The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tsutomu Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gray Matter Changes in the Insular Cortex During the Course of the Schizophrenia Spectrum.
Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Mikio Kido, Daiki Sasabayashi, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Kyo Noguchi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Progressive gray matter reductions in the Insular Cortex have been reported in the early phases of schizophrenia (Sz); however, the trajectory of these reductions during the course of the illness currently remains unclear. Furthermore, it has not yet been established whether patients with schizotypal (SzTypal) features exhibit progressive changes in the Insular Cortex. This follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study examined volume changes in the short and long Insular cortices (mean inter-scan interval = 2.6 years) of 23 first-episode (FE) and 17 chronic patients with Sz, 14 with SzTypal disorder, and 21 healthy controls. Baseline comparisons revealed smaller Insular Cortex volumes bilaterally in Sz patients (particularly in the chronic group) than in SzTypal patients and healthy controls. FESz patients showed significantly larger gray matter reductions in the Insular Cortex over time (left: -3.4%/year; right: -2.9%/year) than those in healthy controls (-0.1%/year for both hemispheres) without the effect of subregion or antipsychotic medication, whereas chronic Sz (left: -1.5%/year; right: -1.6%/year) and SzTypal (left: 0.5%/year; right: -0.6%/year) patients did not. Active atrophy of the right Insular Cortex during FE correlated with fewer improvements in positive symptoms in the Sz groups, while mild atrophy of the left Insular Cortex during the chronic phase was associated with the severity of negative symptoms in the follow-up period. The present results support dynamic volumetric changes in the Insular Cortex being specific to overt Sz among the spectrum disorders examined and their degree and role in symptomatology appear to differ across the illness stages.
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Volumetric MRI study of the Insular Cortex in individuals with current and past major depression.
Journal of affective disorders, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Ryoichiro Tanino, Christos Pantelis, Murat Yücel, Valentina Lorenzetti, Sarah Whittle, Mark Walterfang, Nicholas B. AllenAbstract:Abstract Background Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the Insular Cortex in emotional processing, including the evaluation of one's own emotion, as well as in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether MDD patients exhibit morphologic changes of the Insular Cortex, and whether such changes reflect state or trait markers of the disorder. Methods We delineated the anterior and posterior Insular cortices using magnetic resonance imaging in 29 currently depressed patients (mean age = 32.5 years, 7 males), 27 remitted depressed patients (mean age = 35.1 years, 9 males), and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (mean age = 34.0 years, 12 males). Results Both current and remitted MDD patients showed significant volume reduction of the left anterior Insular Cortex as compared with healthy controls, but there was no group difference in the posterior Insular Cortex volume. Insular volumes did not correlate with the severity of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the presence of melancholia and co-morbidity with anxiety disorders did not affect Insular Cortex volumes. Limitations Although there was no difference in the Insular Cortex volume between medicated and unmedicated patients, a comprehensive investigation of medication effects was not possible, as complete data (e.g., dose, duration) were not available. Conclusions These findings suggest that the morphologic abnormality of the anterior Insular Cortex, which plays a major role in introspection and emotional control, may be a trait-related marker of vulnerability to major depression, supporting the notion that MDD involves pathological alterations of limbic and related cortical structures.
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Insular Cortex gray matter changes in individuals at ultra-high-risk of developing psychosis.
