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David Stanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preface: Papers from the 16th International Ecdysone Workshop
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Guy Smagghe, David StanleyAbstract:We are pleased to introduce a two-issue set of papers by contributors to the 16th International Ecdysone Workshop held last July in Ghent, Belgium with 128 participants from 18 countries. It would be very difficult to understate the biological significance of ecdysteroids in Insect science, and the papers in this Special Issue help us appreciate the continued and rapid progress in this important area. This is also reflected in the fact that nearly 2000 papers were published on “ecdysteroids” in ISI indexed peer-reviewed international journals over the last 6 years since 2000. Ecdysteroids do not act on a one-dimensional hormone-effect axis. To the contrary, papers in this Special Issue report on ecdysteroid interactions with other signal moieties. Gruntenko et al. and Rauschenach et al. reveal important interactions between biogenic amines and ecdysteroid titers. Eizaguirre et al. bring in new information on interactions of JH and ecdysteroids, while Kamimura et al. write about the influence of ecdysteroids on JH esterase gene expression. Ecdysteroids influence cell death, however, this effect is modulated by JH, as seen in Lobbia et al. As this area develops, we are sure to see new entities—perhaps even eicosanoids—interacting with ecdysteroids. The mechanisms of ecdysteroids and ecdysteroid biosynthesis continue to fascinate many Insect scientists. Dedos et al. report on calcium signal cascades in prothoracic glands. Localization and movement of the ecdysteroid receptor complex draws the attention of Cronauer et al. and Betanska et al. This receptor also has potential biotech application with gene switch technology, as discussed by Tavva et al. The significance of ecdysteroids in Insect Biology is highlighted by the number of parasitoids and plants that influence Insect ecdysteroids. Rharrabe et al. outline the diversity of detoxification pathways for ingested ecdysteroids, and Bodin et al. report on host-induced ecdysteroids in a parasitoid. Krishnan et al. report on the influence of ecdysteroids in oxidative stress damage. Together, the papers in this Special Issue advance our appreciation of the biological significance of ecdysteroids in Insect Biology and they celebrate the Insect scientists who are working on the frontiers of our knowledge in this substantial area. We hope this body of work helps scientists who want to participate in this exciting research.
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Insect prostaglandins and other eicosanoids: From molecular to physiological actions
Advances in Insect Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: David StanleyAbstract:Abstract In this essay we provide a comprehensive update on the Biology and molecular Biology of prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids in Insects. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the first biochemical step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. Cellular and secretory PLA2 types, similar to those of vertebrates, have been identified and demonstrated to act in Insect eicosanoid biosynthesis. However, eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways in Insects are not identical to those of vertebrates. The relatively low concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipids of Insect tissues suggest that PLA2 may hydrolyse linoleic acid as a precursor of eicosanoid biosynthesis and its subsequent desaturation and elongation leads to AA. Unlike vertebrates, AA is not oxidized by cyclooxygenase, but by a specific peroxidase called peroxinectin to produce a prostaglandin (PG) precursor, PGH2, which is then isomerized into PGE2 by PGE2 synthase. PGs and other eicosanoids mediate Insect reproduction such as oocyte development and egg-laying behaviour, trehalose metabolism, fluid secretion, and immunity. They also interact with Insect cytokine and other immune mediators to propagate non-self recognition signals to immune effector tissues. In the cross-talks, eicosanoids act as downstream signals because any intervention of eicosanoid signalling leads to substantial immunosuppression. Because host immunosuppression favours pathogens, some entomopathogens exploit a PLA2 inhibitory strategy to express their virulence. We propose PGs and other eicosanoids as central signalling systems in Insect Biology.
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Inhibition of eicosanoid signaling leads to increased lipid peroxidation in a host/parasitoid system
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, Meltem Erdem, Ceyhun Küçük, Utku Can Atılgan, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract We posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in Insects. Here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella , on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidative and antioxidative parameters of wax moth and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor . The highest dietary dexamethasone (Dex), esculetin (Esc) and phenidone (Phe) led to increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in all developmental stages of host larvae. Dietary Phe resulted in increased MDA levels, and CAT activity in G. mellonella adults by about 4-fold and about 2-fold, respectively. The Phe effect on GST activity in all stages of the wax moth was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, increased to 140 nmol/mg protein/min in larvae. MDA levels were increased by over 30-fold in adult wasps reared on Dex- and Esc-treated hosts. CAT and GST activities were increased in adult parasitoids reared on Esc-and Phe-treated hosts. GST activity of Dex-treated parasitoid larvae increased from about 4 to over 30 nmol/mg protein/min. Dietary Phe led to increased GST activity, by about 25-fold, in adult wasps. These data indicate that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased oxidative stress, strongly supporting our hypothesis. The significance of this work lies in understanding the roles of eicosanoids in Insect Biology. Aside from other well-known eicosanoids actions, we propose that eicosanoids mediate reductions in oxidative stress.
