The Experts below are selected from a list of 2430 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stephen P Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fluorosulfonyl substituted xanthines as selective Irreversible Antagonists for the a1 adenosine receptor
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Anthony R Beauglehole, Stephen P Baker, Peter J ScammellsAbstract:FSCPX (1) has been reported to be a potent, selective, and Irreversible Antagonist for the A(1)-adenosine receptor (AR). To obtain an Irreversible A(1)AR Antagonist with potentially better stability and to further elucidate the effects of linker structure on the pharmacological characteristics, several new analogues were targeted in which the labile ester linkage of 1 was replaced by more stable functionalities. In particular, alkyl and amide linkers between the xanthine pharmacophore and the reactive 4-fluorosulfonylphenyl group were explored. The data showed that the chemical composition of the linker affects the affinity and apparent Irreversible binding to the A(1)AR. Overall, compound 23b appeared to have the most advantageous characteristics as a potential Irreversible ligand for the A(1)AR. These include relatively high affinity for the A(1)AR as compared to the A(2A)AR, concentration-dependent and selective apparent Irreversible binding to the A(1)AR, and ease of removal of unbound ligand from biological membranes. These properties indicate that 23b has the potential to be a useful tool for further study of the structure and function of the A(1)AR.
-
a2a adenosine receptor reserve for coronary vasodilation
Circulation, 1998Co-Authors: John C Shryock, Stephen P Baker, Stephen Snowdy, Pier Giovanni Baraldi, Barbara Cacciari, Giampiero Spalluto, Angela Monopoli, Ennio Ongini, Luiz BelardinelliAbstract:Background—Adenosine is a potent coronary vasodilator and causes an increase of coronary blood flow by activation of A2A-adenosine receptors (A2A-AdoRs). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the high potency of adenosine and adenosine analogues to cause coronary vasodilation is explained by the presence of a large A2A-AdoR reserve (“spare receptors”). Methods and Results—A novel, Irreversible Antagonist of A2A-AdoRs was used to inactivate receptors and reduce the response to agonist. Agonist-induced increases of coronary conductance before and after exposure of hearts to the Irreversible Antagonist were compared. Three agonists were studied: 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680), adenosine, and 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA). Data were analyzed to determine agonist KA (equilibrium dissociation constant) and EC50 values. Values of KA for activation of A2A-AdoRs by CGS21680, adenosine, and CCPA were 105, 1800, and 2630 nmol/L, respectivel...
-
Irreversible binding of a carbostyril based agonist and Antagonist to the β adrenoceptor in ddt1 mf 2 cells and rat aorta
British Journal of Pharmacology, 1998Co-Authors: Malgorzata D Deyrup, Phillip G Greco, D H Otero, Donn M Dennis, Craig H Gelband, Stephen P BakerAbstract:The chemoreactive ligands 5(2-(((1′-(4′-isothiocyanatophenylamino)thiocarbonyl)-amino)-2-methyl-propyl)amino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril (DCITC) and 8-hydroxy-5(2-(((1′-(4′-isothiocya-natophenylamino)thiocarbonyl)amino)-2-methylprop-2-yl)amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-carbostyril (HCITC)were synthesized and shown to be potent Irreversible Antagonist and agonist ligands, respectively, for the β-adrenoceptor in DDT1 MF-2 (DDT) cells and the rat isolated aorta. In DDT cell membranes DCITC and HCITC inhibited (−)[125I]-iodocyanopindolol (CYP) binding to the β-adrenoceptor with IC50 values of 1.1 and 18 nM, respectively. (−)-Isoprenaline inhibited [125I]-CYP binding with an IC50 of 355 nM. Pretreatment of membranes with either chemoreactive ligand produced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in the β-adrenoceptor content, indicating Irreversible receptor binding. DCITC at concentrations up to 10 μM did not stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in DDT cells nor did it amplify forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. In the rat isolated aorta, DCITC (0.1 μM) did not affect either the phenylephrine-mediated tissue contraction or the acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. DCITC attenuated the maximal (−)-isoprenaline-mediated relaxation of a phenylephrine contracted aorta in a concentration-dependent manner and shifted the dose-response curves for (−)-isoprenaline to the right. The DCITC-induced decrease in maximal response was not reversed by extensive tissue washing. By use of the operational model of agonism, the calculated dissociation constant for (−)-isoprenaline ws 286 nM and the estimated receptor reserve for this agonist was 23% at the maximal response. HCITC and (−)-isoprenaline stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in DDT cells with pD2 values (negative logarithm to base 10 of EC50) of 7.95 and 7.97, respectively, and both mediated the same maximal stimulation. In the rat isolated aorta, HCITC produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the tissue with a pD2 value of 6.62, whereas the pD2 for (−)-isoprenaline was 7.03. However, HCITC produced a greater maximal relaxation of the tissue than (−)-isoprenaline. The HCITC-mediated stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and relaxation of the isolated tissue were blocked when the β-Antagonist propranolol was added concurrently. In contrast, once the HCITC-mediated responses were established, the addition of propranolol did not result in any attenuation indicating that HCITC is an Irreversible β-agonist.