Schizophrenia research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Shi-yu Zhou, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Alison R Yung, Lisa J Phillips, Dennis VelakoulisAbstract:Morphologic abnormalities of the Insular Cortex have been described in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether these changes predate the onset of psychosis or develop progressively over the course of illness. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the gray matter volume of the long and short Insular cortices in 97 neuroleptic-naïve individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for developing psychosis [of whom 31 (32%) later developed psychosis (UHR-P) and 66 (68%) did not (UHR-NP)] and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy comparisons. We also conducted a longitudinal comparison of the Insular Cortex gray matter changes in 31 UHR individuals (20 UHR-NP and 11 UHR-P) and 20 controls for whom follow-up MRI data between 1 and 4 years later were available. In the cross-sectional comparison, the UHR-P subjects had a significantly smaller Insular Cortex compared with the UHR-NP subjects bilaterally and with the controls on the right hemisphere, especially for the short Insular region. More severe negative symptoms in UHR-P subjects at baseline were associated with smaller volumes of the right long Insular Cortex. In the longitudinal comparison, the UHR-P subjects showed greater gray matter reduction of Insular Cortex bilaterally (-5.0%/year) compared with controls (-0.4%/year) or UHR-NP subjects (-0.6%/year). Our findings suggest that Insular Cortex gray matter abnormalities in psychotic disorders may reflect pre-existing vulnerability, but that there are also active progressive changes of the Insular Cortex during the transition period into psychosis. Whether these longitudinal changes are features of the disorder or related to treatment with antipsychotic medication remains to be determined.
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Diagnostic specificity of the Insular Cortex abnormalities in first-episode psychotic disorders.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Michael Th H. Wong, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos PantelisAbstract:Volume reductions of the Insular Cortex have been described in schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether other psychotic disorders such as affective psychosis also exhibit Insular Cortex abnormalities. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the gray matter volume of the anterior (short) and posterior (long) Insular cortices in 162 first-episode patients with various psychotic disorders (46 schizophrenia, 57 schizophreniform disorder, 34 affective psychosis, and 25 other psychoses) and 62 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects. Patients with schizophrenia showed bilateral volume reduction of the anterior and posterior Insular cortices compared with controls, but the remaining first-episode psychosis subgroups had normal Insular volumes. The volumes of these Insular subregions were significantly smaller in schizophrenia patients than in patients with schizophreniform disorder or affective psychoses. There was no association between the Insular Cortex volume and daily dosage or type of antipsychotic medication in any patient group. These findings suggest that the widespread volume reduction of the Insular Cortex is specific to established schizophrenia, implicating its role in the neurobiology of clinical characteristics associated with schizophrenia.
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Follow-up MRI study of the Insular Cortex in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos PantelisAbstract:Morphologic abnormalities of the Insular Cortex have been described in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, but it remains unknown whether these abnormalities develop progressively over the course of the illness. In the current study, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 23 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 11 patients with chronic schizophrenia, and 26 healthy controls. The volumes of the short (anterior) and long (posterior) Insular cortices were measured on baseline and follow-up (between 1 and 4 years later) scans and were compared across groups. In cross-sectional comparison at baseline, the FEP and chronic schizophrenia patients had significantly smaller short Insular Cortex than did controls. In longitudinal comparison, the FEP patients showed significant gray matter reduction of the Insular Cortex over time (-4.3%/2.0 years) compared with controls (0.3%/2.2 years) without significant subregional effects, but there was no difference between chronic schizophrenia patients (-1.7%/2.4 years) and controls. The gray matter loss of the left Insular Cortex over time in FEP patients was correlated with the severity of positive and negative symptoms at follow-up. These findings indicate that patients with psychotic disorders have smaller gray matter volume of the Insular Cortex especially for its anterior portion (short insula) at first expression of overt psychosis, but also exhibit a regional progressive pathological process of the Insular Cortex during the early phase after the onset, which seems to reflect the subsequent symptomatology.
Michio Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gray Matter Changes in the Insular Cortex During the Course of the Schizophrenia Spectrum.
Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Mikio Kido, Daiki Sasabayashi, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Kyo Noguchi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Progressive gray matter reductions in the Insular Cortex have been reported in the early phases of schizophrenia (Sz); however, the trajectory of these reductions during the course of the illness currently remains unclear. Furthermore, it has not yet been established whether patients with schizotypal (SzTypal) features exhibit progressive changes in the Insular Cortex. This follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study examined volume changes in the short and long Insular cortices (mean inter-scan interval = 2.6 years) of 23 first-episode (FE) and 17 chronic patients with Sz, 14 with SzTypal disorder, and 21 healthy controls. Baseline comparisons revealed smaller Insular Cortex volumes bilaterally in Sz patients (particularly in the chronic group) than in SzTypal patients and healthy controls. FESz patients showed significantly larger gray matter reductions in the Insular Cortex over time (left: -3.4%/year; right: -2.9%/year) than those in healthy controls (-0.1%/year for both hemispheres) without the effect of subregion or antipsychotic medication, whereas chronic Sz (left: -1.5%/year; right: -1.6%/year) and SzTypal (left: 0.5%/year; right: -0.6%/year) patients did not. Active atrophy of the right Insular Cortex during FE correlated with fewer improvements in positive symptoms in the Sz groups, while mild atrophy of the left Insular Cortex during the chronic phase was associated with the severity of negative symptoms in the follow-up period. The present results support dynamic volumetric changes in the Insular Cortex being specific to overt Sz among the spectrum disorders examined and their degree and role in symptomatology appear to differ across the illness stages.
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Volumetric MRI study of the Insular Cortex in individuals with current and past major depression.
Journal of affective disorders, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Ryoichiro Tanino, Christos Pantelis, Murat Yücel, Valentina Lorenzetti, Sarah Whittle, Mark Walterfang, Nicholas B. AllenAbstract:Abstract Background Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the Insular Cortex in emotional processing, including the evaluation of one's own emotion, as well as in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether MDD patients exhibit morphologic changes of the Insular Cortex, and whether such changes reflect state or trait markers of the disorder. Methods We delineated the anterior and posterior Insular cortices using magnetic resonance imaging in 29 currently depressed patients (mean age = 32.5 years, 7 males), 27 remitted depressed patients (mean age = 35.1 years, 9 males), and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (mean age = 34.0 years, 12 males). Results Both current and remitted MDD patients showed significant volume reduction of the left anterior Insular Cortex as compared with healthy controls, but there was no group difference in the posterior Insular Cortex volume. Insular volumes did not correlate with the severity of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the presence of melancholia and co-morbidity with anxiety disorders did not affect Insular Cortex volumes. Limitations Although there was no difference in the Insular Cortex volume between medicated and unmedicated patients, a comprehensive investigation of medication effects was not possible, as complete data (e.g., dose, duration) were not available. Conclusions These findings suggest that the morphologic abnormality of the anterior Insular Cortex, which plays a major role in introspection and emotional control, may be a trait-related marker of vulnerability to major depression, supporting the notion that MDD involves pathological alterations of limbic and related cortical structures.
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Insular Cortex gray matter changes in individuals at ultra-high-risk of developing psychosis.
Schizophrenia research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Shi-yu Zhou, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Alison R Yung, Lisa J Phillips, Dennis VelakoulisAbstract:Morphologic abnormalities of the Insular Cortex have been described in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether these changes predate the onset of psychosis or develop progressively over the course of illness. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the gray matter volume of the long and short Insular cortices in 97 neuroleptic-naïve individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for developing psychosis [of whom 31 (32%) later developed psychosis (UHR-P) and 66 (68%) did not (UHR-NP)] and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy comparisons. We also conducted a longitudinal comparison of the Insular Cortex gray matter changes in 31 UHR individuals (20 UHR-NP and 11 UHR-P) and 20 controls for whom follow-up MRI data between 1 and 4 years later were available. In the cross-sectional comparison, the UHR-P subjects had a significantly smaller Insular Cortex compared with the UHR-NP subjects bilaterally and with the controls on the right hemisphere, especially for the short Insular region. More severe negative symptoms in UHR-P subjects at baseline were associated with smaller volumes of the right long Insular Cortex. In the longitudinal comparison, the UHR-P subjects showed greater gray matter reduction of Insular Cortex bilaterally (-5.0%/year) compared with controls (-0.4%/year) or UHR-NP subjects (-0.6%/year). Our findings suggest that Insular Cortex gray matter abnormalities in psychotic disorders may reflect pre-existing vulnerability, but that there are also active progressive changes of the Insular Cortex during the transition period into psychosis. Whether these longitudinal changes are features of the disorder or related to treatment with antipsychotic medication remains to be determined.