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prostaglandins and their receptors in Insect Biology
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: David StanleyAbstract:We treat the biological significance of prostaglandins (PGs) and their known receptors in Insect Biology. PGs and related eicosanoids are oxygenated derivatives of arachidonic acid (AA) and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. PGs are mostly appreciated in the context of biomedicine, but a growing body of literature indicates the biological significance of these compounds extends throughout the animal kingdom, and possibly beyond. PGs act in several crucial areas of Insect Biology. In reproduction, a specific PG, PGE2, releases oviposition behavior in most crickets and a few other Insect species; PGs also mediate events in egg development in some species, which may represent all Insects. PGs play major roles in modulating fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules, rectum and salivary glands, although, again, this has been studied in only a few Insect species that may represent the Class. Insect immunity is a very complex defense system. PGs and other eicosanoids mediate a large number of immune reactions to infection and invasion. The actions of most PGs are mediated by specific receptors. Biomedical research has discovered a great deal of knowledge about PG receptors in mammals, including their structures, pharmacology, molecular Biology and cellular locations. Studies of PG receptors in Insects lag behind the biomedical background, however, recent results hold the promise of accelerated research in this area. A PG receptor has been identified in a class of lepidopteran hemocytes and experimentally linked to the release of prophenoloxidase. We conclude that research into PGs and their receptors in Insects will lead to important advances in our understanding of Insect Biology.
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the influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids’ eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development.
Kemal Buyukguzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibition of eicosanoid signaling leads to increased lipid peroxidation in a host/parasitoid system
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, Meltem Erdem, Ceyhun Küçük, Utku Can Atılgan, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract We posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in Insects. Here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella , on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidative and antioxidative parameters of wax moth and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor . The highest dietary dexamethasone (Dex), esculetin (Esc) and phenidone (Phe) led to increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in all developmental stages of host larvae. Dietary Phe resulted in increased MDA levels, and CAT activity in G. mellonella adults by about 4-fold and about 2-fold, respectively. The Phe effect on GST activity in all stages of the wax moth was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, increased to 140 nmol/mg protein/min in larvae. MDA levels were increased by over 30-fold in adult wasps reared on Dex- and Esc-treated hosts. CAT and GST activities were increased in adult parasitoids reared on Esc-and Phe-treated hosts. GST activity of Dex-treated parasitoid larvae increased from about 4 to over 30 nmol/mg protein/min. Dietary Phe led to increased GST activity, by about 25-fold, in adult wasps. These data indicate that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased oxidative stress, strongly supporting our hypothesis. The significance of this work lies in understanding the roles of eicosanoids in Insect Biology. Aside from other well-known eicosanoids actions, we propose that eicosanoids mediate reductions in oxidative stress.
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the influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids’ eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development.
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The influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids' eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Ender Büyükgüzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibition of eicosanoid signaling leads to increased lipid peroxidation in a host/parasitoid system
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, Meltem Erdem, Ceyhun Küçük, Utku Can Atılgan, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract We posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in Insects. Here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella , on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidative and antioxidative parameters of wax moth and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor . The highest dietary dexamethasone (Dex), esculetin (Esc) and phenidone (Phe) led to increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in all developmental stages of host larvae. Dietary Phe resulted in increased MDA levels, and CAT activity in G. mellonella adults by about 4-fold and about 2-fold, respectively. The Phe effect on GST activity in all stages of the wax moth was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, increased to 140 nmol/mg protein/min in larvae. MDA levels were increased by over 30-fold in adult wasps reared on Dex- and Esc-treated hosts. CAT and GST activities were increased in adult parasitoids reared on Esc-and Phe-treated hosts. GST activity of Dex-treated parasitoid larvae increased from about 4 to over 30 nmol/mg protein/min. Dietary Phe led to increased GST activity, by about 25-fold, in adult wasps. These data indicate that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased oxidative stress, strongly supporting our hypothesis. The significance of this work lies in understanding the roles of eicosanoids in Insect Biology. Aside from other well-known eicosanoids actions, we propose that eicosanoids mediate reductions in oxidative stress.
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the influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids’ eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development.
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The influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids' eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Vincent Leclerc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Drosophila serpins: multiple functions in immunity and morphogenesis
Meth. Enzymol., 2011Co-Authors: Jean Marc Reichhart, David Gubb, Vincent LeclercAbstract:Members of the serpin superfamily of proteins have been found in all living organisms, although rarely in bacteria or fungi. They have been extensively studied in mammals, where many rapid physiological responses are regulated by inhibitory serpins. In addition to the inhibitory serpins, a large group of noninhibitory proteins with a conserved serpin fold have also been identified in mammals. These noninhibitory proteins have a wide range of functions, from storage proteins to molecular chaperones, hormone transporters, and tumor suppressors. In contrast, until recently, very little was known about Insect serpins in general, or Drosophila serpins in particular. In the last decade, however, there has been an increasing interest in the serpin Biology of Insects. It is becoming clear that, like in mammals, a similar wide range of physiological responses are regulated in Insects and that noninhibitory serpin-fold proteins also play key roles in Insect Biology. Drosophila is also an important model organism that can be used to study human pathologies (among which serpinopathies or other protein conformational diseases) and mechanisms of regulation of proteolytic cascades in health or to develop strategies for control of Insect pests and disease vectors. As most of our knowledge on Insect serpins comes from studies on the Drosophila immune response, we survey here the Drosophila serpin literature and describe the laboratory techniques that have been developed to study serpin-regulated responses in this model genetic organism.
