The Experts below are selected from a list of 6978 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kefa Cen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of Water Hyacinth with microwave heated alkali pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility and hydrogen methane fermentation
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Richen Lin, Wenlu Song, Lingkan Ding, Jun Cheng, Binfei Xie, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract Microwave-heated alkali pretreatment (MAP) was investigated to improve enzymatic digestibility and H 2 /CH 4 production from Water Hyacinth. SEM revealed that MAP deconstructed the lignocellulose matrix and swelled the surfaces of Water Hyacinth. XRD indicated that MAP decreased the crystallinity index from 16.0 to 13.0 because of cellulose amorphisation. FTIR indicated that MAP effectively destroyed the lignin structure and disrupted the crystalline cellulose to reduce crystallinity. The reducing sugar yield of 0.296 g/gTVS was achieved at optimal hydrolysis conditions (microwave temperature = 190 °C, time = 10 min, and cellulase dosage = 5 wt%). The sequentially fermentative hydrogen and methane yields from Water Hyacinth with MAP and enzymatic hydrolysis were increased to 63.9 and 172.5 mL/gTVS, respectively. The energy conversion efficiency (40.0%) in the two-stage hydrogen and methane cogeneration was lower than that (49.5%) in the one-stage methane production (237.4 mL/gTVS) from Water Hyacinth with MAP and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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enhancement of fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed Water Hyacinth with activated carbon detoxification and bacteria domestication
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jun Cheng, Richen Lin, Wenlu Song, Ao Xia, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract To improve fermentative hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth pretreated with microwave-assisted dilute H 2 SO 4 and cellulase, activated carbon (AC) was used to effectively remove fermentative inhibitors in hydrolysates. The removal efficiencies of vanillin, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural in artificial hydrolysates of Water Hyacinth were 84.8%, 45.4%, and 39.5%, respectively. The glucose content in the hydrolysates decreased by 13.8% with AC treatment. The hydrolysates of Water Hyacinth were used to domesticate hydrogen producing bacteria (HPB) and improve their adaptability. The hydrogen yield from the hydrolyzed Water Hyacinth with AC detoxification and HPB domestication increased from 104.0 to 134.9 mL/g total volatile solids (TVS). The sequential methane yield (107.7 mL/g TVS) significantly increased the energy conversion efficiency from 8.5% to 30.9%.
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enhancing enzymatic saccharification of Water Hyacinth through microwave heating with dilute acid pretreatment for biomass energy utilization
Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Ao Xia, Wenlu Song, Jun Cheng, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract Water Hyacinth, as waste biomass, can potentially replace fossil fuels and address pressing issues of energy shortage and serious environmental pollution. In this study, microwave-assisted dilute acid pretreatment was proposed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of Water Hyacinth for biomass energy utilization. After the pretreatment, a large amount of hemicellulose in the pretreated Water Hyacinth was hydrolyzed into xylose, galactose, and arabinose, whereas only a small amount of cellulose and lignin was hydrolyzed into glucose and propiolic acid, respectively. Increased pretreatment temperature, reaction time, and H2SO4 concentration generated more hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin degradation products, including monosaccharides and other hydrolyzates, which were further degraded into smaller acids and aldehydes. In the enzymatic hydrolysis step following the pretreatment, a large amount of cellulose was hydrolyzed into glucose and cellobiose, whereas hemicellulose was completely degraded. When 20 g/l of Water Hyacinth feedstock was subjected to microwave pretreatment with 1% H2SO4 at 140 °C for 15 min and then enzymatically hydrolyzed using cellulase, a maximum reducing sugar yield of 48.3 g/100 g Hyacinth was obtained. This value was 94.6% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield.