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Diagnostic specificity of the Insular Cortex abnormalities in first-episode psychotic disorders.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Michael Th H. Wong, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos PantelisAbstract:Volume reductions of the Insular Cortex have been described in schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether other psychotic disorders such as affective psychosis also exhibit Insular Cortex abnormalities. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the gray matter volume of the anterior (short) and posterior (long) Insular cortices in 162 first-episode patients with various psychotic disorders (46 schizophrenia, 57 schizophreniform disorder, 34 affective psychosis, and 25 other psychoses) and 62 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects. Patients with schizophrenia showed bilateral volume reduction of the anterior and posterior Insular cortices compared with controls, but the remaining first-episode psychosis subgroups had normal Insular volumes. The volumes of these Insular subregions were significantly smaller in schizophrenia patients than in patients with schizophreniform disorder or affective psychoses. There was no association between the Insular Cortex volume and daily dosage or type of antipsychotic medication in any patient group. These findings suggest that the widespread volume reduction of the Insular Cortex is specific to established schizophrenia, implicating its role in the neurobiology of clinical characteristics associated with schizophrenia.
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Follow-up MRI study of the Insular Cortex in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos PantelisAbstract:Morphologic abnormalities of the Insular Cortex have been described in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, but it remains unknown whether these abnormalities develop progressively over the course of the illness. In the current study, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 23 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 11 patients with chronic schizophrenia, and 26 healthy controls. The volumes of the short (anterior) and long (posterior) Insular cortices were measured on baseline and follow-up (between 1 and 4 years later) scans and were compared across groups. In cross-sectional comparison at baseline, the FEP and chronic schizophrenia patients had significantly smaller short Insular Cortex than did controls. In longitudinal comparison, the FEP patients showed significant gray matter reduction of the Insular Cortex over time (-4.3%/2.0 years) compared with controls (0.3%/2.2 years) without significant subregional effects, but there was no difference between chronic schizophrenia patients (-1.7%/2.4 years) and controls. The gray matter loss of the left Insular Cortex over time in FEP patients was correlated with the severity of positive and negative symptoms at follow-up. These findings indicate that patients with psychotic disorders have smaller gray matter volume of the Insular Cortex especially for its anterior portion (short insula) at first expression of overt psychosis, but also exhibit a regional progressive pathological process of the Insular Cortex during the early phase after the onset, which seems to reflect the subsequent symptomatology.
Francois Mauguiere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of the Insular Cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy
Annals of Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Jean Isnard, Marc Guenot, Karine Ostrowsky, M Sindou, Francois MauguiereAbstract:The role of the Insular Cortex in the genesis of temporal lobe epileptic (TLE) seizures has been investigated in 21 patients with drug-refractory TLE using chronic depth stereotactic recordings of the Insular Cortex activity and video recordings of ictal symptoms during 81 spontaneous electroclinical seizures. All of the recorded seizures were found to invade the insula, most often after a relay in the ipsilateral hippocampus (19/21 patients). However, 2 patients had seizures that originated in the Insular Cortex itself. Ictal symptoms associated with the Insular discharges were similar to those usually attributed to mesial temporal lobe seizures, so that scalp video-electroencephalographic monitoring does not permit making any difference between ictal symptoms of temporo-mesial and Insular discharges. A favorable outcome was obtained after a temporal cortectomy sparing the Insular Cortex in 15 of 17 operated patients. Seizures propagating to the Insular Cortex were found to be fully controlled by surgery, whereas those originating in the Insular Cortex persisted after temporal cortectomy. The fact that seizures originating in the Insular Cortex are not influenced by temporal lobectomy is likely to explain some of the failures of this surgical procedure in TLE.
