The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sang Heui Seo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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H7N9 Influenza Virus Is More Virulent in Ferrets than 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus.
Viral immunology, 2015Co-Authors: Jung Yum, Keun Bon Ku, Hyun Soo Kim, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:The novel H7N9 Influenza Virus has been infecting humans in China since February 2013 and with a mortality rate of about 40%. This study compared the pathogenicity of the H7N9 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Viruses in a ferret model, which shows similar symptoms to those of humans infected with Influenza Viruses. The H7N9 Influenza Virus caused a more severe disease than did the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. All of the ferrets infected with the H7N9 Influenza Virus had died by 6 days after infection, while none of those infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus died. Ferrets infected with the H7N9 Influenza Virus had higher viral titers in their lungs than did those infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. Histological findings indicated that hemorrhagic pneumonia was caused by infection with the H7N9 Influenza Virus, but not with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. In addition, the lung tissues of ferrets infected with the H7N9 Influenza Virus contained higher levels of chemokines than did those of ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. This study suggests that close monitoring is needed to prevent human infection by the lethal H7N9 Influenza Virus.
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The 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus is More Pathogenic in Pregnant Mice Than Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus
Viral immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Heui Man Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Young Myong Kang, Byung Min Song, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:Abstract Pregnant women can experience high mortality, high rates of abortion, and severe pneumonia when infected with pandemic Influenza Viruses. In this context, the severity of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus compared with seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus is not clear. Presently, in a mouse model of pregnancy, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus killed up to 60% of pregnant mice and caused abortion in up to 40%, whereas a circulating seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus did not cause any deaths or abortions. Higher viral titers and levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein, and KC (CXCL1), were detected in the lungs of pregnant mice infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus, compared with the seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus. The results of our study with pregnant mice suggest that the observed higher pathogenesis in pregnant women infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza v...
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Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus causes a stronger inflammatory response than seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus in ferrets
Archives of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Young Myong Kang, Hyun Soo Kim, Byung Min Song, Joo Sub Lee, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:A 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus pandemic, which had its origin in swine, caused severe illness and mortality in humans. Inflammatory responses may be responsible for pathogenesis caused by infection with Influenza Viruses. To better understand the pathogenic mechanism, clinical signs and inflammatory responses in ferrets infected with the pandemic H1N1 were compared with those caused by seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus. Ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Virus displayed higher body temperatures, greater reduction in body weight, and higher viral titers in the tracheae and lungs. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interferon-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were higher in the lungs of ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1. The data support the idea that increased pathogenesis caused by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus may have been partially mediated by a higher induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of affected humans or animals.
Adolfo García-sastre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of Influenza Virus hemagglutinin stalk-based immunity in ferrets
Journal of Virology, 2014Co-Authors: Rong Hai, Mark A. Yondola, Gene S. Tan, Victor H. Leyva-grado, Alex B. Ryder, Matthew S. Miller, John K. Rose, Adolfo García-sastreAbstract:ABSTRACT Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that target the conserved stalk domain of the Influenza Virus hemagglutinin and stalk-based universal Influenza Virus vaccine strategies are being developed as promising countermeasures for Influenza Virus infections. The pan-H1-reactive monoclonal antibody 6F12 has been extensively characterized and shows broad efficacy against divergent H1N1 strains in the mouse model. Here we demonstrate its efficacy against a pandemic H1N1 challenge Virus in the ferret model of Influenza disease. Furthermore, we recently developed a universal Influenza Virus vaccine strategy based on chimeric hemagglutinin constructs that focuses the immune response on the conserved stalk domain of the hemagglutinin. Here we set out to test this vaccination strategy in the ferret model. Both strategies, pretreatment of animals with a stalk-reactive monoclonal antibody and vaccination with chimeric hemagglutinin-based constructs, were able to significantly reduce viral titers in nasal turbinates, lungs, and olfactory bulbs. In addition, vaccinated animals also showed reduced nasal wash viral titers. In summary, both strategies showed efficacy in reducing viral loads after an Influenza Virus challenge in the ferret model. IMPORTANCE Influenza Virus hemagglutinin stalk-reactive antibodies tend to be less potent yet are more broadly reactive and can neutralize seasonal and pandemic Influenza Virus strains. The ferret model was used to assess the potential of hemagglutinin stalk-based immunity to provide protection against Influenza Virus infection. The novelty and significance of the findings described in this report support the development of vaccines stimulating stalk-specific antibody responses.
