The Experts below are selected from a list of 102 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Heinze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethylation of arabinoxylan from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract The ethylation of arabinoxylan, isolated from Ispaghula seed husk by alkali extraction, was carried out heterogeneously with ethyl iodide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide (25%). The reaction parameters were varied in terms of molar ratio anhydrosugar unit:reagent, slurry medium, and temperature. In order to determine the total degree of substitution of ethyl groups (DSEt), 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of ethyl arabinoxylans (EAX) after peracetylation with acetyl chloride in N,N-dimethyl formamide were carried out. Structural elucidation of the peracetylated EAX was conducted by means of 1H, 1H COSY- and HSQC-DEPT NMR experiments. DS values for EAX as high as 0.61 were achieved. Samples were soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide at 80 °C. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of EAX samples depends on reaction conditions applied. The highest [η] obtained was 518 mL/g for a sample synthesized at 40 °C in methanol as slurry medium using a molar ratio arabinoxylan:ethyl iodide of 1:18.
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Structure characterization and carboxymethylation of arabinoxylan isolated from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Muhammad Ajaz Hussain, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract As revealed by NMR spectroscopy (after ultrasonic degradation) and HPLC (after total hydrolysis) an arabinoxylan (AX) containing 74.8% Xyl p and 23.2% Ara f was isolated from Ispaghula ( Plantago ovata ) by soaking the seed husk with water, extraction with aqueous sodium hydroxide and coagulation with acetic acid. The AX with a molar mass of 364,470 g/mol shows high swelling ability in water. The carboxymethylation of AX was carried out heterogeneously with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction parameters were varied in terms of slurry medium, molar ratio, temperature, time, and sodium hydroxide concentration. For comparative studies, carboxymethylation of arabinan was carried out. In order to determine the total degree of substitution (DS) and mole fractions of the repeating units of carboxymethyl arabinoxylan (CMAX) and of carboxymethyl arabinan, HPLC and 1 H NMR spectroscopic investigations after total hydrolysis were carried out. DS values for CMAX as high as 1.81 were achieved. CMAX is water soluble starting at DS of 0.33.
Shazia Saghir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acute toxicity studies of a novel excipient arabinoxylan isolated from ispaghula plantago ovata husk
Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Alia Erum, Shazia Saghir, Sajid Bashir, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Uzma Saleem, Muhammad Umar Nasir, Farina Kanwal, Muhammad Nasir Hayat MalikAbstract:AbstractPurpose: The arabinoxylan from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) husk has been proven scientifically as potential excipient. However, toxicity study of the arabinoxylan is still lacking. The present study was done to investigate the acute toxicity of arabinoxylan in two animal species. Methods: The mice were exposed to (1 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg) and rabbits (2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg) of arabinoxylan orally and observed for a period of 14 days. On day 15 hematology, serum biochemistry and necropsy was performed in mice relative organ weight calculated and histological examination was carried out. Primary dermal and eye irritation tests were carried out. Cardiac effects of isolated arabinoxylan were studied on frog heart. Results: The acute administration of the arabinoxylan did not produce mortality or significant changes in, water and food consumption however body weights of mice and rabbits decreased initially with a gradual increase till day 14. Internal organs relative weights were found to be normal. Hematolo...
