Irrigation Canals

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The Experts below are selected from a list of 13791 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Maurice L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

X Litrico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • feed forward control of open channel flow using differential flatness
    IEEE Transactions on Control Systems and Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Tarek Rabbani, F Di Meglio, X Litrico, Alexandre M Bayen
    Abstract:

    This brief derives a method for open-loop control of open channel flow, based on the Hayami model, a parabolic partial differential equation resulting from a simplification of the Saint-Venant equations. The open-loop control is represented as infinite series using differential flatness, for which convergence is assessed. A comparison is made with a similar problem available in the literature for thermal systems. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the approach by applying the open-loop controller to Irrigation Canals modeled by the full Saint-Venant equations.

  • Experimental validation of a methodology to control Irrigation Canals based on Saint-Venant equations
    Control Engineering Practice, 2005
    Co-Authors: X Litrico, Vincent Fromion, J.p. Baume, Carina Arranja, Manuel Rijo
    Abstract:

    This paper exposes and validates a methodology based on a classical hydraulic model (Saint-Venant equations) to design efficient automatic controllersfor an Irrigation canal pool. The method isapplied on a laboratory canal located in Portugal. First, the full nonlinear hydraulic model is calibrated, using a single steady-state experiment, then it is validated on other hydraulic conditions. The control model isobtained by linearizing the Saint-Venant equationsand using a numerical method to compute the frequency response of the system. Simple controllers are designed and analyzed using the linearized models. The experimental results show that such a method is able to accurately predict the closed-loop system behavior in terms of stability, robustness and performance.

  • simplified modeling of Irrigation Canals for controller design
    Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-asce, 2004
    Co-Authors: X Litrico, Vincent Fromion
    Abstract:

    The integrator delay zero (IDZ) model presented by Litrico and Fromion is a simple way to model a canal for control purposes that extends the classical integrator delay model. This analytical model gives a very good frequency domain approximation of the Saint-Venant transfer matrix for a pool possibly in backwater conditions. The present paper shows how this model can be used to model an Irrigation canal for control design. The IDZ model is analyzed and its accuracy evaluated in the frequency and time domain on two ASCE test Canals for high and low flow conditions.

  • modelling and pi control of an Irrigation canal
    European Control Conference, 2003
    Co-Authors: X Litrico, Vincent Fromion, J.p. Baume, Manuel Rijo
    Abstract:

    The main goal of this paper is to expose and validate a methodology to design efficient automatic controllers for Irrigation Canals, based on the Saint-Venant model. This model-based methodology enables to design controllers at the design stage (when the canal is not already built). The methodology is applied on an experimental canal located in Portugal. First the full nonlinear PDE model is calibrated, using a single steady-state experiment. The model is then linearized around a functioning point, in order to design linear PI controllers. Two classical control strategies are tested (local upstream control and distant downstream control) and compared on the canal. The experimental results shows the effectiveness of the method.

Manuel Rijo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Experimental validation of a methodology to control Irrigation Canals based on Saint-Venant equations
    Control Engineering Practice, 2005
    Co-Authors: X Litrico, Vincent Fromion, J.p. Baume, Carina Arranja, Manuel Rijo
    Abstract:

    This paper exposes and validates a methodology based on a classical hydraulic model (Saint-Venant equations) to design efficient automatic controllersfor an Irrigation canal pool. The method isapplied on a laboratory canal located in Portugal. First, the full nonlinear hydraulic model is calibrated, using a single steady-state experiment, then it is validated on other hydraulic conditions. The control model isobtained by linearizing the Saint-Venant equationsand using a numerical method to compute the frequency response of the system. Simple controllers are designed and analyzed using the linearized models. The experimental results show that such a method is able to accurately predict the closed-loop system behavior in terms of stability, robustness and performance.

  • modelling and pi control of an Irrigation canal
    European Control Conference, 2003
    Co-Authors: X Litrico, Vincent Fromion, J.p. Baume, Manuel Rijo
    Abstract:

    The main goal of this paper is to expose and validate a methodology to design efficient automatic controllers for Irrigation Canals, based on the Saint-Venant model. This model-based methodology enables to design controllers at the design stage (when the canal is not already built). The methodology is applied on an experimental canal located in Portugal. First the full nonlinear PDE model is calibrated, using a single steady-state experiment. The model is then linearized around a functioning point, in order to design linear PI controllers. Two classical control strategies are tested (local upstream control and distant downstream control) and compared on the canal. The experimental results shows the effectiveness of the method.

Ebrahem M Eid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • uptake prediction of nine heavy metals by eichhornia crassipes grown in Irrigation Canals a biomonitoring approach
    Science of The Total Environment, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ebrahem M Eid, Kamal H Shaltout, Aljawhara H Almuqrin, Dalal Abdullah Aloraini, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Mostafa A Taher, Ahmed H Alfarhan, Yolanda Pico, Damia Barcelo
    Abstract:

    Abstract The principal objective of this study is to generate mathematical regression equations that facilitate the estimation of the extent to which Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms, water hyacinth, absorbs heavy metals (HMs) into four plant organs (laminae, petioles, roots, and stolons). This study considers the absorption of nine HMs (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and the E. crassipes evaluated in this study were located in three Irrigation Canals in the North Nile Delta in Egypt, with sampling being conducted in both monospecific and homogenous E. crassipes. Samples of both E. crassipes and water were collected on a monthly basis during one growing season. Analysis of the water samples showed that the HM concentrations ranged from 1.1 μg/l for Cd to 2079.8 μg/l for Fe. All HMs were more concentrated in the E. crassipes roots than in any other organ. Typically, there was a significant correlation between the HM levels in the water and the HM levels in the E. crassipes organs. E. crassipes was documented by a bioconcentration factor > 1.0 for all HMs. The translocation factor in this study was

  • bioaccumulation and translocation of nine heavy metals by eichhornia crassipes in nile delta egypt perspectives for phytoremediation
    International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ebrahem M Eid, Kamal H Shaltout, Farahat S Moghanm, M S K Youssef, Eithar Elmohsnawy, Soliman A Haroun
    Abstract:

    The current research was carried out to estimate the potential of water hyacinth (WH) for removal of nine heavy metals (HMs) from three Irrigation Canals in Nile Delta. Sampling was achieved in mon...

