's LH peak at a time that coincided with the female's follicular period. Corticosterone levels also peaked during that time, but did not correlate with androgen changes. Fathers did not alter their daily Infant-carrying patterns relative to the androgen increase or at the time of the mate's LH peak. We conclude that male cotton-top tamarins experience an increase in androgens that coincides with their mate's postpartum ovulation, which ensures optimal fertility. However, this sexual communication does not alter father-Infant interactions, which already occur at a high rate in this species.
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social communication about unpalatable foods in tamarins saguinus oedipus
2003Co-Authors: Charles T. Snowdon, Carla Y BoeAbstract:Many monkeys show social facilitation in sampling novel, palatable foods but not in avoiding unpalatable foods. Cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) socially learned to avoid a preferred food when it was made unpalatable but showed no aversion toward a food not made unpalatable. Only 33% sampled unpalatable tuna, and few sampled it again. In 3 of 8 groups, the socially induced aversion was long lasting, at least 15 weeks after food was made palatable again. Potential cues include facial reactions of disgust, alarm-call vocalizations, and reduction in food-associated calls. Behavioral coordination in cooperative Infant Care, communication about food, and well-established social relationships may explain social avoidance of unpalatable foods in tamarins and the absence of social avoidance in less cooperative species.
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parental Care patterns and vigilance in wild cotton top tamarins saguinus oedipus
1996Co-Authors: Anne Savage, Charles T. Snowdon, Humberto L Giraldo, Luis H SotoAbstract:The relationship between callitrichid Infants and their Caregivers has been a topic of extensive study in both the field and the laboratory for the past decade. Although there is extensive information on Infant Care in captive callitrichids, in only a few cases is direct comparison of the behavior of Caregivers and Infants in natural habitats and captivity possible for the same species.
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parental Care evolution mechanisms and adaptive significance
1996Co-Authors: Jay S Rosenblatt, Charles T. SnowdonAbstract:Parental Care in invertebrates, S.T. Trumbo cause and effect of parental Care in fishes - an epigenetic perspective, S.S. Crawford and E.K. Balon parental Care among the amphibia, M.I. Crump parental behaviour among the reptilia, C. Gans neural and hormonal control of parental behaviour in birds, J.C. Buntin biochemical basis of parental behaviour in the rat, R.S. Bridges somatosensation and maternal Care in Norway rats, J.M. Stern experiential factors in postpartum regulation of maternal Care, A.S. Fleming, H.D. Morgan, and C. Walsh maternal behaviour in rabbits - a historical and multidisciplinary perspective, G. Gonzalez-Mariscal and J.S. Rosenblatt parental behaviour in voles, Z. Wang and T.R. Insel physiological, sensory, and experiential factors of parental Care in sheep, F. Levy, K.M. Kendrick, E.B. Keverne, R.H. Porter, and A. Romeyer socialization, hormones, and the regulation of maternal behaviour in nonhuman simian primates, C.R. Pryce field studies of parental Care in birds - new data focus questions on variation among females, P.A. Gowaty parental investment in pinnipeds, F. Trillmich individual differences in maternal style - causes and consequences for mothers and offspring, L.A. Fairbanks mother-Infant communication in primates, D. Maestripieri and J. Call Infant Care in co-operatively breeding species, C.T. Snowdon.
Toni E Ziegler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prolactin s mediative role in male parenting in parentally experienced marmosets callithrix jacchus
2009Co-Authors: Toni E Ziegler, Shelley L Prudom, Sofia Refetoff Zahed, A F Parlow, Fredrick WegnerAbstract:Prolactin has been implicated in promoting paternal Care behaviors but little evidence of causality has been found to date except for birds and fish. This study was designed to examine the possible causal relationships between prolactin and male parenting behaviors, reproductive hormones, and physical changes in cooperatively breeding common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. Fifteen parentally experienced fathers were studied over three consecutive Infant Care periods during two weeks prior and three weeks following their mates' parturition under three-treatment conditions: normal control pregnancy, decreased prolactin and elevated prolactin. The treatments significantly altered the serum prolactin levels in the fathers. Using three methods of determining a father's level of parental Care: Infant carrying, family effort and responsiveness to Infant stimulus tests, we found that only the male response to Infant stimuli was altered by the hormone treatments. Lowering prolactin significantly reduced male responsiveness to Infant stimuli but elevating prolactin showed the same effect. Hormonal sampling indicated that testosterone levels showed an inverse relationship to prolactin levels during a normal peripartum period and prolactin treatment reduced this relationship. Prepartum estradiol levels were significantly elevated during the lowered prolactin treatment and estradiol was significantly lowered postpartum with the elevated prolactin treatment. Father's weight decreased significantly by the third week of Infant Care during the normal treatment. Males in the elevated prolactin treatment lost little or no weight from prepartum while in the lowered prolactin treatment showed the most weight loss. The present findings did not distinguish a direct causal relationship of prolactin on behavior in experienced fathers but did find an interaction with other hormones and weight gain.
