The Experts below are selected from a list of 30216 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marina S Boukhvalova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of aging on immunogenicity and efficacy of inactivated Influenza Vaccines in cotton rats sigmodon hispidus
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2020Co-Authors: Marina S Boukhvalova, Emma Mortensen, Aissatou Mbaye, Jamall Mckay, Jorge C G BlancoAbstract:Inactivated Influenza Vaccines are known to be less immunogenic in human elderly in regards to serologic antibody response induced by vaccination. Accumulating evidence, however, points to a comparable effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in the young and the elderly individuals. In the current study, we assessed immunogenicity and effectiveness of trivalent inactivated vaccine FluLaval in young and aged cotton rats Sigmodon hispidus and found that while serologic response to immunization was indeed reduced in older animals, comparable protection against Influenza infection was afforded by prime-boost vaccination in both young and aged cotton rats. Both hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and seroconversion rates were lower in the aged animals compared to the young ones. Reduction of viral load in the lung and nose, however, was comparable between young and aged animals vaccinated twice. One-time immunization with FluLaval was less efficacious at protecting the nose of aged animals, indicating that boosting of preexisting immunity can be particularly important for nasal protection in the elderly. Coincidentally, a one-time immunization with FluLaval had a detrimental effect on pulmonary pathology in the young animals, suggesting that boosting of immunity is essential for the young as well. Overall, these results suggest that reduced antibody response to and sufficient efficacy of Influenza Vaccines in the elderly are not two irreconcilable phenomena and that incomplete immunity to Influenza can be detrimental at any age.
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efficacy of trivalent inactivated Influenza Vaccines in the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus model
Vaccine, 2012Co-Authors: Brian Miles, Rachel Zinsou, Gregory A Prince, Marina S BoukhvalovaAbstract:Annually adjusted inactivated Influenza Vaccines can prevent infection and limit the spread of seasonal Influenza when vaccine strain closely matches circulating strain. For the years when the match is difficult to achieve, a rapid screening of a larger repertoire of Vaccines may be required but is difficult to accomplish due to the lack of a convenient small animal model of seasonal Influenza Vaccines. The goal of this work was to determine whether the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus, a small laboratory animal susceptible to infection with unadapted Influenza viruses, may become such a model. Cotton rats were immunized with a trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) FluLaval (2006/2007) and vaccine immunogenicity and antiviral efficacy was evaluated against the homologous H1N1 and a heterologous H3N2 challenge. FluLaval induced a strong virus-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody response against homologous virus, elicited sterilizing immunity in the lungs and significantly reduced viral replication in the nose of infected animals. FluLaval was efficacious in cotton rats as either a single-time or a double immunization, although higher level of protection of the upper respiratory tract was achieved following two doses of vaccine. Antibodies against a heterologous Influenza strain were induced in FluLaval-vaccinated animals, but vaccine lacked antiviral efficacy and did not reduce replication of a heterologous virus. Similarity of these findings to human TIV data suggests that the cotton rat may prove to be a reliable small animal model of human Influenza Vaccines.
Nancy J Cox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic bases of the temperature sensitive phenotype of a master donor virus used in live attenuated Influenza Vaccines a leningrad 134 17 57 h2n2
Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Irina Isakovasivak, Larisa Rudenko, Irina Kiseleva, Limei Chen, Yumiko Matsuoka, Theo J M Voeten, J G M Heldens, Han Van Den Bosch, Alexander Klimov, Nancy J CoxAbstract:Trivalent live attenuated Influenza Vaccines whose type A components are based on cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (caLen17) master donor virus (MDV) have been successfully used in Russia for decades to control Influenza. The vaccine virus comprises hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the circulating viruses and the remaining six genes from the MDV. The latter confer temperature-sensitive (ts) and attenuated (att) phenotypes. The ts phenotype of the vaccine virus is a critical biological determinant of attenuation of virulence. We developed a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for MDV caLen17 to study the genetic basis of its ts phenotype. Mutations in the polymerase proteins PB1 and PB2 played a crucial role in the ts phenotype of MDV caLen17. In addition, we show that caLen17-specific ts mutations could impart the ts phenotype to the divergent PR8 virus, suggesting the feasibility of transferring the ts phenotype to new viruses of interest for vaccine development.