  • seasonal variation in the phytomass chemical composition and nutritional value of azolla filiculoides lam along the water courses in the nile delta egypt
    Feddes Repertorium, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kamal H Shaltout, Thanaa M Elkomi, Ebrahem M Eid
    Abstract:

    The present study aims to assess phenological behaviour, phytomass production, chemical composition and nutritional value of Azolla filiculoides in the water courses of the Nile Delta, Egypt. The sampling process was carried out seasonally using twenty-five plots (each of 1 × 1 m) distributed along 15 Irrigation Canals and 10 drainage Canals in the study area. Sprouting of A. filiculoides had its maximum activity during winter, vegetative growth during spring and summer and withering during autumn. Maximum seasonal phytomass (285.2 g DW m – 2 ) was found during spring. The annual mean was significantly higher in drainage Canals (278.3 g DW m – 2 ) than in Irrigation Canals (144.4 g DW m – 2 ). The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na in A. filiculoides from drainage Canals were significantly higher than in those from Irrigation Canals. Regarding the type of water courses, there were no significant differences in organic contents and nutritive values between the Irrigation and drainage Canals. The analysis of growth characteristics indicated that A. filiculoides can grow quite well in drainage Canals; its macronutrient (N, Ca, Mg, Na and Fe) contents are high enough to allow it to be used as a bio-fertilizer. On the other hand, A. filiculoides could be considered as a ‘nutrients and heavy metals remover’ especially in drainage Canals for wastewater treatment if the plant is harvested during its maximum phytomass. As feed supplement for animals, this plant could be considered as excellent forage because its high levels of carbohydrate, protein, crude fat, total digestible nutrients and the lower crude fiber contents.

J M Maestre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • operational performance improvements in Irrigation Canals to overcome groundwater overexploitation
    Agricultural Water Management, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mehdy Hashemy S Shahdany, Alireza Firoozfar, J M Maestre, Iman Mallakpour, Saleh Taghvaeian, Poolad Karimi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Groundwater overexploitation due to unsustainable agricultural development is a widespread problem in Irrigation districts relying on conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources. Nearly 90% of global groundwater supported irrigated areas have conjunctive use of both surface and groundwater. A major driver behind the use of groundwater in these regions, in addition to surface water scarcity, is the poor operational performance of the Irrigation schemes. The lack of reliability of water deliveries at farm gates forces farmers to increasingly turn to groundwater. Therefore, they intensively extract water and continuously deteriorate groundwater aquifers. This case study investigates the potential impact of improved water distribution and delivery through implementing canal automation techniques. These techniques can enhance the reliability of Irrigation deliveries to the endpoint, resulting in reduction of groundwater extraction and associated benefits in decreasing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The current study focuses on six main Irrigation districts located in the Zayandeh-Rud River Basin (ZRB) in central Iran, where a total area of 200,000 ha is irrigated using surface water in conjunction with groundwater. To improve the performance of the Irrigation networks for each of these districts, three operational model alternatives, including fully automated systems, were considered. Each of these models was designed and run for each of the six districts separately. The results showed a reduction of operational water losses in the range of 15% –25% depending on the implemented operational model. These potential water savings are then available to be used in the agricultural sector and can result in a reduction in groundwater extraction of up to 300 Million Cubic Meters (MCM). The associated reduction in energy consumption and carbon emission was about 450 GWh and 57,500 t each year, respectively. The results of this study can be employed in designing a centralized configuration of automated systems that enable water managers to reduce pressure on groundwater resources.

  • application of an in line storage strategy to improve the operational performance of main Irrigation Canals using model predictive control
    Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-asce, 2013
    Co-Authors: S M Hashemy, J M Maestre, M J Monem, Peterjules Van Overloop
    Abstract:

    AbstractStoring water in main Irrigation canal reaches could be an influential strategy to improve the existing operational activities in the Irrigation Canals. However, the control of such a canal system will become much more complicated due to freeboards of the reaches temporarily decreasing. In this paper, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is applied to control the water level of an accurate model of a realistic main canal, which consists of 13 canal reaches, using an in-line storage operational strategy. Four different test scenarios are selected to cover a range of conventional to unconventional operational strategies by imposing limitations on the head-gate opening. Different target bands are created between the predefined allowed maximum and minimum water level for the canal reaches and the MPC is obliged to keep the water levels within these ranges. The results show that the in-line storage improves current operational performance of the canal system by compensating the existing delay times of flow t...

  • a hierarchical distributed model predictive control approach to Irrigation Canals a risk mitigation perspective
    Journal of Process Control, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ascension Zafracabeza, J M Maestre, Miguel A Ridao, E F Camacho, Laura Sanchez
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical distributed model predictive control approach applied to Irrigation canal planning from the point of view of risk mitigation. Two levels in optimization are presented. At the lower level, a distributed model predictive controller optimizes the operation by manipulating flows and gate openings in order to follow the water level set-points. The higher level implements a risk management strategy based on the execution of mitigation actions if risk occurrences are expected. Risk factors such as unexpected changes in demand, failures in operation or maintenance costs are considered in the optimization. Decision variables are mitigation actions which reduce risk impacts that may affect the system. This work shows how model predictive control can be used as a decision tool which takes into account different types of risks affecting the operation of Irrigation Canals.

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