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physicochemical characterization and evaluation of suspending properties of arabinoxylan from ispaghula plantago ovata husk
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Sajid Bashir, Shazia Saghir, Alia Erum, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Ayesha RashidAbstract:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of arabinoxylan as potential suspending agent, an effective alternative to commercially used excipients for the preparation of pharmaceutical suspensions. Alkali extraction was done to separate arabinoxylan from ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk by alkali extraction its physicochemical characterization was done and the suspending properties of arabinoxylan isolated were evaluated comparatively with those of bentonite at different concentration ranges of 0.125,0.25,0.5 and 1% in Zinc oxide suspension. The parameters employed for evaluation were sedimentation volume, degree of flocculation, flow rate, density, pH, redispersibility, microbiological evaluation and particle size analysis. Physicochemical characterization of arabinoxylan indicates its suitability as excipient as it has fair flow properties, low moisture content and almost neutral pH. Arabinoxylan at low conc. 0.125% showed sedimentation volume comparable to commercially used suspending agents such as bentonite 1% while suspensions containing higher concentrations such as 0.25% (sedimentation volume 92%), 0.5% (sedimentation volume 94%) and 1% conc. (sedimentation volume 98%) of arabinoxylan remained almost completely suspended during study period of 7 days. Formulations containing 0.125% and 0.25% arabinoxylan as suspending agents are easily redispersible as compared to bentonite containing formulation while formulation containing 0.5% arabinoxylan are moderately redispersible while formulation containing 1% suspending agent gel upon storage and was not redispersible. Furthermore arabinoxylan produces stable, highly flocculated suspension, which fulfilled microbiological, and particle size specifications, however the formulations containing higher arabinoxylan 1% concentration gel upon storage. So it is concluded that arabinoxylan could be used as effective suspending agent at low concentrations in Zinc oxide suspension.
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Ethylation of arabinoxylan from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract The ethylation of arabinoxylan, isolated from Ispaghula seed husk by alkali extraction, was carried out heterogeneously with ethyl iodide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide (25%). The reaction parameters were varied in terms of molar ratio anhydrosugar unit:reagent, slurry medium, and temperature. In order to determine the total degree of substitution of ethyl groups (DSEt), 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of ethyl arabinoxylans (EAX) after peracetylation with acetyl chloride in N,N-dimethyl formamide were carried out. Structural elucidation of the peracetylated EAX was conducted by means of 1H, 1H COSY- and HSQC-DEPT NMR experiments. DS values for EAX as high as 0.61 were achieved. Samples were soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide at 80 °C. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of EAX samples depends on reaction conditions applied. The highest [η] obtained was 518 mL/g for a sample synthesized at 40 °C in methanol as slurry medium using a molar ratio arabinoxylan:ethyl iodide of 1:18.
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Structure characterization and carboxymethylation of arabinoxylan isolated from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Muhammad Ajaz Hussain, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract As revealed by NMR spectroscopy (after ultrasonic degradation) and HPLC (after total hydrolysis) an arabinoxylan (AX) containing 74.8% Xyl p and 23.2% Ara f was isolated from Ispaghula ( Plantago ovata ) by soaking the seed husk with water, extraction with aqueous sodium hydroxide and coagulation with acetic acid. The AX with a molar mass of 364,470 g/mol shows high swelling ability in water. The carboxymethylation of AX was carried out heterogeneously with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction parameters were varied in terms of slurry medium, molar ratio, temperature, time, and sodium hydroxide concentration. For comparative studies, carboxymethylation of arabinan was carried out. In order to determine the total degree of substitution (DS) and mole fractions of the repeating units of carboxymethyl arabinoxylan (CMAX) and of carboxymethyl arabinan, HPLC and 1 H NMR spectroscopic investigations after total hydrolysis were carried out. DS values for CMAX as high as 1.81 were achieved. CMAX is water soluble starting at DS of 0.33.
Andreas Koschella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethylation of arabinoxylan from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract The ethylation of arabinoxylan, isolated from Ispaghula seed husk by alkali extraction, was carried out heterogeneously with ethyl iodide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide (25%). The reaction parameters were varied in terms of molar ratio anhydrosugar unit:reagent, slurry medium, and temperature. In order to determine the total degree of substitution of ethyl groups (DSEt), 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of ethyl arabinoxylans (EAX) after peracetylation with acetyl chloride in N,N-dimethyl formamide were carried out. Structural elucidation of the peracetylated EAX was conducted by means of 1H, 1H COSY- and HSQC-DEPT NMR experiments. DS values for EAX as high as 0.61 were achieved. Samples were soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide at 80 °C. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of EAX samples depends on reaction conditions applied. The highest [η] obtained was 518 mL/g for a sample synthesized at 40 °C in methanol as slurry medium using a molar ratio arabinoxylan:ethyl iodide of 1:18.
