The Experts below are selected from a list of 40344 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Manuela Alonso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Inorganic Matter on trace element behavior during combustion of coal sewage sludge blends
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: Belen M Folgueras, Jorge Xiberta, Maria R Diaz, Manuela AlonsoAbstract:The effect of Inorganic Matter on the volatility of hazardous elements As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, and V during coal−sewage sludge combustion was studied. For this purpose, two bituminous coals from the Asturian Central Basin and sewage sludge treated with FeCl3 and lime were used. The combustion of sludge−coal blends was performed in a laboratory furnace at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The results have shown that the Inorganic Matter of materials used in the sludge−coal blends affects the behavior of the above metals significantly. Thus, the high Cl contents of the sludge can increase the volatility of some trace elements (Cd, Cu, and Pb) because of chloride formation, but the retention of part of these elements in ashes by Fe and Si lessens the hazardous influence of Cl. The higher the Si contents of the coal, the higher the Cd and Pb retention during combustion. Another element that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements is Ca (especially Ca from sludge addit...
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Effect of Inorganic Matter on Trace Element Behavior during Combustion of Coal−Sewage Sludge Blends
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: M.belén Folgueras, R. Maria Diaz, Jorge Xiberta, Manuela AlonsoAbstract:The effect of Inorganic Matter on the volatility of hazardous elements As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, and V during coal−sewage sludge combustion was studied. For this purpose, two bituminous coals from the Asturian Central Basin and sewage sludge treated with FeCl3 and lime were used. The combustion of sludge−coal blends was performed in a laboratory furnace at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The results have shown that the Inorganic Matter of materials used in the sludge−coal blends affects the behavior of the above metals significantly. Thus, the high Cl contents of the sludge can increase the volatility of some trace elements (Cd, Cu, and Pb) because of chloride formation, but the retention of part of these elements in ashes by Fe and Si lessens the hazardous influence of Cl. The higher the Si contents of the coal, the higher the Cd and Pb retention during combustion. Another element that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements is Ca (especially Ca from sludge addit...
Dongke Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transformation of organic and Inorganic sulphur in a lignite during pyrolysis: Influence of inherent and added Inorganic Matter
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009Co-Authors: Setyawati Yani, Dongke ZhangAbstract:Abstract The transformation of organic and Inorganic sulphur during pyrolysis of a Western Australian lignite has been studied using several complimentary techniques. The lignite contains high moisture, oxygen, volatile Matter, organic sulphur and inherent Inorganic Matter. FTIR and solid state 13 C TOSS NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that the high oxygen content is attributed to the oxygenated functional groups, which is saturated with organically bonded inherent Inorganic Matter. Sodium and chlorine are the dominant Inorganic Matter and present in the form of sodium chloride. TGA-MS studies of the raw lignite showed that SO 2 is the dominant sulphur-bearing gases evolved during the pyrolysis of the raw lignite. The effect of inherent and added Inorganics was studied by comparing the amounts of various forms of sulphur retained in the chars of the raw lignite, the acid washed lignite and the acid washed lignite doped with sodium and kaolinite following pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor in nitrogen. Inherent Inorganic Matter was shown to reduce the decomposition of organic sulphur but has little effect on the decomposition of Inorganic sulphur. Sodium helps the retention of sulphur in the chars between 400 and 500 °C while kaolinite has a better ability to retain sulphur above 600 °C.
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the effect of inherent and added Inorganic Matter on low temperature oxidation reaction of coal
Fuel Processing Technology, 2001Co-Authors: Wiwik S Watanabe, Dongke ZhangAbstract:Abstract The influence of inherent and added Inorganic Matter on low-temperature oxidation reactions of coal and the effectiveness of the additives to affect the oxidation reactions are examined in this paper. A Victorian brown coal was selected for this study. Samples of the raw coal, water-washed coal, and acid-washed coal were prepared. The acid-washed coal was also doped with seven additives, respectively, by both wet-mixing (5% wt.) and ion-exchanging with the additives. Each of the samples was then tested in a wire-mesh reactor to determine its critical ambient temperature, above which thermal runaway occurred. The critical ambient temperatures of the acid-washed and water-washed coals were higher than that of the raw coal, indicating that the inherent Inorganic Matter in the coal catalysed low-temperature oxidation. Of the seven additives used, Cu(Ac) 2 , KAc, and NaAc were found to promote the oxidation reaction, while NaCl, CaCl 2 , and Mg(Ac) 2 inhibit the reaction. Ca(Ac) 2 showed a very little effect. Furthermore, it was observed that the promotion effects of Cu(Ac) 2 and KAc were stronger when they were ion-exchanged into the coal, while the inhibition effect of Ca(Ac) 2 was stronger when it was wet-mixed with the coal. Low-temperature oxidation kinetics of various samples were also estimated and compared. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) quantitative analysis of the samples respectively wet-mixed and ion-exchanged with Cu(Ac) 2 indicated that the pore volume of the ion-exchanged sample was greater than that of wet-mixed sample, and the amount of copper ion absorbed in the ion-exchanged coal particle was higher and more uniformly distributed in the coal matrix than that in the wet-mixed coal particle.