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Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines with Modified NS1 Proteins
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Jiiergen A. Richt, Adolfo García-sastreAbstract:The development of reverse genetics techniques allowing the rescue of Influenza Virus from plasmid DNA has opened up the possibility of inserting mutations into the genome of this Virus for the generation of novel live attenuated Influenza Virus vaccines. Modifications introduced into the viral NS1 gene via reverse genetics have resulted in attenuated Influenza Viruses with promising vaccine potential. One of the main functions of the NS1 protein of Influenza Virus is the inhibition of the innate host type I interferon-mediated antiviral response. Upon viral infection, Influenza Viruses with modified NS1 genes induce a robust local type I interferon response that limits their replication, resulting in disease attenuation in different animal models. Nevertheless, these Viruses can be grown to high titers in cell- and egg-based substrates with deficiencies in the type I IFN system. Intranasal inoculation of mice, pigs, horses, and macaques with NS1-modified Influenza Virus strains induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, and generated immune protection against challenge with wild-type Virus. This protective response was not limited to homologous strains of Influenza Viruses, as reduced replication of heterologous strains was also demonstrated in animals vaccinated with NS1-modified Viruses, indicating the induction of a broad cross-neutralizing response by these vaccine candidates. The immunogenicity of NS1-modified Viruses correlated with enhanced activation of antigen-presenting cells. While further studies on their safety and efficacy are still needed, the results obtained so far indicate that NS1-modified Viruses could represent a new generation of improved Influenza Virus vaccines, and they suggest that modifying viral interferon antagonists in other Virus families is a promising strategy for the generation of live attenuated Virus vaccines.
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Influenza Virus vectors.
Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization, 1995Co-Authors: Adolfo García-sastre, Peter PaleseAbstract:The establishment of reverse genetics methods to manipulate Influenza Virus genomes has allowed the generation of recombinant (transfectant) Influenza Viruses expressing foreign sequences. Strategies for the construction of Influenza Virus vectors include the insertion of foreign epitopes into Influenza Virus glycoproteins, the expression of polyproteins, and the rescue of bicistronic genes into infectious Viruses. Influenza Virus vectors have been obtained which express both B- and T-cell epitopes from different pathogens. These constructs have been shown to mount in immunized animals systemic and local antibody responses, and/or cytotoxic T-cell responses against the expressed epitope. The available evidence suggests that Influenza Virus vectors may be attractive candidates for the development of effective vaccines against different diseases.
Peter Palese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advances in the development of Influenza Virus vaccines
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2015Co-Authors: Florian Krammer, Peter PaleseAbstract:Influenza Virus infections are a major public health concern and cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current Influenza Virus vaccines are an effective countermeasure against infection but need to be reformulated almost every year owing to antigenic drift. Furthermore, these vaccines do not protect against novel pandemic strains, and the timely production of pandemic vaccines remains problematic because of the limitations of current technology. Several improvements have been made recently to enhance immune protection induced by seasonal and pandemic vaccines, and to speed up production in case of a pandemic. Importantly, vaccine constructs that induce broad or even universal Influenza Virus protection are currently in preclinical and clinical development.
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Making Better Influenza Virus Vaccines
Emerging infectious diseases, 2006Co-Authors: Peter PaleseAbstract:Killed and live Influenza Virus vaccines are effective in preventing and curbing the spread of disease, but new technologies such as reverse genetics could be used to improve them and to shorten the lengthy process of preparing vaccine seed Viruses. By taking advantage of these new technologies, we could develop live vaccines that would be safe, cross-protective against variant strains, and require less Virus per dose than conventional vaccines. Furthermore, pandemic vaccines against highly virulent strains such as the H5N1 Virus can only be generated by reverse genetics techniques. Other technologic breakthroughs should result in effective adjuvants for use with killed and live vaccines, increasing the number of available doses. Finally, universal Influenza Virus vaccines seem to be within reach. These new strategies will be successful if they are supported by regulatory agencies and if a robust market for Influenza Virus vaccines against interpandemic and pandemic threats is made and sustained.
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Influenza Virus vectors.
Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization, 1995Co-Authors: Adolfo García-sastre, Peter PaleseAbstract:The establishment of reverse genetics methods to manipulate Influenza Virus genomes has allowed the generation of recombinant (transfectant) Influenza Viruses expressing foreign sequences. Strategies for the construction of Influenza Virus vectors include the insertion of foreign epitopes into Influenza Virus glycoproteins, the expression of polyproteins, and the rescue of bicistronic genes into infectious Viruses. Influenza Virus vectors have been obtained which express both B- and T-cell epitopes from different pathogens. These constructs have been shown to mount in immunized animals systemic and local antibody responses, and/or cytotoxic T-cell responses against the expressed epitope. The available evidence suggests that Influenza Virus vectors may be attractive candidates for the development of effective vaccines against different diseases.