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hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth through dark and photo fermentation
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010Co-Authors: Jun Cheng, Wenlu Song, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract This article discusses the method of producing hydrogen from Water Hyacinth. Water Hyacinth was pretreated with microwave heating and alkali to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and hydrogen production in a two-step process of dark- and photo- fermentation. Water Hyacinth with various concentrations of 10–40 g/l was pretreated with four methods: (1) steam heating; (2) steam heating and microwave heating/alkali pretreatment; (3) steam heating and enzymatic hydrolysis; (4) steam heating, microwave heating/alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Water Hyacinth (20 g/l) pretreated with method 4 gave the maximum reducing sugar yield of 30.57 g/100 g TVS, which was 45.6% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield (67.0 g/100 g TVS). The pretreated Water Hyacinth was used to produce hydrogen by mixed H 2 -producing bacteria in dark fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 76.7 ml H 2 /g TVS was obtained at 20 g/l of Water Hyacinth. The residual solutions from dark fermentation (mainly acetate and butyrate) were used to further produce hydrogen by immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris in photo fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 522.6 ml H 2 /g TVS was obtained at 10 g/l of Water Hyacinth. Through a combined process of dark- and photo- fermentation, the maximum hydrogen yield from Water Hyacinth was dramatically enhanced from 76.7 to 596.1 ml H 2 /g TVS, which was 59.6% of the theoretical hydrogen yield.
Ajay S Kalamdhad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biogas production from Water Hyacinth in a novel anaerobic digester a continuous study
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2019Co-Authors: Ajay S KalamdhadAbstract:Abstract Mixing and the separation of stages in a digester during anaerobic digestion demonstrate enhanced biodegradation efficiency of the feedstock. But two stage anaerobic digesters are difficult to operate and require huge space. Also, continuous high intensity mixing minimises biogas production. Based on these criteria, a novel type of two stage anaerobic digester was designed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of this novel anaerobic digester in continuous mode utilising Water Hyacinth as the feedstock. Initially, untreated Water Hyacinth whole plant was fed in the digester followed by hot air oven pretreated Water Hyacinth and Water Hyacinth co-digested with food waste. The optimal OLR for untreated and pretreated Water Hyacinth was observed to be 3.75 kg COD/m3.d whereas for co-digested Water Hyacinth the optimal OLR was 6.7 kg COD/m3.d; illustrating an average COD removal of 72.5%, 82% and 77% for untreated, pretreated and co-digested Water Hyacinth respectively.
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Assessment of compost quality in agitated pile composting of Water Hyacinth collected from different sources
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2015Co-Authors: Jiwan Singh, Ajay S KalamdhadAbstract:Background Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) can cause a diversity of problems due to its fast spread and congested growth. The composting of Water Hyacinth can reduce the chemical fertilizer application to the agricultural field and problems related to its fast growth rate and also help in nutrient recycling. The present study was carried out on agitated pile composting of Water Hyacinth collected from four different areas (Bharalu River, Agriculture site, Boragaon landfill site and Industrial site). The nutrients and stability parameters were evaluated during the 30 days of agitated pile composting of Water Hyacinth mixed with cattle manure and sawdust. The stability of compost was evaluated using respiration techniques (CO_2 evolution and oxygen uptake rate). Results Results showed that nutrients (Na, K, Ca, total nitrogen and phosphorus) were increased significantly in all agitated pile composting. Stability parameters such as CO_2 evolution rate and oxygen uptake rate, biochemical chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were reduced significantly during the process. Highest reduction of moisture content (35.2 %), volatile solid (40.5 %), ammonical nitrogen (75.6 %), biochemical oxygen demand (65.3 %), CO_2 evolution rate (78.7 %), and oxygen uptake rate (74.4 %) were observed in the agitated pile of Bharalu River site as compared to other agitated piles. The higher increase of total nitrogen (83.5 %) and total phosphorus (76.0 %) was also observed in the agitated pile of Bharalu River site. Conclusion Addition of optimum amount of cattle manure was highly efficient for making compost of Water Hyacinth collected from four different sites. Highest content of nutrients was found in compost of Water Hyacinth collected from Bharalu River site due to availability of nutrients in sewage Water. In the final compost of all trials, total coliform and fecal coliform were reduced significantly, which are pathogen indicators in the compost. The best compost quality was found in Water Hyacinth collected from Bharalu River site.