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sexual communication between breeding male and female cotton top tamarins saguinus oedipus and its relationship to Infant Care
2004Co-Authors: Toni E Ziegler, Steve Jacoris, Charles T. SnowdonAbstract:Male cotton-top tamarins have been shown to be responsive to female scent cues of ovulation, and are known to actively participate in Infant Care during the time when their mates are fertile. We measured urinary androgen levels and glucocorticoids in seven father tamarins for the first month following the birth of Infants to determine 1) whether male tamarins showed an androgen response to their mate's postpartum ovulation, 2) when androgens rise relative to ovulation, 3) whether there is a glucocorticoid response, and 4) whether males alter their parenting behavior during their mate's receptive period. All of the males showed a significant increase in urinary androgens prior to the female's postpartum LH peak, which indicated ovulation. The hormonal increase, which included estradiol, occurred 3-7 days prior to the female's LH peak at a time that coincided with the female's follicular period. Corticosterone levels also peaked during that time, but did not correlate with androgen changes. Fathers did not alter their daily Infant-carrying patterns relative to the androgen increase or at the time of the mate's LH peak. We conclude that male cotton-top tamarins experience an increase in androgens that coincides with their mate's postpartum ovulation, which ensures optimal fertility. However, this sexual communication does not alter father-Infant interactions, which already occur at a high rate in this species.
Stacey R Tecot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multimodal pair bond maintenance a review of signaling across modalities in pair bonded nonhuman primates
2020Co-Authors: Britt Singletary, Stacey R TecotAbstract:Only a handful of primate species exhibit the social relationship of pair-bonding. Efficient communication is critical for behavioral coordination within pair-bonds to maintain proximity and respond appropriately to extra-pair individuals, and possibly coordinate Infant Care. The use of complex signaling across modalities may help individuals improve communicative outcomes. We review many ways that pair-bonded species use signals to communicate and maintain bonds, though little previous research has taken a truly multimodal approach within a single species. We make a call for further investigation into pair-bonded communication using a multimodal approach to better understand how these species use all their senses to build, maintain, and advertise their bonds.
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profiling Caregivers hormonal variation underlying allomaternal Care in wild red bellied lemurs eulemur rubriventer
2018Co-Authors: Stacey R Tecot, Andrea L BadenAbstract:Abstract Neuroendocrine evidence suggests that paternal Care is mediated by hormonal mechanisms, where hormonal changes in expectant and new fathers facilitate Infant Care. In species with obligate and extensive paternal Care such as humans, androgen levels decline once males are paired and have offspring, and in direct response to offspring Care. Facultative Infant Care is widespread in the Order Primates, but the underlying hormonal mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that wild, red-bellied lemurs living in family groups (two adults and their presumed offspring) varied in the amount of Care they provided Infants. The more fathers invested in helping Infants (measured as a composite of carrying, holding, huddling, grooming, and playing), and specifically the more they huddled and groomed with Infants, the higher their fecal androgen (fA) levels, contrary to expectations. Carrying was negatively related to fA levels. Helping by subadults and juveniles was not related to their own fA levels. Elevated fA levels during Infant dependence have been observed in other vertebrate species, and are thought to reflect reinvestment in mating rather than investment in dependent offspring. However, red-bellied lemurs do not mate until after Infants are weaned, and they have long-term pair-bonds, suggesting that elevated fA levels play a role in offspring Care. These results support a growing body of research suggesting that elevated androgen levels do not inhibit protective Infant Care.