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functional mapping of the Insular Cortex clinical implication in temporal lobe epilepsy
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Karine Ostrowsky, Jean Isnard, Marc Guenot, Philippe Ryvlin, Catherine Fischer, Francois MauguiereAbstract:Summary: Purpose: We report the results of 75 intracortical electrical stimulations of the Insular Cortex performed in 14 patients during stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) investigation of drug-resistant partial epilepsy. The Insular Cortex was investigated on electroclinical arguments suggesting the possibility of a perisylvian spread or a rapid multilobar diffusion of the discharges during video EEG. Methods: In these 14 patients, 27 stereotactically implanted transopercular electrodes reached the Insular Cortex (11 the right insula, 16 the left insula). Square pulses of current were applied between the two deepest adjacent contacts of each transopercular electrode using low (1 Hz) or high-frequency (50 Hz) stimulation. Only symptoms evoked in the absence of afterdischarges were analyzed. Results: Clinical responses were evoked in 10 of the 14 patients (in 20 of the 27 Insular sites) and showed a clear topographic specificity inside the Insular Cortex. Viscerosensitive and visceromotor responses, similar to those evoked by temporomesial stimulation, were evoked by anterior Insular stimulation and somesthetic sensation, similar to those evoked by opercular Cortex stimulation, by posterior Insular stimulation. Conclusions: The topographic organization of the induced responses within the Insular Cortex suggest that two different cortical networks, a visceral network extending to the temporomesial structures and a somesthetic network reaching the opercular Cortex, are disturbed with stimulation of the anterior or the posterior insula, respectively. Thus ictal symptoms associated with the spread of the epileptic discharges to the Insular Cortex might be difficult to distinguish from those usually reported during temporomesial or opercular discharges.
Christos Pantelis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Volumetric MRI study of the Insular Cortex in individuals with current and past major depression.
Journal of affective disorders, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Ryoichiro Tanino, Christos Pantelis, Murat Yücel, Valentina Lorenzetti, Sarah Whittle, Mark Walterfang, Nicholas B. AllenAbstract:Abstract Background Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the Insular Cortex in emotional processing, including the evaluation of one's own emotion, as well as in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether MDD patients exhibit morphologic changes of the Insular Cortex, and whether such changes reflect state or trait markers of the disorder. Methods We delineated the anterior and posterior Insular cortices using magnetic resonance imaging in 29 currently depressed patients (mean age = 32.5 years, 7 males), 27 remitted depressed patients (mean age = 35.1 years, 9 males), and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (mean age = 34.0 years, 12 males). Results Both current and remitted MDD patients showed significant volume reduction of the left anterior Insular Cortex as compared with healthy controls, but there was no group difference in the posterior Insular Cortex volume. Insular volumes did not correlate with the severity of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the presence of melancholia and co-morbidity with anxiety disorders did not affect Insular Cortex volumes. Limitations Although there was no difference in the Insular Cortex volume between medicated and unmedicated patients, a comprehensive investigation of medication effects was not possible, as complete data (e.g., dose, duration) were not available. Conclusions These findings suggest that the morphologic abnormality of the anterior Insular Cortex, which plays a major role in introspection and emotional control, may be a trait-related marker of vulnerability to major depression, supporting the notion that MDD involves pathological alterations of limbic and related cortical structures.
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Diagnostic specificity of the Insular Cortex abnormalities in first-episode psychotic disorders.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Michael Th H. Wong, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos PantelisAbstract:Volume reductions of the Insular Cortex have been described in schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether other psychotic disorders such as affective psychosis also exhibit Insular Cortex abnormalities. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the gray matter volume of the anterior (short) and posterior (long) Insular cortices in 162 first-episode patients with various psychotic disorders (46 schizophrenia, 57 schizophreniform disorder, 34 affective psychosis, and 25 other psychoses) and 62 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects. Patients with schizophrenia showed bilateral volume reduction of the anterior and posterior Insular cortices compared with controls, but the remaining first-episode psychosis subgroups had normal Insular volumes. The volumes of these Insular subregions were significantly smaller in schizophrenia patients than in patients with schizophreniform disorder or affective psychoses. There was no association between the Insular Cortex volume and daily dosage or type of antipsychotic medication in any patient group. These findings suggest that the widespread volume reduction of the Insular Cortex is specific to established schizophrenia, implicating its role in the neurobiology of clinical characteristics associated with schizophrenia.