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Structure characterization and carboxymethylation of arabinoxylan isolated from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Muhammad Ajaz Hussain, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract As revealed by NMR spectroscopy (after ultrasonic degradation) and HPLC (after total hydrolysis) an arabinoxylan (AX) containing 74.8% Xyl p and 23.2% Ara f was isolated from Ispaghula ( Plantago ovata ) by soaking the seed husk with water, extraction with aqueous sodium hydroxide and coagulation with acetic acid. The AX with a molar mass of 364,470 g/mol shows high swelling ability in water. The carboxymethylation of AX was carried out heterogeneously with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction parameters were varied in terms of slurry medium, molar ratio, temperature, time, and sodium hydroxide concentration. For comparative studies, carboxymethylation of arabinan was carried out. In order to determine the total degree of substitution (DS) and mole fractions of the repeating units of carboxymethyl arabinoxylan (CMAX) and of carboxymethyl arabinan, HPLC and 1 H NMR spectroscopic investigations after total hydrolysis were carried out. DS values for CMAX as high as 1.81 were achieved. CMAX is water soluble starting at DS of 0.33.
Mohammad S. Iqbal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethylation of arabinoxylan from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract The ethylation of arabinoxylan, isolated from Ispaghula seed husk by alkali extraction, was carried out heterogeneously with ethyl iodide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide (25%). The reaction parameters were varied in terms of molar ratio anhydrosugar unit:reagent, slurry medium, and temperature. In order to determine the total degree of substitution of ethyl groups (DSEt), 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of ethyl arabinoxylans (EAX) after peracetylation with acetyl chloride in N,N-dimethyl formamide were carried out. Structural elucidation of the peracetylated EAX was conducted by means of 1H, 1H COSY- and HSQC-DEPT NMR experiments. DS values for EAX as high as 0.61 were achieved. Samples were soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide at 80 °C. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of EAX samples depends on reaction conditions applied. The highest [η] obtained was 518 mL/g for a sample synthesized at 40 °C in methanol as slurry medium using a molar ratio arabinoxylan:ethyl iodide of 1:18.
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Structure characterization and carboxymethylation of arabinoxylan isolated from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008Co-Authors: Shazia Saghir, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Andreas Koschella, Muhammad Ajaz Hussain, Thomas HeinzeAbstract:Abstract As revealed by NMR spectroscopy (after ultrasonic degradation) and HPLC (after total hydrolysis) an arabinoxylan (AX) containing 74.8% Xyl p and 23.2% Ara f was isolated from Ispaghula ( Plantago ovata ) by soaking the seed husk with water, extraction with aqueous sodium hydroxide and coagulation with acetic acid. The AX with a molar mass of 364,470 g/mol shows high swelling ability in water. The carboxymethylation of AX was carried out heterogeneously with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction parameters were varied in terms of slurry medium, molar ratio, temperature, time, and sodium hydroxide concentration. For comparative studies, carboxymethylation of arabinan was carried out. In order to determine the total degree of substitution (DS) and mole fractions of the repeating units of carboxymethyl arabinoxylan (CMAX) and of carboxymethyl arabinan, HPLC and 1 H NMR spectroscopic investigations after total hydrolysis were carried out. DS values for CMAX as high as 1.81 were achieved. CMAX is water soluble starting at DS of 0.33.