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The influence of water-soluble and acid-soluble Inorganic Matter on sulphur transformations during pyrolysis of low-rank coals
Fuel, 2001Co-Authors: M. A. Telfer, Dongke ZhangAbstract:Abstract Temperature-programmed pyrolysis (TPP) experiments are conducted on several samples prepared from a South Australian Bowmans coal, viz. raw, water-washed, acid-washed and Ca++ and Na+ ion-exchanged acid-washed samples, to study the influence of the physically absorbed (water-soluble) and organically bound (acid-soluble) Inorganic Matter on sulphur transformations during pyrolysis. Changes in sulphur forms between 200 and 900°C were monitored according to Australian Standards, wet chemical analysis of chars. Interpretation of sulphur transformation was aided by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). During TPP, raw Bowmans coal is observed to evolve less sulphur than the treated coals between 400 and 500°C. Water-soluble sulphates above other water-soluble Inorganics, are found to contribute to the sulphur retention by suppressing the decomposition of organic sulphur in the same temperature region. Acid-soluble Inorganics are observed to increase the retention of sulphur between 500 and 600°C. Chemical analysis did not detect a corresponding formation of sulphides, suggesting that the presence of acid-soluble Inorganics suppressed the decomposition of organic sulphur between 500 and 600°C. SEM-EDX and iDXi X-ray mapping of TPP chars removed at 800 and 900°C revealed that sulphur does interact with the organically-bound Inorganics. Na interacts with silica and forms highly concentrated constituents in char particles during pyrolysis. Both types of inclusions were found to contain highly concentrated areas of sulphur. Calcium becomes enriched in the char to initiate decomposition of organic sulphur and form calcium sulphide in the char prepared between 800 and 900°C.
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Investigation into the role of inherent Inorganic Matter and additives in low-temperature oxidation of a Victorian brown coal
Combustion Science and Technology, 2000Co-Authors: Wiwik Sujanti, Dongke ZhangAbstract:This paper reports a laboratory investigation into the role of inherent Inorganic Matter and additives in the low-lemperatures oxidation and spontaneous combustion of a Victorian brown coal. The raw coal, water-washed coal, acid-washed coal, and acid-washed coal respectively doped with fourteen additives, are prepared. Each of the samples is then tested in a wire-mesh reactor to obtain its critical ambient temperature, above which a thermal runaway occurs. The critical ambient temperatures of the acid-washed sample and water-washed coal are higher than that of the raw coal, indicating that the inherent Inorganic Matter in the coal catalyses the low-temperature oxidation. The relative effectiveness of the additives is determined by comparing their critical ambient temperatures with that of the acid-washed coal. Magnesium acetate (Mg(Ac)2). calcium acetate (Ca(Ac)2). magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). sodium hydroxide (NaOH). calcium chloride (CaC12), and sodium chloride (NaCI) arc found lo inhibit spontaneous co...
Belen M Folgueras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Inorganic Matter on trace element behavior during combustion of coal sewage sludge blends
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: Belen M Folgueras, Jorge Xiberta, Maria R Diaz, Manuela AlonsoAbstract:The effect of Inorganic Matter on the volatility of hazardous elements As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, and V during coal−sewage sludge combustion was studied. For this purpose, two bituminous coals from the Asturian Central Basin and sewage sludge treated with FeCl3 and lime were used. The combustion of sludge−coal blends was performed in a laboratory furnace at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The results have shown that the Inorganic Matter of materials used in the sludge−coal blends affects the behavior of the above metals significantly. Thus, the high Cl contents of the sludge can increase the volatility of some trace elements (Cd, Cu, and Pb) because of chloride formation, but the retention of part of these elements in ashes by Fe and Si lessens the hazardous influence of Cl. The higher the Si contents of the coal, the higher the Cd and Pb retention during combustion. Another element that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements is Ca (especially Ca from sludge addit...
