The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jay Joseph Van Bavel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Clarifying the Role of Perception in Intergroup Relations: Origins of Bias, Components of Perception, and Practical Implications
Psychological Inquiry, 2016Co-Authors: Y. Jenny Xiao, Géraldine Coppin, Jay Joseph Van BavelAbstract:In our target article, we proposed the Perceptual Model of Intergroup Relations (PMIR) to conceptualize the role of perception in Intergroup Relations (Xiao, Coppin, & Van Bavel, this issue). According to the model, social identity can alter information processing across perceptual modalities (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory and gustatory perception) and this process can influence Intergroup Relations. Since the Relationship between social group identification and Intergroup Relations has been well established, we focused more on the effect of social identity on perception, with attention to implications for behavior. We also highlighted gaps in the existing literature and outlined areas for future research. The PMIR offers a broad set of guidelines for social psychologists to study perception as a function of social group dynamics, and for perception researchers to consider social influences. Uncovering the role of perception in Intergroup Relations offers novel insights into the construction of shared reality and may help devise new and unique interventions targeted at the perceptual level. The current paper expands on our target article by clarifying the origins of bias, components of perception, and practical implications of the PMIR.
-
perceiving the world through group colored glasses a perceptual model of Intergroup Relations
Psychological Inquiry, 2016Co-Authors: Jenny Y Xiao, Géraldine Coppin, Jay Joseph Van BavelAbstract:ABSTRACTExtensive research has investigated societal and behavioral consequences of social group affiliation and identification but has been relatively silent on the role of perception in Intergroup Relations. We propose the perceptual model of Intergroup Relations to conceptualize how Intergroup Relations are grounded in perception. We review the growing literature on how Intergroup dynamics shape perception across different sensory modalities and argue that these perceptual processes mediate Intergroup Relations. The model provides a starting point for social psychologists to study perception as a function of social group dynamics and for perception researchers to consider social influences. We highlight several gaps in the literature and outline areas for future research. Uncovering the role of perception in Intergroup Relations offers novel insights into the construction of shared reality and may help devise new and unique interventions targeted at the perceptual level.
-
the neuroscience of Intergroup Relations an integrative review
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2014Co-Authors: Mina Cikara, Jay Joseph Van BavelAbstract:We review emerging research on the psychological and biological factors that underlie social group formation, cooperation, and conflict in humans. Our aim is to integrate the Intergroup neuroscience literature with classic theories of group processes and Intergroup Relations in an effort to move beyond merely describing the effects of specific social out-groups on the brain and behavior. Instead, we emphasize the underlying psychological processes that govern Intergroup interactions more generally: forming and updating our representations of “us” and “them” via social identification and functional Relations between groups. This approach highlights the dynamic nature of social identity and the context-dependent nature of Intergroup Relations. We argue that this theoretical integration can help reconcile seemingly discrepant findings in the literature, provide organizational principles for understanding the core elements of Intergroup dynamics, and highlight several exciting directions for future research a...
Adam B. Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Religion’s Profound Influences on Psychology: Morality, Intergroup Relations, Self-Construal, and Enculturation
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Adam B. CohenAbstract:Religion affects psychological processes in many important ways and is the subject of increasing attention on the part of psychologists. I discuss four reasons why religion is important, including that religion is a central foundation for moral judgment (e.g., Protestants but not Jews find lustful thoughts to be morally suspect) and that religion strongly affects Intergroup Relations (e.g., theology regarding forgiveness affects Intergroup Relations). I then propose that religion broadly shapes self-construal (e.g., Protestants tend toward independent selves) and that the myriad ways in which religion shapes individuals’ psychologies is a complex issue that can be instructive in terms of how culture gets inside people’s heads.
-
religion s profound influences on psychology morality Intergroup Relations self construal and enculturation
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Adam B. CohenAbstract:Religion affects psychological processes in many important ways and is the subject of increasing attention on the part of psychologists. I discuss four reasons why religion is important, including that religion is a central foundation for moral judgment (e.g., Protestants but not Jews find lustful thoughts to be morally suspect) and that religion strongly affects Intergroup Relations (e.g., theology regarding forgiveness affects Intergroup Relations). I then propose that religion broadly shapes self-construal (e.g., Protestants tend toward independent selves) and that the myriad ways in which religion shapes individuals’ psychologies is a complex issue that can be instructive in terms of how culture gets inside people’s heads.
