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S. Amanullah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an analysis of suicide and undetermined deaths in 17 predominantly Islamic Countries contrasted with the uk
Psychological Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Colin Pritchard, S. AmanullahAbstract:Background. Suicide is expressly condemned in the Qu'ran, and traditionally few Islamic Countries have reported suicide. Undetermined deaths are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Other Violent Deaths (OVD) in ICD-9, or Other External Causes (OEC) in ICD-10. It has been suggested that to avoid under-reporting of suicides, both formal suicide verdicts and OVD should be considered together because OVD may contain 'hidden' suicides.Method. The latest WHO mortality data, by age and gender, were analysed and tested by chi2 tests. Levels of suicide and OVD in 17 Islamic Countries were examined and contextually compared with UK rates. The regional Islamic cultural differences in Middle Eastern, South Asian, European Islam Countries and those of the former Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (FUSSR) were analysed separately to test the hypotheses that there would be no difference between regional suicide and OVD rates per million (pm) and 17 Islamic Countries and UK rates.Results. Suicide rates were higher for males than females, and 'older' (65+) higher than 'younger' (15-34) rates in every country reviewed. The rate for Middle Eastern males was 0-36 pm, South Asian 0-12 pm, European 53-177 pm and FUSSR 30-506 pm, with three Countries exceeding the UK rate of 116 pm. The Western male average OVD rate was 22 pm; the UK 55 pm rate was highest. Middle Eastern OVD was 1-420 pm, South Asian 0-166 pm, European 1-66 pm and FUSSR 11-361 pm. OVD rates in 10 Islamic Countries were considerably higher than the Western average and eight had OVD rates considerably higher than their suicide rates.Conclusions. Islamic suicide rates varied widely and the high OVD rates, especially the Middle Eastern, may be a repository for hiding culturally unacceptable suicides. Language: en
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An analysis of suicide and undetermined deaths in 17 predominantly Islamic Countries contrasted with the UK.
Psychological medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Colin Pritchard, S. AmanullahAbstract:Suicide is expressly condemned in the Qu'ran, and traditionally few Islamic Countries have reported suicide. Undetermined deaths are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Other Violent Deaths (OVD) in ICD-9, or Other External Causes (OEC) in ICD-10. It has been suggested that to avoid under-reporting of suicides, both formal suicide verdicts and OVD should be considered together because OVD may contain 'hidden' suicides. The latest WHO mortality data, by age and gender, were analysed and tested by chi2 tests. Levels of suicide and OVD in 17 Islamic Countries were examined and contextually compared with UK rates. The regional Islamic cultural differences in Middle Eastern, South Asian, European Islam Countries and those of the former Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (FUSSR) were analysed separately to test the hypotheses that there would be no difference between regional suicide and OVD rates per million (pm) and 17 Islamic Countries and UK rates. Suicide rates were higher for males than females, and 'older' (65+) higher than 'younger' (15-34) rates in every country reviewed. The rate for Middle Eastern males was 0-36 pm, South Asian 0-12 pm, European 53-177 pm and FUSSR 30-506 pm, with three Countries exceeding the UK rate of 116 pm. The Western male average OVD rate was 22 pm; the UK 55 pm rate was highest. Middle Eastern OVD was 1-420 pm, South Asian 0-166 pm, European 1-66 pm and FUSSR 11-361 pm. OVD rates in 10 Islamic Countries were considerably higher than the Western average and eight had OVD rates considerably higher than their suicide rates. Islamic suicide rates varied widely and the high OVD rates, especially the Middle Eastern, may be a repository for hiding culturally unacceptable suicides.
Colin Pritchard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Undetermined and accidental mortality rates as possible sources of underreported suicides: population-based study comparing Islamic Countries and traditionally religious Western Countries.