Wiwik Sujanti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Investigation into the role of inherent Inorganic Matter and additives in low-temperature oxidation of a Victorian brown coal
Combustion Science and Technology, 2000Co-Authors: Wiwik Sujanti, Dongke ZhangAbstract:This paper reports a laboratory investigation into the role of inherent Inorganic Matter and additives in the low-lemperatures oxidation and spontaneous combustion of a Victorian brown coal. The raw coal, water-washed coal, acid-washed coal, and acid-washed coal respectively doped with fourteen additives, are prepared. Each of the samples is then tested in a wire-mesh reactor to obtain its critical ambient temperature, above which a thermal runaway occurs. The critical ambient temperatures of the acid-washed sample and water-washed coal are higher than that of the raw coal, indicating that the inherent Inorganic Matter in the coal catalyses the low-temperature oxidation. The relative effectiveness of the additives is determined by comparing their critical ambient temperatures with that of the acid-washed coal. Magnesium acetate (Mg(Ac)2). calcium acetate (Ca(Ac)2). magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). sodium hydroxide (NaOH). calcium chloride (CaC12), and sodium chloride (NaCI) arc found lo inhibit spontaneous co...
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Laboratory study of spontaneous combustion of coal: the influence of Inorganic Matter and reactor size
Fuel, 1999Co-Authors: Wiwik Sujanti, Dong K. ZhangAbstract:A laboratory investigation into the effect of Inorganic Matter on spontaneous combustion behaviour of a Victorian brown coal. Fourteen samples were prepared, namely, the raw coal, water-washed coal, acid-washed coal, and acid-washed coal doped with 11 additives. Each of the samples was then tested in an isothermal reactor to obtain its critical ambient temperature, above which spontaneous combustion occurs. The relative effectiveness of the additives was determined by comparing their critical ambient temperatures with those of the raw coal and the acid-washed coal. Potassium chloride, Montan powder, and sodium chloride were found to be the most effective inhibitors, followed by magnesium acetate, and calcium chloride. The presence of sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the coal samples did not show any significant influence on the spontaneous combustion. However, calcium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, and pyrite promoted the spontaneous combustion. The effect of additive loading was also investigated for an inhibition agent (KCl) and a promotion agent (NaAc). It was revealed that the effectiveness of these promotion and inhibition agents was enhanced with an increase in the additive loading. Low-temperature oxidation kinetics were also estimated by an energy balance approach and compared with the self-heating potential of these samples. The effects of reactor size and reactor specific surface area on the critical ambient temperatures are also discussed.
Jorge Xiberta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Inorganic Matter on trace element behavior during combustion of coal sewage sludge blends
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: Belen M Folgueras, Jorge Xiberta, Maria R Diaz, Manuela AlonsoAbstract:The effect of Inorganic Matter on the volatility of hazardous elements As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, and V during coal−sewage sludge combustion was studied. For this purpose, two bituminous coals from the Asturian Central Basin and sewage sludge treated with FeCl3 and lime were used. The combustion of sludge−coal blends was performed in a laboratory furnace at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The results have shown that the Inorganic Matter of materials used in the sludge−coal blends affects the behavior of the above metals significantly. Thus, the high Cl contents of the sludge can increase the volatility of some trace elements (Cd, Cu, and Pb) because of chloride formation, but the retention of part of these elements in ashes by Fe and Si lessens the hazardous influence of Cl. The higher the Si contents of the coal, the higher the Cd and Pb retention during combustion. Another element that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements is Ca (especially Ca from sludge addit...
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Effect of Inorganic Matter on Trace Element Behavior during Combustion of Coal−Sewage Sludge Blends
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: M.belén Folgueras, R. Maria Diaz, Jorge Xiberta, Manuela AlonsoAbstract:The effect of Inorganic Matter on the volatility of hazardous elements As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, and V during coal−sewage sludge combustion was studied. For this purpose, two bituminous coals from the Asturian Central Basin and sewage sludge treated with FeCl3 and lime were used. The combustion of sludge−coal blends was performed in a laboratory furnace at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The results have shown that the Inorganic Matter of materials used in the sludge−coal blends affects the behavior of the above metals significantly. Thus, the high Cl contents of the sludge can increase the volatility of some trace elements (Cd, Cu, and Pb) because of chloride formation, but the retention of part of these elements in ashes by Fe and Si lessens the hazardous influence of Cl. The higher the Si contents of the coal, the higher the Cd and Pb retention during combustion. Another element that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements is Ca (especially Ca from sludge addit...