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Effects of natural zeolite on speciation of heavy metals during agitated pile composting of Water Hyacinth
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2014Co-Authors: Jiwan Singh, Ajay S KalamdhadAbstract:Background Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) is one of the worst weeds in the world. Composting is one of the most economical ways for the treatment and final disposal of Water Hyacinth, because it combines material recycling and biomass disposal. A major restriction of land application of Water Hyacinth compost is the possible high heavy metal concentration in the final product. Zeolites may be useful as metal scavengers in metal-rich Water Hyacinth compost. The speciation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr) was done according to Tessier’s sequential extraction method during Water Hyacinth composting mixed with cattle manure, sawdust and natural zeolite. The Water Hyacinth, cattle manure and sawdust were taken in the 6:3:1 ratio with 5, 10 and 15 % natural zeolite, respectively. Results The temperature was measured in the range of 48.6–56.2 °C in control and zeolite treatments. Higher reduction of exchangeable (F1) and oxidizable (F4) fractions of Zn was observed about 72.8 and 79.6 %, respectively, in zeolite 1 treatment but higher reduction of carbonate (F2) and reducible (F3) fractions was observed about 70 and 37 %, respectively, in zeolite 2 treatment. The F1, F2, F3 and F4 fractions of Cu and Fe were reduced in the control and all zeolite treatments. The F1, F2, F3 and F4 fractions of Mn were reduced significantly in the all zeolite treatments in comparison to control. The bioavailability factor (BF) of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd and Cr was reduced significantly in zeolite treatments in comparison to control. There was no significant change observed with BF of Pb in zeolite treatments. The total concentration of Pb was higher than Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni and Cr but its BF was lowest among the all these metals. Conclusion Addition of optimum percentage of natural zeolite was successful for enhancing degradation of organic matter and reducing bioavailability of heavy metals during Water Hyacinth composting mixed with cattle manure and sawdust. The bioavailable fractions of heavy metals were effectively correlated with pH and TOC in control and zeolite 1 treatment as compared to zeolite 2 and 3 treatments.
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uptake of heavy metals by natural zeolite during agitated pile composting of Water Hyacinth composting
International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Jiwan Singh, Ajay S KalamdhadAbstract:The studies were carried out on heavy metal bioavailability and leachability during Water Hyacinth composting mixed with cattle manure, sawdust and natural zeolite. The Water Hyacinth, cattle manure and sawdust were taken in the 6:3:1 ratio with 5, 10 and 15% natural zeolite and composted for 30 days. The concentrations of nutrients and total heavy metals were increased during the process. Due to addition of natural zeolite initial pH of the compost mixture was increased slightly in comparison to control, resulting a decrease in bioavailability and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable metal concentration in the final compost. Water solubility of Ni, Pb and Cd, and diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) extractablity of Pb and Cd were not found during the composting process. Addition of natural zeolite significantly reduced the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals during Water Hyacinth composting process.
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reduction of bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals during vermicomposting of Water Hyacinth
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013Co-Authors: Jiwan Singh, Ajay S KalamdhadAbstract:Vermicomposting of Water Hyacinth is a good alternative for the treatment of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and subsequentially, beneficial for agriculture purposes. The bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) were evaluated during vermicomposting of E. crassipes employing Eisenia fetida earthworm. Five different proportions (trials 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of cattle manure, Water Hyacinth, and sawdust were prepared for the vermicomposting process. Results show that very poor biomass growth of earthworms was observed in the highest proportion of Water Hyacinth (trial 1). The Water soluble, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable, and leachable heavy metals concentration (percentage of total heavy metals) were reduced significantly in all trials except trial 1. The total concentration of some metals was low but its Water soluble and DTPA extractable fractions were similar or more than other metals which were present in higher concentration. This study revealed that the toxicity of metals depends on bioavailable fraction rather than total metal concentration. Bioavailable fraction of metals may be toxic for plants and soil microorganisms. The vermicomposting of Water Hyacinth by E. fetida was very effective for reduction of bioavailability and leachability of selected heavy metals. Leachability test confirmed that prepared vermicompost is not hazardous for soil, plants, and human health. The feasibility of earthworms to mitigate the metal toxicity and to enhance the nutrient profile in Water Hyacinth vermicompost might be useful in sustainable land renovation practices at low-input basis.
