The Experts below are selected from a list of 78 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ruth Mossad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Optimization of the Ventilation System for a Forced Ventilation Piggery
    Journal of Green Building, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ruth Mossad
    Abstract:

    Pigs are subjected to intensive environment control and management in order to achieve higher productivity. This is due to their sensitivity to climatic variation, which strongly affects their growth. This paper reports the design optimization of a forced ventilation piggery using computational fl uid dynamics. This numerical investigation determined the effect of varying the number of ventilation openings and their location on the air fl ow pattern, speed, temperature, power needed, ability to remove heat and residence time. The effect of varying the ventilation rate in a range (0.05 – 0.8 m3/s), and ambient temperatures of 5°C and 32°C was also investigated. The modeled piggery has dimensions 40 m × 15 m × 2.6 m, with central walkway and gable roof with the apex at 3.9 m and is a common design in Australia. A steady-state two-dimensional numerical model based on the Integral Volume method, including the effects of buoyancy and heat generated by the pigs, was solved using the computational fl uid dynamics software “Fluent.” Four designs were investigated and an optimum design, which facilitates better ventilation of the majority of the room, has been identifi ed. In summer, an inlet velocity has been recommended which achieves optimum environment inside the piggery meeting the pigs’ thermal comfort criteria with minimum power usage. During winter it became obvious that heating has to be used in all designs to be able to meet the pigs’ thermal comfort criteria.

  • Numerical modelling of air temperature and velocity in a forced ventilation piggery
    Journal of Thermal Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: Ruth Mossad
    Abstract:

    Pigs are subjected to intensive environment control and management for higher productivity due to their sensitivity to climatic variation, which affects their growth. The aim of the current work is to numerically model the air speed and temperature in a forced ventilation piggery to achieve optimum environmental control. This work can also help to identify problems in the design of piggeries and offer suggestions for improvements. A steady two-dimensional numerical model including the effect of buoyancy, turbulence and heat generated by the pigs was solved using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent, using the Integral Volume method. Air speed and temperature inside the piggery and at the pigs’ level were predicted for three different locations of ventilation opening, inlet velocities in the range (0.3 - 7 m/s), insulation or no insulation in the external walls, and for 5 °C and 32 °C ambient temperatures.

Takashi Ishizu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of creaming precipitate of tea catechins and caffeine in aqueous solution
    Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2012
    Co-Authors: Takashi Sato, Yoshifumi Kinoshita, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Hideji Yamamoto, Takashi Ishizu
    Abstract:

    The content of a crude precipitate formed by creaming, which was made from a catechin mixture and caffeine, was investigated by an Integral Volume of H-2 proton signals of tea catechins in the 1H-NMR spectrum. Gallated catechins formed a crude precipitate more predominantly than non-gallated catechins. The 2,3-cis-non-gallated catechin (−)-epicatechin (EC) formed a 1 : 1 complex with caffeine, and 2,3-cis-gallated catechin (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) formed a 2 : 4 complex with caffeine. The π–π complexation site of EC with caffeine was only the A ring, whereas that of ECg included all aromatic rings, A, B, and B′. It was thought that the hydrophobicity of the 2 : 4 complex of ECg and caffeine was stronger than that of the 1 : 1 complex of EC and caffeine, with the result that the 2 : 4 complex of ECg and caffeine precipitated by creaming more predominantly than the 1 : 1 complex of EC and caffeine in aqueous solution.

  • Stereochemical Structure and Intermolecular Interaction of Complexes of (−)-Gallocatechin-3-O-gallate and Caffeine
    Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Takashi Sato, Takashi Ishizu
    Abstract:

    A suspension containing an equimolecular amount of (−)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GCg) and caffeine in water was heated at 90 °C for 30 min to give a 1 : 2 complex of GCg and caffeine. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of crystal of the 1 : 2 complex showed that π–π interactions formed between the A, B′ rings of GCg and the two six-membered rings of caffeine. Whereas, the same suspension was heated at 90 °C for 30 s to give a sticky substance, which contained GCg, caffeine, and water at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 22 based on measurement of the Integral Volume of 1H-NMR signals. The sticky substance crystallized slowly to give a 2 : 2 complex of GCg and caffeine. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of crystal of the 2 : 2 complex showed that the A and C rings of GCg moieties faced each other, and face-to-face π–π interactions formed between the B ring of GCg and caffeine, the B′ ring of GCg and caffeine.

  • stereochemical structure and intermolecular interaction of complexes of gallocatechin 3 o gallate and caffeine
    Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Takashi Sato, Takashi Ishizu
    Abstract:

    A suspension containing an equimolecular amount of (−)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GCg) and caffeine in water was heated at 90 °C for 30 min to give a 1 : 2 complex of GCg and caffeine. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of crystal of the 1 : 2 complex showed that π–π interactions formed between the A, B′ rings of GCg and the two six-membered rings of caffeine. Whereas, the same suspension was heated at 90 °C for 30 s to give a sticky substance, which contained GCg, caffeine, and water at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 22 based on measurement of the Integral Volume of 1H-NMR signals. The sticky substance crystallized slowly to give a 2 : 2 complex of GCg and caffeine. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of crystal of the 2 : 2 complex showed that the A and C rings of GCg moieties faced each other, and face-to-face π–π interactions formed between the B ring of GCg and caffeine, the B′ ring of GCg and caffeine.