Alexander C Ford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy of soluble fibre antispasmodic drugs and gut brain neuromodulators in irritable bowel syndrome a systematic review and network meta analysis
The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2020Co-Authors: Alexander C Ford, Paul Moayyedi, Eamonn Marti Quigley, Christophe J Lack, Yuhong Yua, Christia P Selinge, Michael CamilleriAbstract:Summary Background Although novel therapies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) continue to be developed, many doctors rely on more established, traditional therapies as first-line or second-line treatment options. These therapies include soluble fibre (eg, ispaghula husk), antispasmodic drugs, peppermint oil, and gut–brain neuromodulators (including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or α-2-δ calcium channel subunit ligands). However, the relative efficacy of traditional treatments in patients with IBS is unclear because there have been few head-to-head randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We aimed to compare and rank the efficacy of traditional therapies in patients with IBS to help inform clinical decisions. Methods For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Embase Classic, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to week 2 of August 2019; ClinicalTrials.gov for unpublished trials or supplementary data published up to Aug 18, 2019; and gastroenterology conference proceedings for study abstracts published between 2001 and Aug 18, 2019. We included RCTs that compared any of these treatments with each other (head-to-head trials) or with placebo, in which the efficacy of soluble fibre, antispasmodic drugs, peppermint oil, or gut–brain neuromodulators was assessed in adults (aged at least 18 years) with IBS of any subtype after 4–12 weeks of treatment. Only RCTs reporting a dichotomous assessment of overall response to therapy, in terms of either improvement in global IBS symptoms or improvement in abdominal pain, were included. The efficacy and safety of all treatments were reported as a pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs to summarise the effect of each comparison tested, and treatments were ranked according to their P-score. Findings Our search identified 5863 references, of which 81 were screened for eligibility. 51 RCTs with data from 4644 patients were eligible for inclusion in our analysis, but only 13 of these trials were at low risk of bias. Based on an endpoint of failure to achieve improvement in global IBS symptoms at 4–12 weeks, peppermint oil capsules were ranked first for efficacy (RR 0·63, 95% CI 0·48–0·83, P-score 0·84) and tricyclic antidepressants were ranked second (0·66, 0·53–0·83, P-score 0·77). For failure to achieve an improvement in global IBS symptoms at 4–12 weeks, there were no significant differences between active treatments after direct or indirect comparisons. For failure to achieve improvement in abdominal pain at 4–12 weeks, tricyclic antidepressants were ranked first for efficacy (0·53, 0·34–0·83, P-score 0·87); however, this result was based on data from only four RCTs involving 92 patients. For failure to achieve an improvement in abdominal pain, none of the active treatments showed superior efficacy upon indirect comparison. Tricyclic antidepressants were more likely than placebo to lead to adverse events (1·59, 1·26–2·06, P-score 0·16). Interpretation In this network meta-analysis of RCTs of soluble fibre, antispasmodic drugs, peppermint oil, and gut–brain neuromodulators for IBS, few of which were judged as being at a low risk of bias, peppermint oil was ranked first for efficacy when global symptoms were used as the outcome measure, and tricyclic antidepressants were ranked first for efficacy when abdominal pain was used as the outcome measure. However, because of the lack of methodological rigour of some RCTs analysed in our study, there is likely to be considerable uncertainty around these findings. In addition, because treatment duration in most included trials was 4–12 weeks, the long-term relative efficacy of these treatments is unknown. Funding None.
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effect of fibre antispasmodics and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome systematic review and meta analysis
BMJ, 2008Co-Authors: Alexander C Ford, Amy E Foxxorenstein, Brennan M R Spiegel, Eamonn Martin Quigley, Nicholas J Talley, Lawrence R. Schiller, Paul MoayyediAbstract:Objective To determine the effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane controlled trials register up to April 2008. Review methods Randomised controlled trials comparing fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil with placebo or no treatment in adults with irritable bowel syndrome were eligible for inclusion. The minimum duration of therapy considered was one week, and studies had to report either a global assessment of cure or improvement in symptoms, or cure of or improvement in abdominal pain, after treatment. A random effects model was used to pool data on symptoms, and the effect of therapy compared with placebo or no treatment was reported as the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of symptoms persisting. Results 12 studies compared fibre with placebo or no treatment in 591 patients (relative risk of persistent symptoms 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.00). This effect was limited to ispaghula (0.78, 0.63 to 0.96). Twenty two trials compared antispasmodics with placebo in 1778 patients (0.68, 0.57 to 0.81). Various antispasmodics were studied, but otilonium (four trials, 435 patients, relative risk of persistent symptoms 0.55, 0.31 to 0.97) and hyoscine (three trials, 426 patients, 0.63, 0.51 to 0.78) showed consistent evidence of efficacy. Four trials compared peppermint oil with placebo in 392 patients (0.43, 0.32 to 0.59). Conclusion Fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil were all more effective than placebo in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