BJPsych open, 2020Co-Authors: Colin Pritchard, Wajid Iqbal, Rosslyn DrayAbstract:Background Four Western Countries (Greece, Ireland, Italy and Portugal) with strong Orthodox and Catholic traditions have been associated with the underreporting of death by suicide, and underreported suicides are sometimes found among deaths recorded as ‘undetermined’ or ‘accidental’. Aims This population-based study tests whether there are any significant difference in patterns of suicides, undetermined deaths and accidental deaths between these four Western Countries and 21 predominately Islamic Countries. Method World Health Organization age-standardised death rates per million population were used to compare suicide rates with combined undetermined death and accidental death (UnD+AccD) rates, from which odds ratios were calculated. Substantial odds ratios (OR > 2.0) were taken as indicative of likely underreporting of suicides. The Islamic Countries come from four different historico-cultural regions, described as: less-traditional Islamic Countries; former USSR Countries; Gulf Arab states; and Middle Eastern and North African Countries. χ 2 -tests were used to determine any significant differences between the Western comparator Countries and the Islamic regions. Results For the Western comparator Countries, the average suicide rate was 66 per million population, the average undetermined death rate 56 per million and the average accidental death rate 58 per million, yielding a suicide:UnD+AccD odds ratio (OR) of 1.73. The average values for the other three groups were as follows. Less-traditional Islamic Countries: suicide rate, 31 per million; UnD+AccD rate, 101 per million; suicide:UnD+AccD OR = 3.3. Former USSR Countries: suicide rate, 61 per million; UnD+AccD rate, 221 per million; suicide:UnD+AccD OR = 3.6. Gulf Arab states: suicide rate, 10 per million; UnD+AccD rate, 76 per million; suicide:UnD+AccD OR = 8.6. Middle Eastern and North African Countries: suicide rate, 6 per million; UnD+AccD rate, 151 per million; suicide:UnD+AccD OR = 25.2. The patterns of these mortalities in the Islamic Countries was significantly different from Western comparator Countries. Conclusions The results indicate underreporting of suicides in Islamic Countries. This might inadvertently lead to reduced access to mental health preventive services in both Western and Islamic Countries.
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an analysis of suicide and undetermined deaths in 17 predominantly Islamic Countries contrasted with the uk
Psychological Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Colin Pritchard, S. AmanullahAbstract:Background. Suicide is expressly condemned in the Qu'ran, and traditionally few Islamic Countries have reported suicide. Undetermined deaths are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Other Violent Deaths (OVD) in ICD-9, or Other External Causes (OEC) in ICD-10. It has been suggested that to avoid under-reporting of suicides, both formal suicide verdicts and OVD should be considered together because OVD may contain 'hidden' suicides.Method. The latest WHO mortality data, by age and gender, were analysed and tested by chi2 tests. Levels of suicide and OVD in 17 Islamic Countries were examined and contextually compared with UK rates. The regional Islamic cultural differences in Middle Eastern, South Asian, European Islam Countries and those of the former Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (FUSSR) were analysed separately to test the hypotheses that there would be no difference between regional suicide and OVD rates per million (pm) and 17 Islamic Countries and UK rates.Results. Suicide rates were higher for males than females, and 'older' (65+) higher than 'younger' (15-34) rates in every country reviewed. The rate for Middle Eastern males was 0-36 pm, South Asian 0-12 pm, European 53-177 pm and FUSSR 30-506 pm, with three Countries exceeding the UK rate of 116 pm. The Western male average OVD rate was 22 pm; the UK 55 pm rate was highest. Middle Eastern OVD was 1-420 pm, South Asian 0-166 pm, European 1-66 pm and FUSSR 11-361 pm. OVD rates in 10 Islamic Countries were considerably higher than the Western average and eight had OVD rates considerably higher than their suicide rates.Conclusions. Islamic suicide rates varied widely and the high OVD rates, especially the Middle Eastern, may be a repository for hiding culturally unacceptable suicides. Language: en
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An analysis of suicide and undetermined deaths in 17 predominantly Islamic Countries contrasted with the UK.
Psychological medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Colin Pritchard, S. AmanullahAbstract:Suicide is expressly condemned in the Qu'ran, and traditionally few Islamic Countries have reported suicide. Undetermined deaths are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Other Violent Deaths (OVD) in ICD-9, or Other External Causes (OEC) in ICD-10. It has been suggested that to avoid under-reporting of suicides, both formal suicide verdicts and OVD should be considered together because OVD may contain 'hidden' suicides. The latest WHO mortality data, by age and gender, were analysed and tested by chi2 tests. Levels of suicide and OVD in 17 Islamic Countries were examined and contextually compared with UK rates. The regional Islamic cultural differences in Middle Eastern, South Asian, European Islam Countries and those of the former Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (FUSSR) were analysed separately to test the hypotheses that there would be no difference between regional suicide and OVD rates per million (pm) and 17 Islamic Countries and UK rates. Suicide rates were higher for males than females, and 'older' (65+) higher than 'younger' (15-34) rates in every country reviewed. The rate for Middle Eastern males was 0-36 pm, South Asian 0-12 pm, European 53-177 pm and FUSSR 30-506 pm, with three Countries exceeding the UK rate of 116 pm. The Western male average OVD rate was 22 pm; the UK 55 pm rate was highest. Middle Eastern OVD was 1-420 pm, South Asian 0-166 pm, European 1-66 pm and FUSSR 11-361 pm. OVD rates in 10 Islamic Countries were considerably higher than the Western average and eight had OVD rates considerably higher than their suicide rates. Islamic suicide rates varied widely and the high OVD rates, especially the Middle Eastern, may be a repository for hiding culturally unacceptable suicides.