Edward Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Compact and trabecular components of the spine using quantitative computed tomography
    Calcified Tissue International, 1992
    Co-Authors: Tamas Sandor, Dieter Felsenberg, Willi A. Kalender, Alisabet Clain, Edward Brown
    Abstract:

    A computer algorithm was employed to quantify separately cortical and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) from single energy computed tomography (CT) scans of 139 vertebrae (L1–L3) of 50 normal female subjects. In addition, the trabecular-to-Integral and cortical-to-Integral mass ratios were determined using digital image segmentation techniques. They showed that for the central 8-mm vertebral slice, the mass of Integral bone consists of about one-fifth trabecular and four-fifth cortical bone. The trabecular-to-Integral Volume ratios were 0.37±0.08 and 0.63±0.08, respectively. Based on cross-sectional data from this subject group, the average annual loss was -2.21±0.15 mg/cm^3 or-1.84±0.12% for trabecular bone, -3.15±0.25 mg/cm^3 or-1.01±0.08% for cortical bone, and -2.60±0.20 mg/cm^3 or -1.09±0.09% for the Integral bone. The proportions of the age-related los of BMD from the Integral bone which originated from trabecular and cortical bone were 29.5 and 70.5%, respectively.

Sergey A Karabasov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a Volume Integral implementation of the goldstein generalised acoustic analogy for unsteady flow simulations
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Vasily Semiletov, Sergey A Karabasov
    Abstract:

    A new Volume Integral method based on the Goldstein generalised acoustic analogy is developed and directly applied with large-eddy simulation (LES). In comparison with the existing Goldstein generalised acoustic analogy implementations, the current method does not require the computation and recording of the expensive fluctuating stress autocovariance function in the seven-dimensional space–time. Until now, the multidimensional complexity of the generalised acoustic analogy source term has been the main barrier to using it in routine engineering calculations. The new method only requires local pointwise stresses as an input that can be routinely computed during the flow simulation. On the other hand, the new method is mathematically equivalent to the original Goldstein acoustic analogy formulation, and, thus, allows for a direct correspondence between different effective noise sources in the jet and the far-field noise spectra. The implementation is performed for conditions of a high-speed subsonic isothermal jet corresponding to the Rolls-Royce SILOET experiment and uses the LES solution based on the CABARET solver. The flow and noise solutions are validated by comparison with experiment. The accuracy and robustness of the Integral Volume implementation of the generalised acoustic analogy are compared with those based on the standard Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings surface Integral method and the conventional Lighthill acoustic analogy. As a demonstration of its capabilities to investigate jet noise mechanisms, the new Integral Volume method is applied to analyse the relative importance of various noise generation and propagation components within the Goldstein generalised acoustic analogy model.

Harry K Genant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of the cathepsin k inhibitor ono 5334 on trabecular and cortical bone in postmenopausal osteoporosis the ocean study
    Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Klaus Engelke, Shinichi Nagase, T Fuerst, Maria Small, Tomohiro Kuwayama, Stephen Deacon, Richard Eastell, Harry K Genant
    Abstract:

    ONO-5334 (Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) inhibits cathepsin K and has been shown to increase areal bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) allows the study of the cortical and trabecular bone separately and provides structural information such as cortical thickness. We investigated the impact of 2 years of cathepsin K inhibition on these different bone compartments with ONO-5334. The clinical study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo, and active controlled parallel group study conducted in 13 centers in six European countries. The original study period of 12 months was extended by another 12 months. A total of 147 subjects (age 55–75 years) of the QCT substudy who participated in the extension period were included. Subjects had been randomized into one of five treatment arms: placebo; ONO-5334 50 mg twice per day (BID); ONO-5334 100 mg once daily (QD); ONO-5334 300 mg QD; or alendronate 70 mg once weekly (QW). QCT was obtained to evaluate bone structure at the lumbar spine and proximal femur. After 24 months ONO-5334 showed statistically significant increases versus placebo for Integral, trabecular, and cortical BMD at the spine and the hip (for ONO-5334 300 mg QD, BMD increases were 10.5%, 7.1%, and 13.4% for Integral, cortical, and trabecular BMD at the spine, respectively, and 6.2%, 3.4%, and 14.6% for Integral, cortical, and trabecular total femur BMD, respectively). Changes in cortical and trabecular BMD in the spine and hip were similar for alendronate as for ONO-5334. Integral Volume did not demonstrate statistically significant changes under ONO-5334 treatment, thus there was no evidence of periosteal apposition, neither at the spine nor at the femur. Cortical thickness changes were not statistically significant for ONO-5334 in the spine and hip, with exception of a 2.1% increase after month 24 in the intertrochanter for ONO-5334 300 mg QD. Over 2 years ONO-5334 showed a statistically significant and persistent increase of trabecular and Integral BMD at the spine and the hip. Cortical BMD also progressively increased but at a lower rate. Changes in bone size and of periosteal apposition were not observed. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.