-
a novel Irreversible Antagonist of the a1 adenosine receptor
Molecular Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: Miduturu Srinivas, Stephen P Baker, John C Shryock, Peter J Scammells, Jackie Ruble, Luiz BelardinelliAbstract:We determined the effects of 8-cyclopentyl-3-[3-[[4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]oxy]propyl]-1-propylxanth ine (FSCPX), a putative Irreversible Antagonist of the A1-adenosine receptor, on cardiac A1-adenosine receptor-mediated responses and on the specific binding of [3H]-8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]CPX) to guinea pig cardiac and brain membranes. FSCPX (5 microM) completely reversed the increase in K+ current of guinea pig atrial myocytes caused by 100 microM adenosine (259 +/- 30 to 20 +/- 7 pA) but had no significant effect on K+ currents caused by either 0.5 microM carbachol or 100 microM GTP gamma S. The attenuation of K+ current by FSCPX was both time and concentration dependent and persisted after washout of the Antagonist. Pretreatment of atrial myocytes with FSCPX (50 nM) markedly attenuated the activation of K+ current and the inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated I(Ca,L) caused by adenosine by 90.1% and 84.2%, respectively, but did not alter the responses of atrial myocytes to carbachol. FSCPX (1 microM) irreversibly antagonized the A1-adenosine receptor-mediated increase in atrioventricular nodal conduction time of isolated perfused guinea pig hearts from 10.5 +/- 0.5 to 0.7 +/- 0.6 msec but did not significantly alter the A2-adenosine receptor-mediated decrease in coronary resistance. Preincubation of guinea pig cardiac membranes with 0.1, 1.0, or 3.0 microM FSCPX for 30 min reduced the Bmax of [3H]CPX binding by 41 +/- 10%, 67 +/- 6%, and 80 +/- 1% (mean +/- standard error, three experiments), respectively, with no significant change in the Kd. Similarly, 0.1 and 1.0 microM FSCPX irreversibly reduced the binding of [3H]CPX to guinea pig forebrain membranes by 65 +/- 5% and 83 +/- 2% (four experiments), respectively, but did not reduce the binding of [3H]CGS 21680, an A2a-adenosine receptor agonist, to striatal membranes. FSCPX did not affect the potency of 59-guanylylimidodiphosphate to inhibit the binding of [3H]CCPA, an A1-adenosine receptor agonist, to brain membranes. The results indicate that FSCPX is a specific, Irreversible, A1-adenosine subtype-selective receptor Antagonist.
Milt Teitler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
determining the oligomer number of native gpcr using florescence correlation spectroscopy and drug induced inactivation reactivation
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Milt Teitler, Katharine HerrickdavisAbstract:GPCRs are a major family of homologous proteins and are key mediators of the effects of numerous endogenous neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, therapeutic drugs, and drugs-of-abuse. Despite the enormous amount of research on the pharmacological and biochemical properties of GPCRs, there is surprisingly little information on GPCR dimer structure and function in primary cell culture or in vivo. We have used two novel approaches to develop methods to detect and study GPCR dimer function: FCS/PCH and "inactivation-reactivation". This review will focus on the data we have developed and our interpretations of those data. Using FCS/PCH 5-HT2C receptors have been detected directly and appear to exist as dimers, consistent with the inactivation-reactivation data on 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors. Studies of the 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors have revealed that binding of a pseudo-Irreversible Antagonist ("inactivator") to one of the orthosteric sites of a homodimer abolishes all receptor activity, and subsequent binding of a competitive Antagonist to the orthosteric site of the second protomer releases the inactivator, allowing the receptor to return to an active state. This approach demonstrates allosteric crosstalk between protomers of native GPCR homodimers, indicating that GPCRs do exist and function as homodimers in both recombinant cells and rat primary astrocytes. This technique can be applied universally using intact recombinant or primary cells in culture, membrane homogenate preparations and, potentially, in vivo. This approach can be applied to heterodimers as well as homodimers and may aid in the development of novel drugs with heterodimer selectivity.