R. Ghachem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Violence against women in Arab and Islamic Countries.
Archives of women's mental health, 2003Co-Authors: S. Douki, F. Nacef, A. Belhadj, A. Bouasker, R. GhachemAbstract:In Arab and Islamic Countries, domestic violence is not yet considered a major concern despite its increasing frequency and serious consequences. Surveys in Egypt, Palestine, Israel and Tunisia show that at least one out of three women is beaten by her husband. The indifference to this type of violence stems from attitudes that domestic violence is a private matter and, usually, a justifiable response to misbehaviour on the part of the wife. Selective excerpts from the Koran are used to prove that men who beat their wives are following God's commandments. These religious justifications, plus the importance of preserving the honour of the family, lead abusers, victims, police and health care professionals to join in a conspiracy of silence rather than disclosing these offences. However, a fair reading of the Koran shows that wife abuse, like genital mutilation and "honour killings" are a result of culture rather than religion.
S. Douki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Violence against women in Arab and Islamic Countries.
Archives of women's mental health, 2003Co-Authors: S. Douki, F. Nacef, A. Belhadj, A. Bouasker, R. GhachemAbstract:In Arab and Islamic Countries, domestic violence is not yet considered a major concern despite its increasing frequency and serious consequences. Surveys in Egypt, Palestine, Israel and Tunisia show that at least one out of three women is beaten by her husband. The indifference to this type of violence stems from attitudes that domestic violence is a private matter and, usually, a justifiable response to misbehaviour on the part of the wife. Selective excerpts from the Koran are used to prove that men who beat their wives are following God's commandments. These religious justifications, plus the importance of preserving the honour of the family, lead abusers, victims, police and health care professionals to join in a conspiracy of silence rather than disclosing these offences. However, a fair reading of the Koran shows that wife abuse, like genital mutilation and "honour killings" are a result of culture rather than religion.
Bader Mohammed Alansari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gender differences in depression among undergraduates from seventeen Islamic Countries
Social Behavior and Personality, 2006Co-Authors: Bader Mohammed AlansariAbstract:In this study we investigated gender differences in depression among volunteer undergraduates ( N = 8,538) recruited from 17 Islamic Countries. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, which used the English version. Results indicated that there are significant gender differences in 9 of the Islamic Countries in which females tended to be higher in depression, namely: Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, and Kuwait. However, males scored significantly higher than females in Saudi Arabia, while there were no significant gender differences in depression in Lebanon, Tunisia, Palestine, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Jordan, and Sudan. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Gender Differences in Depression among Undergraduates from Seventeen Islamic Countries
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2006Co-Authors: Bader Mohammed AlansariAbstract:This study investigated gender differences in depression among volunteer undergraduates (N = 8,538) recruited from 17 Islamic Countries. The Beck Depression Inventory II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, which used the English version. Results indicated that there are significant gender differences in 9 of the Islamic Countries in which females tended to be higher in depression namely, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, and Kuwait. However, males scored significantly higher than females in Saudi Arabia, while there are no significant gender differences in depression in Lebanon, Tunisia, Palestine, U.A. Emirates, Yemen, Jordan, and Sudan. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Gender differences in anxiety among undergraduates from sixteen Islamic Countries
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2006Co-Authors: Bader Mohammed AlansariAbstract:This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic Countries; Algiers, Egypt, Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (N= 7,506). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, for which the English version of KUAS was used. There are significant gender differences in 11 Islamic Countries out of 16 in which females tended to be higher on the anxiety scale: Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Pakistan, Algiers, Yemen and Syria, while there was no significant difference in anxiety between the genders in the following five Countries: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Sudan, Emirates and Palestine. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) items characteristics among undergraduate students of nineteen Islamic Countries
Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2005Co-Authors: Bader Mohammed AlansariAbstract:An Arabic version of the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in its complete form was developed by Ghareeb (2000). The BDI-II was administered to 18 Islamic groups and the English version of the BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) was administered to an additional Pakistani group. Coefficient alphas were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from 19 Islamic Countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco, and Pakistan. The corrected item-total scale correlations of the BDI-II ranged between .21 and 89, the inventory seems viable in the Arabic context. Its use in cross-cultural studies was determined to be suitable.