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Seasonal Influenza Vaccines.
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Anthony E. Fiore, Carolyn B. Bridges, Nancy J CoxAbstract:Influenza Vaccines are the mainstay of efforts to reduce the substantial health burden from seasonal Influenza. Inactivated Influenza Vaccines have been available since the 1940s and are administered via intramuscular injection. Inactivated Vaccines can be given to anyone six months of age or older. Live attenuated, cold-adapted Influenza Vaccines (LAIV) were developed in the 1960s but were not licensed in the United States until 2003, and are administered via nasal spray. Both Vaccines are trivalent preparations grown in eggs and do not contain adjuvants. LAIV is licensed for use in the United States for healthy nonpregnant persons 2–49 years of age.
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anti ganglioside antibody induction by swine a nj 1976 h1n1 and other Influenza Vaccines insights into vaccine associated guillain barre syndrome
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Irving Nachamkin, Sean V Shadomy, Anthony P Moran, Nancy J Cox, Collette Fitzgerald, Huong Ung, Adrian T Corcoran, John K Iskander, Lawrence B Schonberger, Robert T ChenAbstract:Background. Receipt of an A/NJ/1976/H1N1 "swine flu" vaccine in 1976, unlike receipt of Influenza Vaccines used in subsequent years, was strongly associated with the development of the neurologic disorder Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Anti-ganglioside antibodies (e.g., anti-GM 1 ) are associated with the development of GBS, and we hypothesized that the swine flu vaccine contained contaminating moieties (such as Campylobacterjejuni antigens that mimic human gangliosides or other vaccine components) that elicited an anti-GM 1 antibody response in susceptible recipients. Methods. Surviving samples of monovalent and bivalent 1976 vaccine, comprising those from 3 manufacturers and 11 lot numbers, along with several contemporary Vaccines were tested for hemagglutinin (HA) activity, the presence of Campylobacter DNA, and the ability to induce anti-Campylobacter and anti-GM 1 antibodies after inoculation into C3H/HeN mice. Results. We found that, although C. jejuni was not detected in 1976 swine flu Vaccines, these Vaccines induced anti-GM 1 antibodies in mice, as did Vaccines from 1991-1992 and 2004-2005. Preliminary studies suggest that the Influenza HA induces anti-GM 1 antibodies. Conclusions. Influenza Vaccines contain structures that can induce anti-GM 1 antibodies after inoculation into mice. Further research into Influenza vaccine components that elicit anti-ganglioside responses and the role played by these antibodies (if any) in vaccine-associated GBS is warranted.
Eric Claassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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market implementation of the mva platform for pre pandemic and pandemic Influenza Vaccines a quantitative key opinion leader analysis
Vaccine, 2015Co-Authors: Bahar Ramezanpour, Esther Pronker, Joost H C M Kreijtz, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Eric ClaassenAbstract:A quantitative method is presented to rank strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as a platform for pre-pandemic and pandemic Influenza Vaccines. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to achieve pairwise comparisons among SWOT factors in order to prioritize them. Key opinion leaders (KOLs) in the Influenza vaccine field were interviewed to collect a unique dataset to evaluate the market potential of this platform. The purpose of this study, to evaluate commercial potential of the MVA platform for the development of novel generation pandemic Influenza Vaccines, is accomplished by using a SWOT and AHP combined analytic method. Application of the SWOT–AHP model indicates that its strengths are considered more important by KOLs than its weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Particularly, the inherent immunogenicity capability of MVA without the requirement of an adjuvant is the most important factor to increase commercial attractiveness of this platform. Concerns regarding vector Vaccines and anti-vector immunity are considered its most important weakness, which might lower public health value of this platform. Furthermore, evaluation of the results of this study emphasizes equally important role that threats and opportunities of this platform play. This study further highlights unmet needs in the Influenza vaccine market, which could be addressed by the implementation of the MVA platform. Broad use of MVA in clinical trials shows great promise for this vector as vaccine platform for pre-pandemic and pandemic Influenza and threats by other respiratory viruses. Moreover, from the results of the clinical trials seem that MVA is particularly attractive for development of Vaccines against pathogens for which no, or only insufficiently effective Vaccines, are available.