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The Drosophila serpins
Methods in Enzymology, 2011Co-Authors: Jean Marc Reichhart, David Gubb, Vincent LeclercAbstract:Members of the serpin superfamily of proteins have been found in all living organisms, although rarely in bacteria or fungi. They have been extensively studied in mammals, where many rapid physiological responses are regulated by inhibitory serpins. In addition to the inhibitory serpins, a large group of noninhibitory proteins with a conserved serpin fold have also been identified in mammals. These noninhibitory proteins have a wide range of functions, from storage proteins to molecular chaperones, hormone transporters, and tumor suppressors. In contrast, until recently, very little was known about Insect serpins in general, or Drosophila serpins in particular. In the last decade, however, there has been an increasing interest in the serpin Biology of Insects. It is becoming clear that, like in mammals, a similar wide range of physiological responses are regulated in Insects and that noninhibitory serpin-fold proteins also play key roles in Insect Biology. Drosophila is also an important model organism that can be used to study human pathologies (among which serpinopathies or other protein conformational diseases) and mechanisms of regulation of proteolytic cascades in health or to develop strategies for control of Insect pests and disease vectors. As most of our knowledge on Insect serpins comes from studies on the Drosophila immune response, we survey here the Drosophila serpin literature and describe the laboratory techniques that have been developed to study serpin-regulated responses in this model genetic organism.
Hasan Tunaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibition of eicosanoid signaling leads to increased lipid peroxidation in a host/parasitoid system
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, Meltem Erdem, Ceyhun Küçük, Utku Can Atılgan, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract We posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in Insects. Here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella , on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidative and antioxidative parameters of wax moth and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor . The highest dietary dexamethasone (Dex), esculetin (Esc) and phenidone (Phe) led to increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in all developmental stages of host larvae. Dietary Phe resulted in increased MDA levels, and CAT activity in G. mellonella adults by about 4-fold and about 2-fold, respectively. The Phe effect on GST activity in all stages of the wax moth was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, increased to 140 nmol/mg protein/min in larvae. MDA levels were increased by over 30-fold in adult wasps reared on Dex- and Esc-treated hosts. CAT and GST activities were increased in adult parasitoids reared on Esc-and Phe-treated hosts. GST activity of Dex-treated parasitoid larvae increased from about 4 to over 30 nmol/mg protein/min. Dietary Phe led to increased GST activity, by about 25-fold, in adult wasps. These data indicate that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased oxidative stress, strongly supporting our hypothesis. The significance of this work lies in understanding the roles of eicosanoids in Insect Biology. Aside from other well-known eicosanoids actions, we propose that eicosanoids mediate reductions in oxidative stress.
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the influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Abstract Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids’ eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development.
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The influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ender Büyükgüzel, Hasan Tunaz, David Stanley, Kemal BuyukguzelAbstract:Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate Biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in Insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tubules. PGs also influence a few Insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. Eicosanoids act in ovarian development and in Insect immunity. Because eicosanoids act in several areas of Insect Biology, we posed the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, in the absence of microbial challenge, can influence Insect life table parameters, including developmental time, survival, adult longevity and parasitoid fecundity. Here we report that inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval life exerted minor influences on some life table parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor, however, the inhibitors strongly reduced the production and hatchability of the parasitoids' eggs. The significance of the work relates to the potentials of understanding and targeting eicosanoid systems as a platform for developing new technologies of Insect pest management. As seen here, the impact of targeting eicosanoid systems is seen in crucial moments of Insect life histories, such as reproduction or immune challenge rather than in overall larval development. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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eicosanoids in Insect Biology
Neotropical Entomology, 2002Co-Authors: David Stanley, Hasan Tunaz, A Nor R Aliza, Sean M Putnam, Youngjin Park, Jon C BedickAbstract:Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of certain C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosanoids are best understood in the context of their clinical significance in human medicine. We suggest a new and broader view of eicosanoids, which we have been calling a 'biological paradigm'. Under this view, we note that eicosanoids were taken into roles as cellular signal moieties long before the origins of the Metazoa. During the evolutionary diversification of animals, eicosanoids have been recruited into an array of biological roles, some of which occur only in Insects and other invertebrates. These multiple actions endow eicosanoids with unusual explanatory power in understanding biological phenomena. We review the roles of eicosanoids in two areas of invertebrate Biology: mediation of Insect immune reactions to bacteria and host-parasite interactions. Seen broadly, eicosanoids play important roles at the cellular, organismal and ecological levels of biological organization. We suggest that continued inquiry into the significance of eicosanoids will yield important new insights into Insect Biology.