Florian Van Leeuwen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
safety threat and stress in Intergroup Relations a coalitional index model
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Pascal R Boyer, Rengin B Firat, Florian Van LeeuwenAbstract:Contact between people from different groups triggers specific individual- and group-level responses, ranging from attitudes and emotions to welfare and health outcomes. Standard social psychological perspectives do not yet provide an integrated, causal model of these phenomena. As an alternative, we describe a coalitional perspective. Human psychology includes evolved cognitive systems designed to garner support from other individuals, organize and maintain alliances, and measure potential support from group members. Relations between alliances are strongly influenced by threat detection mechanisms, which are sensitive to cues that express that one’s own group will provide less support or that other groups are dangerous. Repeated perceptions of such threat cues can lead to chronic stress. The model provides a parsimonious explanation for many individual-level effects of Intergroup Relations and group level disparities in health and well-being. This perspective suggests new research directions aimed at understanding the psychological processes involved in Intergroup Relations.
John F Dovidio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
improving Intergroup Relations
Current opinion in psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Fabian M H Schellhaas, John F DovidioAbstract:Understanding the psychological processes that shape Intergroup Relations and sometimes fuel bias and conflict can help inform interventions to improve Intergroup Relations. This article examines psychological processes of social perception and cognition that are integral to Intergroup Relations and discusses how these forces can be redirected to improve Intergroup Relations, often through the experience of positive Intergroup contact. We further consider how members of socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups may respond differently to interventions, and how a focus primarily on promoting positive Intergroup attitudes may fall short of ameliorating structural inequality between groups. We identify current conceptual and practical challenges and suggest directions for future research.
-
bridging intragroup processes and Intergroup Relations needing the twain to meet
British Journal of Social Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: John F DovidioAbstract:: Despite their shared focus on groups, research bridging intragroup processes and Intergroup Relations is surprisingly rare. The goal of the present article is to highlight how understanding the reciprocal Relationship between intragroup processes and Intergroup Relations offers valuable new insights into both topics and suggests new, productive avenues for research and theory development - particularly for understanding and improving Intergroup Relations. The article next briefly reviews key findings from three dominant frameworks in the field of Intergroup Relations: social cognition, social identity, and functional Relations. It then discusses the complementary role of Intergroup and intragroup dynamics, reviewing how Intergroup Relations can affect intragroup processes and then discussing how intragroup dynamics can shape Intergroup Relations. The final section considers the implications, theoretical and practical, of the proposed reciprocal Relationships between intragroup and Intergroup processes.
-
empathy and Intergroup Relations
2010Co-Authors: John F Dovidio, James D Johnson, Samuel L Gaertner, Adam R Pearson, Tamar SaguyAbstract:Empathy has received increasing empirical attention in the study of Intergroup Relations. Much of this research has focused on the potential of interventions that generate empathy for improving Intergroup attitudes and reducing Intergroup bias. Specifically, this work typically explores how empathy mediates the effects of various manipulations, such as direct instructions to imagine how an outgroup member feels on participants' attitudes toward the outgroup as a whole. In this chapter, we offer complementary perspectives on the role of empathy in Intergroup Relations. In addition, we examine other potential roles of empathy in Intergroup Relations, considering the direct impact of Intergroup empathy on behavior and how Intergroup attitudes can moderate the arousal of empathy and its subsequent Intergroup impact. We consider three perspectives on the Relations among empathy, Intergroup attitudes, and group membership. Our goal is not to test these as corn-
David M Amodio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the social neuroscience of Intergroup Relations
European Review of Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: David M AmodioAbstract:The social neuroscience approach integrates theories and methods of social psychology and neuroscience to address questions about social behaviour at multiple levels of analysis. This approach has been especially popular in the domain of Intergroup Relations, in part because this area of research provides a rich context for connecting basic neurocognitive mechanisms to higher-level interpersonal, group, and societal processes. Here I provide a brief description of the social neuroscience approach, and then review research that has used this approach to advance theories of (a) implicit racial bias and their effects on behaviour, (b) the self-regulation of Intergroup responses, and (c) prejudice reduction. I also describe how the social neuroscience perspective suggests some important refinements to theoretical conceptions of implicit bias, prejudice control, and prejudice reduction.