Jorge C G Blanco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of aging on immunogenicity and efficacy of inactivated Influenza Vaccines in cotton rats sigmodon hispidus
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2020Co-Authors: Marina S Boukhvalova, Emma Mortensen, Aissatou Mbaye, Jamall Mckay, Jorge C G BlancoAbstract:Inactivated Influenza Vaccines are known to be less immunogenic in human elderly in regards to serologic antibody response induced by vaccination. Accumulating evidence, however, points to a comparable effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in the young and the elderly individuals. In the current study, we assessed immunogenicity and effectiveness of trivalent inactivated vaccine FluLaval in young and aged cotton rats Sigmodon hispidus and found that while serologic response to immunization was indeed reduced in older animals, comparable protection against Influenza infection was afforded by prime-boost vaccination in both young and aged cotton rats. Both hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and seroconversion rates were lower in the aged animals compared to the young ones. Reduction of viral load in the lung and nose, however, was comparable between young and aged animals vaccinated twice. One-time immunization with FluLaval was less efficacious at protecting the nose of aged animals, indicating that boosting of preexisting immunity can be particularly important for nasal protection in the elderly. Coincidentally, a one-time immunization with FluLaval had a detrimental effect on pulmonary pathology in the young animals, suggesting that boosting of immunity is essential for the young as well. Overall, these results suggest that reduced antibody response to and sufficient efficacy of Influenza Vaccines in the elderly are not two irreconcilable phenomena and that incomplete immunity to Influenza can be detrimental at any age.
Robert T Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anti ganglioside antibody induction by swine a nj 1976 h1n1 and other Influenza Vaccines insights into vaccine associated guillain barre syndrome
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Irving Nachamkin, Sean V Shadomy, Anthony P Moran, Nancy J Cox, Collette Fitzgerald, Huong Ung, Adrian T Corcoran, John K Iskander, Lawrence B Schonberger, Robert T ChenAbstract:Background. Receipt of an A/NJ/1976/H1N1 "swine flu" vaccine in 1976, unlike receipt of Influenza Vaccines used in subsequent years, was strongly associated with the development of the neurologic disorder Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Anti-ganglioside antibodies (e.g., anti-GM 1 ) are associated with the development of GBS, and we hypothesized that the swine flu vaccine contained contaminating moieties (such as Campylobacterjejuni antigens that mimic human gangliosides or other vaccine components) that elicited an anti-GM 1 antibody response in susceptible recipients. Methods. Surviving samples of monovalent and bivalent 1976 vaccine, comprising those from 3 manufacturers and 11 lot numbers, along with several contemporary Vaccines were tested for hemagglutinin (HA) activity, the presence of Campylobacter DNA, and the ability to induce anti-Campylobacter and anti-GM 1 antibodies after inoculation into C3H/HeN mice. Results. We found that, although C. jejuni was not detected in 1976 swine flu Vaccines, these Vaccines induced anti-GM 1 antibodies in mice, as did Vaccines from 1991-1992 and 2004-2005. Preliminary studies suggest that the Influenza HA induces anti-GM 1 antibodies. Conclusions. Influenza Vaccines contain structures that can induce anti-GM 1 antibodies after inoculation into mice. Further research into Influenza vaccine components that elicit anti-ganglioside responses and the role played by these antibodies (if any) in vaccine-associated GBS is warranted.