Jun Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving fermentative hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth with genetically modified bacteria
Environmental Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Wenlu Song, Jun Cheng, Lingkan DingAbstract:Water Hyacinth pretreated with microwave-assisted dilute acid was used for fermentation to produce hydrogen using four kinds of genetically modified bacteria for the first time in this study. The genes of several hydrogenase were over-expressed in Enterobacter cloacae CICC10017 and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13408. Four recombinant strains including E. cloacae/HPP, E. aerogenes/HycE, E. aerogenes/HycG, and E. aerogenes/HoxEFUYH were obtained. Hydrogen yields from Water Hyacinth were investigated, which were enhanced using the recombinant strains. When Water Hyacinth was pretreated by microwave at 140°C for 15 min with 1% H2SO4 and then hydrolyzed by cellulase, the reducing sugar yield of 49.4 g/100 g Hyacinth was 91.4% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield. Among the four genetically modified bacteria, E. cloacae/HPP gave the highest hydrogen yield of 74.9 mL/g- total volatile solids, which was 50% higher than that given by the wild strain from pretreated Water Hyacinth. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1296–1300, 2017
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characterisation of Water Hyacinth with microwave heated alkali pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility and hydrogen methane fermentation
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Richen Lin, Wenlu Song, Lingkan Ding, Jun Cheng, Binfei Xie, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract Microwave-heated alkali pretreatment (MAP) was investigated to improve enzymatic digestibility and H 2 /CH 4 production from Water Hyacinth. SEM revealed that MAP deconstructed the lignocellulose matrix and swelled the surfaces of Water Hyacinth. XRD indicated that MAP decreased the crystallinity index from 16.0 to 13.0 because of cellulose amorphisation. FTIR indicated that MAP effectively destroyed the lignin structure and disrupted the crystalline cellulose to reduce crystallinity. The reducing sugar yield of 0.296 g/gTVS was achieved at optimal hydrolysis conditions (microwave temperature = 190 °C, time = 10 min, and cellulase dosage = 5 wt%). The sequentially fermentative hydrogen and methane yields from Water Hyacinth with MAP and enzymatic hydrolysis were increased to 63.9 and 172.5 mL/gTVS, respectively. The energy conversion efficiency (40.0%) in the two-stage hydrogen and methane cogeneration was lower than that (49.5%) in the one-stage methane production (237.4 mL/gTVS) from Water Hyacinth with MAP and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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enhancement of fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed Water Hyacinth with activated carbon detoxification and bacteria domestication
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jun Cheng, Richen Lin, Wenlu Song, Ao Xia, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract To improve fermentative hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth pretreated with microwave-assisted dilute H 2 SO 4 and cellulase, activated carbon (AC) was used to effectively remove fermentative inhibitors in hydrolysates. The removal efficiencies of vanillin, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural in artificial hydrolysates of Water Hyacinth were 84.8%, 45.4%, and 39.5%, respectively. The glucose content in the hydrolysates decreased by 13.8% with AC treatment. The hydrolysates of Water Hyacinth were used to domesticate hydrogen producing bacteria (HPB) and improve their adaptability. The hydrogen yield from the hydrolyzed Water Hyacinth with AC detoxification and HPB domestication increased from 104.0 to 134.9 mL/g total volatile solids (TVS). The sequential methane yield (107.7 mL/g TVS) significantly increased the energy conversion efficiency from 8.5% to 30.9%.
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enhancing enzymatic saccharification of Water Hyacinth through microwave heating with dilute acid pretreatment for biomass energy utilization
Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Ao Xia, Wenlu Song, Jun Cheng, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract Water Hyacinth, as waste biomass, can potentially replace fossil fuels and address pressing issues of energy shortage and serious environmental pollution. In this study, microwave-assisted dilute acid pretreatment was proposed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of Water Hyacinth for biomass energy utilization. After the pretreatment, a large amount of hemicellulose in the pretreated Water Hyacinth was hydrolyzed into xylose, galactose, and arabinose, whereas only a small amount of cellulose and lignin was hydrolyzed into glucose and propiolic acid, respectively. Increased pretreatment temperature, reaction time, and H2SO4 concentration generated more hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin degradation products, including monosaccharides and other hydrolyzates, which were further degraded into smaller acids and aldehydes. In the enzymatic hydrolysis step following the pretreatment, a large amount of cellulose was hydrolyzed into glucose and cellobiose, whereas hemicellulose was completely degraded. When 20 g/l of Water Hyacinth feedstock was subjected to microwave pretreatment with 1% H2SO4 at 140 °C for 15 min and then enzymatically hydrolyzed using cellulase, a maximum reducing sugar yield of 48.3 g/100 g Hyacinth was obtained. This value was 94.6% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield.