-
A new approach for studying GPCR dimers: drug-induced inactivation and reactivation to reveal GPCR dimer function in vitro, in primary culture, and in vivo
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2011Co-Authors: Milt Teitler, Michael T. KleinAbstract:GPCRs are a major family of homologous proteins and are key mediators of the effects of numerous endogenous neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, therapeutic drugs, and drugs-of-abuse. Despite the enormous amount of research on the pharmacological and biochemical properties of GPCRs, the question as to whether they exist as monomers, dimers, or higher order structures in the body is unanswered. The GPCR dimer field has been dominated by techniques involving recombinant cell lines expressing mutant receptors, often involving the solubilization of the receptors. These techniques cannot be applied in vivo or even to primary cell cultures. This review will focus on a novel approach to exploring the functional properties of homodimers. Studies of the 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors have revealed that binding of a pseudo-Irreversible Antagonist (“inactivator”) to one of the orthosteric sites of a homodimer abolishes all receptor activity, and subsequent binding of a competitive Antagonist to the orthosteric site of the second protomer releases the inactivator, allowing the receptor to return to an active state. This approach demonstrates allosteric crosstalk between protomers of native GPCR homodimers, indicating that GPCRs do exist and function as homodimers in both recombinant cells and rat primary astrocytes. This technique can be applied universally using intact recombinant or primary cells in culture, membrane homogenate preparations and, potentially, in vivo. The data obtained using the 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors are strongly supportive of a GPCR homodimer structure, with little evidence of monomer involvement in the function of these receptors.
Luiz Belardinelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a2a adenosine receptor reserve for coronary vasodilation
Circulation, 1998Co-Authors: John C Shryock, Stephen P Baker, Stephen Snowdy, Pier Giovanni Baraldi, Barbara Cacciari, Giampiero Spalluto, Angela Monopoli, Ennio Ongini, Luiz BelardinelliAbstract:Background—Adenosine is a potent coronary vasodilator and causes an increase of coronary blood flow by activation of A2A-adenosine receptors (A2A-AdoRs). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the high potency of adenosine and adenosine analogues to cause coronary vasodilation is explained by the presence of a large A2A-AdoR reserve (“spare receptors”). Methods and Results—A novel, Irreversible Antagonist of A2A-AdoRs was used to inactivate receptors and reduce the response to agonist. Agonist-induced increases of coronary conductance before and after exposure of hearts to the Irreversible Antagonist were compared. Three agonists were studied: 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680), adenosine, and 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA). Data were analyzed to determine agonist KA (equilibrium dissociation constant) and EC50 values. Values of KA for activation of A2A-AdoRs by CGS21680, adenosine, and CCPA were 105, 1800, and 2630 nmol/L, respectivel...
