The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steven A. Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the mrl mpj mouse
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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Absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the MRL/MpJ mouse.
Arthritis and rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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joint degeneration following closed Intraarticular Fracture in the mouse knee a model of posttraumatic arthritis
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2007Co-Authors: Bridgette D Furman, Benjamin D. Ward, Farshid Guilak, Jens Strand, Chad W Hembree, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Posttraumatic arthritis is one of the most frequent causes of disability following joint trauma. The objective of this study was to develop a model of a closed articular Fracture in the mouse knee joint to quantify the temporal sequence of joint degeneration in a model of posttraumatic arthritis. Closed Intraarticular Fractures were created in the tibial plateau of adult mice (C57BL/6) using a computer-controlled materials testing system and a custom-built indenter tip. Tibial plateau Fractures were classified and imaged over time using high-resolution digital radiography. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 50 weeks following Fracture, and the experimental and contralateral control limbs were harvested for histology and micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis. By radiographic analysis, tibial plateau Fractures closely resembled clinical Fractures. More complex and comminuted Fractures correlated to significantly higher Fracture energies. Histologic analysis demonstrated progressive joint degeneration as measured by a modified Mankin scale, with fibrillation and loss of proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. Subchondral bone thickening was also observed in experimental joints. The induction of a closed Intraarticular Fracture of the mouse tibial plateau generated a reproducible and clinically relevant joint injury that progressed to osteoarthritis-like changes by histologic and microCT evaluations. The ability to induce joint degeneration without an osteotomy or open arthrotomy provides a valuable new model for studying the natural sequelae of posttraumatic arthritis. Notably, the use of a murine model will facilitate the use of genetically modified animals for the investigation of specific genes implicated in the pathology of posttraumatic arthritis.
Bridgette D Furman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the mrl mpj mouse
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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Absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the MRL/MpJ mouse.
Arthritis and rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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joint degeneration following closed Intraarticular Fracture in the mouse knee a model of posttraumatic arthritis
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2007Co-Authors: Bridgette D Furman, Benjamin D. Ward, Farshid Guilak, Jens Strand, Chad W Hembree, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Posttraumatic arthritis is one of the most frequent causes of disability following joint trauma. The objective of this study was to develop a model of a closed articular Fracture in the mouse knee joint to quantify the temporal sequence of joint degeneration in a model of posttraumatic arthritis. Closed Intraarticular Fractures were created in the tibial plateau of adult mice (C57BL/6) using a computer-controlled materials testing system and a custom-built indenter tip. Tibial plateau Fractures were classified and imaged over time using high-resolution digital radiography. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 50 weeks following Fracture, and the experimental and contralateral control limbs were harvested for histology and micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis. By radiographic analysis, tibial plateau Fractures closely resembled clinical Fractures. More complex and comminuted Fractures correlated to significantly higher Fracture energies. Histologic analysis demonstrated progressive joint degeneration as measured by a modified Mankin scale, with fibrillation and loss of proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. Subchondral bone thickening was also observed in experimental joints. The induction of a closed Intraarticular Fracture of the mouse tibial plateau generated a reproducible and clinically relevant joint injury that progressed to osteoarthritis-like changes by histologic and microCT evaluations. The ability to induce joint degeneration without an osteotomy or open arthrotomy provides a valuable new model for studying the natural sequelae of posttraumatic arthritis. Notably, the use of a murine model will facilitate the use of genetically modified animals for the investigation of specific genes implicated in the pathology of posttraumatic arthritis.
Benjamin D. Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the mrl mpj mouse
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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Absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the MRL/MpJ mouse.
Arthritis and rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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joint degeneration following closed Intraarticular Fracture in the mouse knee a model of posttraumatic arthritis
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2007Co-Authors: Bridgette D Furman, Benjamin D. Ward, Farshid Guilak, Jens Strand, Chad W Hembree, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Posttraumatic arthritis is one of the most frequent causes of disability following joint trauma. The objective of this study was to develop a model of a closed articular Fracture in the mouse knee joint to quantify the temporal sequence of joint degeneration in a model of posttraumatic arthritis. Closed Intraarticular Fractures were created in the tibial plateau of adult mice (C57BL/6) using a computer-controlled materials testing system and a custom-built indenter tip. Tibial plateau Fractures were classified and imaged over time using high-resolution digital radiography. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 50 weeks following Fracture, and the experimental and contralateral control limbs were harvested for histology and micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis. By radiographic analysis, tibial plateau Fractures closely resembled clinical Fractures. More complex and comminuted Fractures correlated to significantly higher Fracture energies. Histologic analysis demonstrated progressive joint degeneration as measured by a modified Mankin scale, with fibrillation and loss of proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. Subchondral bone thickening was also observed in experimental joints. The induction of a closed Intraarticular Fracture of the mouse tibial plateau generated a reproducible and clinically relevant joint injury that progressed to osteoarthritis-like changes by histologic and microCT evaluations. The ability to induce joint degeneration without an osteotomy or open arthrotomy provides a valuable new model for studying the natural sequelae of posttraumatic arthritis. Notably, the use of a murine model will facilitate the use of genetically modified animals for the investigation of specific genes implicated in the pathology of posttraumatic arthritis.
