The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Joseph Grasela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Peter Greaves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • 2 – Integumentary System
    Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies, 2007
    Co-Authors: Peter Greaves
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary The chapter discusses various aspects of the Integumentary System. Skin lesions are one of the most common adverse reactions to drugs in clinical practice. Different components of the skin, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, and vascular endothelial cells can form the primary target for cutaneous toxicity, and may have a role in the determination of clinical symptoms. The principal barrier function of the skin resides in the stratum corneum, and there are considerable species and regional differences in the thickness of this layer. Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues occur following the loss of integrity of the epidermal barrier as a result of abrasions and minor everyday traumas occurring naturally among laboratory animals. Interspecies comparisons of the skin irritancy potential of chemicals have shown that neither the rabbit nor the guinea pig skin model is entirely reliable as a predictive model for humans and that there may be a degree of over- or under-prediction, depending on the type or potency of irritant substances. The inflammation induced by implanted biomaterials is also elaborated in the chapter.

  • 2 Integumentary System
    Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies (Third Edition)#R##N#Interpretation and Relevance in Drug Safety Evaluation, 2007
    Co-Authors: Peter Greaves
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary The chapter discusses various aspects of the Integumentary System. Skin lesions are one of the most common adverse reactions to drugs in clinical practice. Different components of the skin, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, and vascular endothelial cells can form the primary target for cutaneous toxicity, and may have a role in the determination of clinical symptoms. The principal barrier function of the skin resides in the stratum corneum, and there are considerable species and regional differences in the thickness of this layer. Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues occur following the loss of integrity of the epidermal barrier as a result of abrasions and minor everyday traumas occurring naturally among laboratory animals. Interspecies comparisons of the skin irritancy potential of chemicals have shown that neither the rabbit nor the guinea pig skin model is entirely reliable as a predictive model for humans and that there may be a degree of over- or under-prediction, depending on the type or potency of irritant substances. The inflammation induced by implanted biomaterials is also elaborated in the chapter.

  • I – Integumentary System
    Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies, 2000
    Co-Authors: Peter Greaves
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Integumentary System. Different components of the skin, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells and vascular endothelial cells, can form the primary target for cutaneous toxicity. The skin may also exhibit alterations that are manifestations of Systemic pathological processes. The skin functions in a unique way as an immunological organ, in which keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and T-lymphocytes form an integrated System mediating cutaneous immunosurveillance. Increased pigmentation (hyperpigmentation) of the human skin results from treatment with a number of Systemically administered drugs. The chapter explores classifications of skin tumours. A wide variety of different tumour types have been described under these general headings in man, particularly those showing various types of differentiation toward epithelial appendages. Tumour subtypes showing a variety of epithelial differentiation patterns are observed in aged rodents, but they have been generally less well categorized. Although soft tissue neoplasms show some interspecies variation, there are fewer differences between the soft tissue tumours occurring in the usual experimental species and man than has commonly been supposed. This chapter concludes that despite advances in knowledge of the role of skin in the modulation of cutaneous immune responses, it may not be possible to predict the occurrence of adverse drug-induced skin reactions in man, based on animal models. Such reactions may only become evident in large-scale clinical trials, or in general clinical practice following marketing of novel agents.

  • i Integumentary System
    Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies (Second Edition)#R##N#Interpretation and Relevance in Drug Safety Studies, 2000
    Co-Authors: Peter Greaves
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Integumentary System. Different components of the skin, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells and vascular endothelial cells, can form the primary target for cutaneous toxicity. The skin may also exhibit alterations that are manifestations of Systemic pathological processes. The skin functions in a unique way as an immunological organ, in which keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and T-lymphocytes form an integrated System mediating cutaneous immunosurveillance. Increased pigmentation (hyperpigmentation) of the human skin results from treatment with a number of Systemically administered drugs. The chapter explores classifications of skin tumours. A wide variety of different tumour types have been described under these general headings in man, particularly those showing various types of differentiation toward epithelial appendages. Tumour subtypes showing a variety of epithelial differentiation patterns are observed in aged rodents, but they have been generally less well categorized. Although soft tissue neoplasms show some interspecies variation, there are fewer differences between the soft tissue tumours occurring in the usual experimental species and man than has commonly been supposed. This chapter concludes that despite advances in knowledge of the role of skin in the modulation of cutaneous immune responses, it may not be possible to predict the occurrence of adverse drug-induced skin reactions in man, based on animal models. Such reactions may only become evident in large-scale clinical trials, or in general clinical practice following marketing of novel agents.

Patricia E. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Connexins and pannexins in the Integumentary System: the skin and appendages
    Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chrysovalantou Faniku, Catherine S. Wright, Patricia E. Martin
    Abstract:

    The Integumentary System comprises the skin and its appendages, which includes hair, nails, feathers, sebaceous and eccrine glands. In this review, we focus on the expression profile of connexins and pannexins throughout the Integumentary System in mammals, birds and fish. We provide a picture of the complexity of the connexin/pannexin network illustrating functional importance of these proteins in maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier. The differential regulation and expression of connexins and pannexins during skin renewal, together with a number of epidermal, hair and nail abnormalities associated with mutations in connexins, emphasize that the correct balance of connexin and pannexin expression is critical for maintenance of the skin and its appendages with both channel and non-channel functions playing profound roles. Changes in connexin expression during both hair and feather regeneration provide suggestions of specialized communication compartments. Finally, we discuss the potential use of zebrafish as a model for connexin skin biology, where evidence mounts that differential connexin expression is involved in skin patterning and pigmentation.

Bryan . Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Chrysovalantou Faniku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Connexins and pannexins in the Integumentary System: the skin and appendages
    Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chrysovalantou Faniku, Catherine S. Wright, Patricia E. Martin
    Abstract:

    The Integumentary System comprises the skin and its appendages, which includes hair, nails, feathers, sebaceous and eccrine glands. In this review, we focus on the expression profile of connexins and pannexins throughout the Integumentary System in mammals, birds and fish. We provide a picture of the complexity of the connexin/pannexin network illustrating functional importance of these proteins in maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier. The differential regulation and expression of connexins and pannexins during skin renewal, together with a number of epidermal, hair and nail abnormalities associated with mutations in connexins, emphasize that the correct balance of connexin and pannexin expression is critical for maintenance of the skin and its appendages with both channel and non-channel functions playing profound roles. Changes in connexin expression during both hair and feather regeneration provide suggestions of specialized communication compartments. Finally, we discuss the potential use of zebrafish as a model for connexin skin biology, where evidence mounts that differential connexin expression is involved in skin patterning and pigmentation.