Young Myong Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus is More Pathogenic in Pregnant Mice Than Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus
Viral immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Heui Man Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Young Myong Kang, Byung Min Song, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:Abstract Pregnant women can experience high mortality, high rates of abortion, and severe pneumonia when infected with pandemic Influenza Viruses. In this context, the severity of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus compared with seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus is not clear. Presently, in a mouse model of pregnancy, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus killed up to 60% of pregnant mice and caused abortion in up to 40%, whereas a circulating seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus did not cause any deaths or abortions. Higher viral titers and levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein, and KC (CXCL1), were detected in the lungs of pregnant mice infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus, compared with the seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus. The results of our study with pregnant mice suggest that the observed higher pathogenesis in pregnant women infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza v...
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Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus causes a stronger inflammatory response than seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus in ferrets
Archives of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Young Myong Kang, Hyun Soo Kim, Byung Min Song, Joo Sub Lee, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:A 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus pandemic, which had its origin in swine, caused severe illness and mortality in humans. Inflammatory responses may be responsible for pathogenesis caused by infection with Influenza Viruses. To better understand the pathogenic mechanism, clinical signs and inflammatory responses in ferrets infected with the pandemic H1N1 were compared with those caused by seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus. Ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Virus displayed higher body temperatures, greater reduction in body weight, and higher viral titers in the tracheae and lungs. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interferon-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were higher in the lungs of ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1. The data support the idea that increased pathogenesis caused by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus may have been partially mediated by a higher induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of affected humans or animals.
Hyun Soo Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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H7N9 Influenza Virus Is More Virulent in Ferrets than 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus.
Viral immunology, 2015Co-Authors: Jung Yum, Keun Bon Ku, Hyun Soo Kim, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:The novel H7N9 Influenza Virus has been infecting humans in China since February 2013 and with a mortality rate of about 40%. This study compared the pathogenicity of the H7N9 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Viruses in a ferret model, which shows similar symptoms to those of humans infected with Influenza Viruses. The H7N9 Influenza Virus caused a more severe disease than did the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. All of the ferrets infected with the H7N9 Influenza Virus had died by 6 days after infection, while none of those infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus died. Ferrets infected with the H7N9 Influenza Virus had higher viral titers in their lungs than did those infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. Histological findings indicated that hemorrhagic pneumonia was caused by infection with the H7N9 Influenza Virus, but not with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. In addition, the lung tissues of ferrets infected with the H7N9 Influenza Virus contained higher levels of chemokines than did those of ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus. This study suggests that close monitoring is needed to prevent human infection by the lethal H7N9 Influenza Virus.
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The 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus is More Pathogenic in Pregnant Mice Than Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus
Viral immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Heui Man Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Young Myong Kang, Byung Min Song, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:Abstract Pregnant women can experience high mortality, high rates of abortion, and severe pneumonia when infected with pandemic Influenza Viruses. In this context, the severity of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus compared with seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus is not clear. Presently, in a mouse model of pregnancy, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus killed up to 60% of pregnant mice and caused abortion in up to 40%, whereas a circulating seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus did not cause any deaths or abortions. Higher viral titers and levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein, and KC (CXCL1), were detected in the lungs of pregnant mice infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus, compared with the seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus. The results of our study with pregnant mice suggest that the observed higher pathogenesis in pregnant women infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza v...
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Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus causes a stronger inflammatory response than seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus in ferrets
Archives of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Young Myong Kang, Hyun Soo Kim, Byung Min Song, Joo Sub Lee, Sang Heui SeoAbstract:A 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus pandemic, which had its origin in swine, caused severe illness and mortality in humans. Inflammatory responses may be responsible for pathogenesis caused by infection with Influenza Viruses. To better understand the pathogenic mechanism, clinical signs and inflammatory responses in ferrets infected with the pandemic H1N1 were compared with those caused by seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus. Ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Virus displayed higher body temperatures, greater reduction in body weight, and higher viral titers in the tracheae and lungs. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interferon-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were higher in the lungs of ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1. The data support the idea that increased pathogenesis caused by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus may have been partially mediated by a higher induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of affected humans or animals.