Farshid Guilak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the mrl mpj mouse
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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Absence of posttraumatic arthritis following Intraarticular Fracture in the MRL/MpJ mouse.
Arthritis and rheumatism, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Ward, Bridgette D Furman, Farshid Guilak, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Objective Posttraumatic arthritis is a frequent long-term complication of Intraarticular Fractures. A model of a closed Intraarticular Fracture in C57BL/6 mice that progresses to posttraumatic arthritis has been developed. The MRL/MpJ mouse has shown unique regenerative abilities in response to injury. The objective of this study was to determine if the MRL/MpJ mouse is protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fractures. Methods Intraarticular Fractures were created in MRL/MpJ mice and C57BL/6 control mice (n = 16 each). Limbs were analyzed for posttraumatic arthritis 4 and 8 weeks after Fracture using microfocal computed tomography bone morphology, subchondral bone thickness evaluation, and histologic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Serum cytokines and biomarkers were measured after the mice were killed. Results Intraarticular Fractures were successfully created in all 32 mice. In the experimental Fractured limbs, C57BL/6 mice had a decrease in bone density, increased subchondral bone thickness, and increased cartilage degeneration compared with normal contralateral control limbs. In the MRL/MpJ mice, no differences in bone density, subchondral bone thickness, or histologic grading of cartilage degeneration were seen between Fractured and contralateral control limbs. Cytokine analysis showed lower systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and higher levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in the MRL/MpJ mice. Conclusion This study shows that the MRL/MpJ mouse is relatively protected from posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture. Further investigation into the mechanism involved in this response will hopefully provide new insight into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic arthritis after Intraarticular Fracture.
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joint degeneration following closed Intraarticular Fracture in the mouse knee a model of posttraumatic arthritis
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2007Co-Authors: Bridgette D Furman, Benjamin D. Ward, Farshid Guilak, Jens Strand, Chad W Hembree, Steven A. OlsonAbstract:Posttraumatic arthritis is one of the most frequent causes of disability following joint trauma. The objective of this study was to develop a model of a closed articular Fracture in the mouse knee joint to quantify the temporal sequence of joint degeneration in a model of posttraumatic arthritis. Closed Intraarticular Fractures were created in the tibial plateau of adult mice (C57BL/6) using a computer-controlled materials testing system and a custom-built indenter tip. Tibial plateau Fractures were classified and imaged over time using high-resolution digital radiography. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 50 weeks following Fracture, and the experimental and contralateral control limbs were harvested for histology and micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis. By radiographic analysis, tibial plateau Fractures closely resembled clinical Fractures. More complex and comminuted Fractures correlated to significantly higher Fracture energies. Histologic analysis demonstrated progressive joint degeneration as measured by a modified Mankin scale, with fibrillation and loss of proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. Subchondral bone thickening was also observed in experimental joints. The induction of a closed Intraarticular Fracture of the mouse tibial plateau generated a reproducible and clinically relevant joint injury that progressed to osteoarthritis-like changes by histologic and microCT evaluations. The ability to induce joint degeneration without an osteotomy or open arthrotomy provides a valuable new model for studying the natural sequelae of posttraumatic arthritis. Notably, the use of a murine model will facilitate the use of genetically modified animals for the investigation of specific genes implicated in the pathology of posttraumatic arthritis.
Bo Qiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of the internal fixation effect of nano-calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/poly-amino acid composite screws for Intraarticular Fractures in rabbits.
International journal of nanomedicine, 2018Co-Authors: Zhenyu Dai, Yonggang Yan, Ruijie Wan, Qiang Ran, Bo QiaoAbstract:Objective To evaluate the internal fixation effect of nano-calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/poly-amino acid (n-CDHA/PAA) composite screws in the Intraarticular Fracture model. Materials and methods A total of 35 New Zealand White rabbits were used in a bilateral femoral intercondylar Fracture model and randomly divided into two groups. n-CDHA/PAA screws were used in the experimental group, and medical metal screws were used in the control group. The Fracture condition, range of motion, and the screw push-out strength were assessed, and an arthroscopic examination of knee joint was performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The biodegradation of the n-CDHA/PAA screws in vivo was tested through weighing, and changes in screw structure were assessed by X-ray diffraction at 12 weeks after surgery. Results The general situation of all animals was good and showed no incision infection and dehiscence after surgery. X-ray scanning showed that significant callus growth was present in both groups at 4 weeks after surgery, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the Lane-Sandhu score between the experimental and control groups at all time points after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the range of motion and Oswestry Arthroscopy Score of arthroscopic examination of the knee joints between the two groups. The screw push-out strength of the control group was stronger than that of the experimental group at 4 weeks after surgery (P 0.05). The degradation tests showed that the n-CDHA/PAA screws degraded gradually after implantation, and the weight loss rate was approximately 16% at 12 weeks after surgery. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystal structure of the outer surface of the n-CDHA/PAA screw has changed at 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusion The n-CDHA/PAA screw is an effective and safe implant as a potential internal fixation device for an intercondylar Fracture of the femur, and its internal fixation effect was similar to that of medical metal screw.