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Follow-up MRI study of the Insular Cortex in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio Suzuki, Stephen J. Wood, Bridget Soulsby, Ryoichiro Tanino, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos PantelisAbstract:Morphologic abnormalities of the Insular Cortex have been described in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, but it remains unknown whether these abnormalities develop progressively over the course of the illness. In the current study, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 23 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 11 patients with chronic schizophrenia, and 26 healthy controls. The volumes of the short (anterior) and long (posterior) Insular cortices were measured on baseline and follow-up (between 1 and 4 years later) scans and were compared across groups. In cross-sectional comparison at baseline, the FEP and chronic schizophrenia patients had significantly smaller short Insular Cortex than did controls. In longitudinal comparison, the FEP patients showed significant gray matter reduction of the Insular Cortex over time (-4.3%/2.0 years) compared with controls (0.3%/2.2 years) without significant subregional effects, but there was no difference between chronic schizophrenia patients (-1.7%/2.4 years) and controls. The gray matter loss of the left Insular Cortex over time in FEP patients was correlated with the severity of positive and negative symptoms at follow-up. These findings indicate that patients with psychotic disorders have smaller gray matter volume of the Insular Cortex especially for its anterior portion (short insula) at first expression of overt psychosis, but also exhibit a regional progressive pathological process of the Insular Cortex during the early phase after the onset, which seems to reflect the subsequent symptomatology.
John P. Christianson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Insular Cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli.
Nature neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Morgan M. Rogers-carter, Juan A. Varela, Katherine B. Gribbons, Anne F. Pierce, Morgan T. Mcgoey, Maureen Ritchey, John P. ChristiansonAbstract:Social animals detect the affective states of conspecifics and utilize this information to orchestrate social interactions. In a social affective preference text in which experimental adult male rats could interact with either naive or stressed conspecifics, the experimental rats either approached or avoided the stressed conspecific, depending upon the age of the conspecific. Specifically, experimental rats approached stressed juveniles but avoided stressed adults. Inhibition of Insular Cortex, which is implicated in social cognition, and blockade of Insular oxytocin receptors disrupted the social affective behaviors. Oxytocin application increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in acute Insular Cortex slices, and Insular oxytocin administration recapitulated the behaviors observed toward stressed conspecifics. Network analysis of c-Fos immunoreactivity in 29 regions identified functional connectivity between Insular Cortex, prefrontal Cortex, amygdala and the social decision-making network. These results implicate Insular Cortex as a key component in the circuit underlying age-dependent social responses to stressed conspecifics.
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Insular Cortex Mediates Approach And Avoidance Responses To Social Affective Stimuli
2017Co-Authors: Morgan M. Rogers-carter, Juan A. Varela, Katherine B. Gribbons, Anne F. Pierce, Morgan T. Mcgoey, John P. ChristiansonAbstract:Social animals detect the affective states of others and utilize this information to orchestrate appropriate social interactions. Social affective behaviors include avoiding sick individuals, reproductive acts, and cooperative behaviors. In a social affective behavioral test in which experimental adult rats were given the choice to interact with either naive or distressed conspecifics, the experimental rats demonstrated both approach and avoidant social affective behaviors depending upon the age of the conspecific; experimental adult rats approached the distressed juvenile but avoided the stressed adult. Optogenetic inhibition of the Insular Cortex, a region implicated in social cognition, disrupted these social affective behaviors. Receptors for the social nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) are found in high density within the Insular Cortex and oxytocin increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in acute Insular Cortex slices. Insular blockade of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) eliminated the social affective behaviors, while direct administration of OT to Insular Cortex recapitulated the behaviors typically observed in response to distressed conspecifics. These results implicate the Insular Cortex as a novel target of OT and a critical circuit component underlying the detection and use of social affective cues to coordinate species-specific social behaviors to others in distress.