-
a novel Irreversible Antagonist of the a1 adenosine receptor
Molecular Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: Miduturu Srinivas, Stephen P Baker, John C Shryock, Peter J Scammells, Jackie Ruble, Luiz BelardinelliAbstract:We determined the effects of 8-cyclopentyl-3-[3-[[4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]oxy]propyl]-1-propylxanth ine (FSCPX), a putative Irreversible Antagonist of the A1-adenosine receptor, on cardiac A1-adenosine receptor-mediated responses and on the specific binding of [3H]-8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]CPX) to guinea pig cardiac and brain membranes. FSCPX (5 microM) completely reversed the increase in K+ current of guinea pig atrial myocytes caused by 100 microM adenosine (259 +/- 30 to 20 +/- 7 pA) but had no significant effect on K+ currents caused by either 0.5 microM carbachol or 100 microM GTP gamma S. The attenuation of K+ current by FSCPX was both time and concentration dependent and persisted after washout of the Antagonist. Pretreatment of atrial myocytes with FSCPX (50 nM) markedly attenuated the activation of K+ current and the inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated I(Ca,L) caused by adenosine by 90.1% and 84.2%, respectively, but did not alter the responses of atrial myocytes to carbachol. FSCPX (1 microM) irreversibly antagonized the A1-adenosine receptor-mediated increase in atrioventricular nodal conduction time of isolated perfused guinea pig hearts from 10.5 +/- 0.5 to 0.7 +/- 0.6 msec but did not significantly alter the A2-adenosine receptor-mediated decrease in coronary resistance. Preincubation of guinea pig cardiac membranes with 0.1, 1.0, or 3.0 microM FSCPX for 30 min reduced the Bmax of [3H]CPX binding by 41 +/- 10%, 67 +/- 6%, and 80 +/- 1% (mean +/- standard error, three experiments), respectively, with no significant change in the Kd. Similarly, 0.1 and 1.0 microM FSCPX irreversibly reduced the binding of [3H]CPX to guinea pig forebrain membranes by 65 +/- 5% and 83 +/- 2% (four experiments), respectively, but did not reduce the binding of [3H]CGS 21680, an A2a-adenosine receptor agonist, to striatal membranes. FSCPX did not affect the potency of 59-guanylylimidodiphosphate to inhibit the binding of [3H]CCPA, an A1-adenosine receptor agonist, to brain membranes. The results indicate that FSCPX is a specific, Irreversible, A1-adenosine subtype-selective receptor Antagonist.
Michael T. Klein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A new approach for studying GPCR dimers: drug-induced inactivation and reactivation to reveal GPCR dimer function in vitro, in primary culture, and in vivo
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2011Co-Authors: Milt Teitler, Michael T. KleinAbstract:GPCRs are a major family of homologous proteins and are key mediators of the effects of numerous endogenous neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, therapeutic drugs, and drugs-of-abuse. Despite the enormous amount of research on the pharmacological and biochemical properties of GPCRs, the question as to whether they exist as monomers, dimers, or higher order structures in the body is unanswered. The GPCR dimer field has been dominated by techniques involving recombinant cell lines expressing mutant receptors, often involving the solubilization of the receptors. These techniques cannot be applied in vivo or even to primary cell cultures. This review will focus on a novel approach to exploring the functional properties of homodimers. Studies of the 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors have revealed that binding of a pseudo-Irreversible Antagonist (“inactivator”) to one of the orthosteric sites of a homodimer abolishes all receptor activity, and subsequent binding of a competitive Antagonist to the orthosteric site of the second protomer releases the inactivator, allowing the receptor to return to an active state. This approach demonstrates allosteric crosstalk between protomers of native GPCR homodimers, indicating that GPCRs do exist and function as homodimers in both recombinant cells and rat primary astrocytes. This technique can be applied universally using intact recombinant or primary cells in culture, membrane homogenate preparations and, potentially, in vivo. The data obtained using the 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors are strongly supportive of a GPCR homodimer structure, with little evidence of monomer involvement in the function of these receptors.
David B. Bylund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Subtypes of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.
The FASEB Journal, 1992Co-Authors: David B. BylundAbstract:The adrenergic receptors are members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. There are three major types of adrenergic receptors: alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta. Each of these three major types can be divided into three subtypes. Within the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, alpha 1A and alpha 1B subtypes have been defined pharmacologically on the basis of reversible Antagonists, such as WB4101 and phentolamine, and the Irreversible Antagonist chloroethylclonidine. In at least some tissues the mechanism of action of the alpha 1A subtype is related to activation of a calcium channel, whereas the alpha 1B receptor exerts its effect through the second messenger inositol trisphosphate. Both of these receptor subtypes as well as a third, the alpha 1C, have been identified by molecular cloning. Three pharmacological subtypes of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor have also been identified. Prototypic tissues and cell lines in continuous culture have been developed for each of these subtypes, which facilitated the...