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hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth through dark and photo fermentation
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010Co-Authors: Jun Cheng, Wenlu Song, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract This article discusses the method of producing hydrogen from Water Hyacinth. Water Hyacinth was pretreated with microwave heating and alkali to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and hydrogen production in a two-step process of dark- and photo- fermentation. Water Hyacinth with various concentrations of 10–40 g/l was pretreated with four methods: (1) steam heating; (2) steam heating and microwave heating/alkali pretreatment; (3) steam heating and enzymatic hydrolysis; (4) steam heating, microwave heating/alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Water Hyacinth (20 g/l) pretreated with method 4 gave the maximum reducing sugar yield of 30.57 g/100 g TVS, which was 45.6% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield (67.0 g/100 g TVS). The pretreated Water Hyacinth was used to produce hydrogen by mixed H 2 -producing bacteria in dark fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 76.7 ml H 2 /g TVS was obtained at 20 g/l of Water Hyacinth. The residual solutions from dark fermentation (mainly acetate and butyrate) were used to further produce hydrogen by immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris in photo fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 522.6 ml H 2 /g TVS was obtained at 10 g/l of Water Hyacinth. Through a combined process of dark- and photo- fermentation, the maximum hydrogen yield from Water Hyacinth was dramatically enhanced from 76.7 to 596.1 ml H 2 /g TVS, which was 59.6% of the theoretical hydrogen yield.
Bo Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a potential native natural enemy of invasive aquatic weed Water Hyacinth
Biological Invasions, 2006Co-Authors: Bo LiAbstract:A potential native natural enemy of invasive aquatic weed Water Hyacinth was found in Shanghai of China: Chironomus larva. The larva can dig into the bulbiform petiole of Water Hyacinth, the petiole will be broken and decomposed soon, and also, the canker of Water Hyacinth will fall off. So this larva will be a native natural enemy of Water Hyacinth for controlling its invasion. From other side, Water Hyacinth will be gradually naturalized to a component of native ecosystem, although it maybe needs a long time.
Wenlu Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving fermentative hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth with genetically modified bacteria
Environmental Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Wenlu Song, Jun Cheng, Lingkan DingAbstract:Water Hyacinth pretreated with microwave-assisted dilute acid was used for fermentation to produce hydrogen using four kinds of genetically modified bacteria for the first time in this study. The genes of several hydrogenase were over-expressed in Enterobacter cloacae CICC10017 and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13408. Four recombinant strains including E. cloacae/HPP, E. aerogenes/HycE, E. aerogenes/HycG, and E. aerogenes/HoxEFUYH were obtained. Hydrogen yields from Water Hyacinth were investigated, which were enhanced using the recombinant strains. When Water Hyacinth was pretreated by microwave at 140°C for 15 min with 1% H2SO4 and then hydrolyzed by cellulase, the reducing sugar yield of 49.4 g/100 g Hyacinth was 91.4% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield. Among the four genetically modified bacteria, E. cloacae/HPP gave the highest hydrogen yield of 74.9 mL/g- total volatile solids, which was 50% higher than that given by the wild strain from pretreated Water Hyacinth. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1296–1300, 2017
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characterisation of Water Hyacinth with microwave heated alkali pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility and hydrogen methane fermentation
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Richen Lin, Wenlu Song, Lingkan Ding, Jun Cheng, Binfei Xie, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract Microwave-heated alkali pretreatment (MAP) was investigated to improve enzymatic digestibility and H 2 /CH 4 production from Water Hyacinth. SEM revealed that MAP deconstructed the lignocellulose matrix and swelled the surfaces of Water Hyacinth. XRD indicated that MAP decreased the crystallinity index from 16.0 to 13.0 because of cellulose amorphisation. FTIR indicated that MAP effectively destroyed the lignin structure and disrupted the crystalline cellulose to reduce crystallinity. The reducing sugar yield of 0.296 g/gTVS was achieved at optimal hydrolysis conditions (microwave temperature = 190 °C, time = 10 min, and cellulase dosage = 5 wt%). The sequentially fermentative hydrogen and methane yields from Water Hyacinth with MAP and enzymatic hydrolysis were increased to 63.9 and 172.5 mL/gTVS, respectively. The energy conversion efficiency (40.0%) in the two-stage hydrogen and methane cogeneration was lower than that (49.5%) in the one-stage methane production (237.4 mL/gTVS) from Water Hyacinth with MAP and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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enhancement of fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed Water Hyacinth with activated carbon detoxification and bacteria domestication
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jun Cheng, Richen Lin, Wenlu Song, Ao Xia, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract To improve fermentative hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth pretreated with microwave-assisted dilute H 2 SO 4 and cellulase, activated carbon (AC) was used to effectively remove fermentative inhibitors in hydrolysates. The removal efficiencies of vanillin, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural in artificial hydrolysates of Water Hyacinth were 84.8%, 45.4%, and 39.5%, respectively. The glucose content in the hydrolysates decreased by 13.8% with AC treatment. The hydrolysates of Water Hyacinth were used to domesticate hydrogen producing bacteria (HPB) and improve their adaptability. The hydrogen yield from the hydrolyzed Water Hyacinth with AC detoxification and HPB domestication increased from 104.0 to 134.9 mL/g total volatile solids (TVS). The sequential methane yield (107.7 mL/g TVS) significantly increased the energy conversion efficiency from 8.5% to 30.9%.
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enhancing enzymatic saccharification of Water Hyacinth through microwave heating with dilute acid pretreatment for biomass energy utilization
Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Ao Xia, Wenlu Song, Jun Cheng, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract Water Hyacinth, as waste biomass, can potentially replace fossil fuels and address pressing issues of energy shortage and serious environmental pollution. In this study, microwave-assisted dilute acid pretreatment was proposed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of Water Hyacinth for biomass energy utilization. After the pretreatment, a large amount of hemicellulose in the pretreated Water Hyacinth was hydrolyzed into xylose, galactose, and arabinose, whereas only a small amount of cellulose and lignin was hydrolyzed into glucose and propiolic acid, respectively. Increased pretreatment temperature, reaction time, and H2SO4 concentration generated more hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin degradation products, including monosaccharides and other hydrolyzates, which were further degraded into smaller acids and aldehydes. In the enzymatic hydrolysis step following the pretreatment, a large amount of cellulose was hydrolyzed into glucose and cellobiose, whereas hemicellulose was completely degraded. When 20 g/l of Water Hyacinth feedstock was subjected to microwave pretreatment with 1% H2SO4 at 140 °C for 15 min and then enzymatically hydrolyzed using cellulase, a maximum reducing sugar yield of 48.3 g/100 g Hyacinth was obtained. This value was 94.6% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield.
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hydrogen production from Water Hyacinth through dark and photo fermentation
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010Co-Authors: Jun Cheng, Wenlu Song, Junhu Zhou, Kefa CenAbstract:Abstract This article discusses the method of producing hydrogen from Water Hyacinth. Water Hyacinth was pretreated with microwave heating and alkali to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and hydrogen production in a two-step process of dark- and photo- fermentation. Water Hyacinth with various concentrations of 10–40 g/l was pretreated with four methods: (1) steam heating; (2) steam heating and microwave heating/alkali pretreatment; (3) steam heating and enzymatic hydrolysis; (4) steam heating, microwave heating/alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Water Hyacinth (20 g/l) pretreated with method 4 gave the maximum reducing sugar yield of 30.57 g/100 g TVS, which was 45.6% of the theoretical reducing sugar yield (67.0 g/100 g TVS). The pretreated Water Hyacinth was used to produce hydrogen by mixed H 2 -producing bacteria in dark fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 76.7 ml H 2 /g TVS was obtained at 20 g/l of Water Hyacinth. The residual solutions from dark fermentation (mainly acetate and butyrate) were used to further produce hydrogen by immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris in photo fermentation. The maximum hydrogen yield of 522.6 ml H 2 /g TVS was obtained at 10 g/l of Water Hyacinth. Through a combined process of dark- and photo- fermentation, the maximum hydrogen yield from Water Hyacinth was dramatically enhanced from 76.7 to 596.1 ml H 2 /g TVS, which was 59.6% of the theoretical hydrogen yield.
