The Experts below are selected from a list of 11109 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Atte Oksanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Der schmale Grat zwischen Leid und Entertainment – Berichterstattung finnischer Massenmedien nach schweren Gewalttaten
Die mediale Inszenierung von Amok und Terrorismus, 2016Co-Authors: Atte Oksanen, James Hawdon, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:Die Autoren dieses Kapitels analysieren die Berichterstattung sowie die Recherchemethoden von Journalisten in den Fallen der School Shootings von Jokela (2007) und Kauhajoki (2008). Zudem werden die Taten und Tater auf Parallelen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden verglichen mit der medialen Darstellung von Fallen, die sich in den USA ereignet haben. Im Ergebnis werden Ansatze fur die Forschung sowie die Optimierung der journalistischen Arbeit aufgezeigt.
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Coping with Tragedy, Reacting to an Event The Case of the Jokela School Shooting in Finland
YOUNG, 2014Co-Authors: Tomi Kiilakoski, Johanna Nurmi, Atte OksanenAbstract:This article analyzes the unexpected nature and the consequences of the school shooting in Jokela, Finland in 2007. The study is based on interviews with professionals who participated in the relief efforts after the shooting incident. The analysis focuses on the role of the local youth workers during the days following the crisis. Reactions to the shootings and the consequences of the incident in the local community of Jokela are also considered. The philosophical concept of the event is used to highlight the suddenness of the school shooting incident, likewise its transformative character and its power to reshape public space. The results show that the efforts of the youth workers considerably helped the young in Jokela to cope with the immediate shock and changes in the community life after the shooting.
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Social Solidarity and the Fear of Risk: Examining Worries about the Recurrence of a Mass Tragedy in a Small Community
Sociological Spectrum, 2014Co-Authors: Pekka Räsänen, James Hawdon, Matti Näsi, Atte OksanenAbstract:In November 2007, the Jokela community experienced the first large-scale school shooting in Finland. The paper examines how local residents perceive the risk of school shootings, as an extreme crisis, reoccurring. We are particularly interested in how social solidarity associates with the fear of this type of risk. We use a natural experimental design to see if recurrence of a potential mass tragedy changes the relationship between solidarity and the perception of different types or risks. Our data are derived from two separate mail surveys of Jokela adults in 2008 (n = 330) and 2009 (n = 278), respectively. The strength of our data is that the second large-scale school shooting in Finland, which took place in the fall of 2008, occurred between the collections of the two data sets. We find that once extreme tragedies become more common, the protective functions of social solidarity tends to diminish as a source of protective factor for social communities.
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Local responses to collective and personal crime after school shootings
Crime Law and Social Change, 2013Co-Authors: Miika Vuori, Atte Oksanen, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:This study examines how community members respond to collective and personal crime after unexpected violent, mass tragedies. Our main interest is in whether or not responses to personal and collective crime are similar in two local communities. Furthermore, we assess how socio-demographic and experiential factors and social solidarity associate with the fear of crime. Empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data. Postal surveys were collected from the Finnish localities of Jokela (n = 330) and Kauhajoki (n = 319) 6 months after the respective school shooting tragedies. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regressions are used as analysis techniques. The results indicate that the fear of collective crime was associated with a low level of social solidarity in Jokela. In Kauhajoki, socio-demographic and experiential factors were associated with the fear of collective crime, but social solidarity was not. In particular, female respondents and those who knew a victim reported higher levels of fear of collective crime. As with personal crime, responses between Jokela and Kauhajoki were relatively similar. The results confirm findings of previous criminological studies demonstrating the association between weak social solidarity and fear of personal victimization.
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Fear of Crime in Local Communities after School Shootings
Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 2013Co-Authors: Miika Vuori, Atte Oksanen, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:This study examines how adult populations express fear of mass violence in two Finnish local communities that have both faced school shooting incidents. The main focus is on the respondents' fear about the recurrence of school shootings. Our hypothesis is that socio-demographic factors, crime victimization, and depressive mood explain individual variation in fear of mass violence. Empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data (n = 1,266). The postal surveys were collected from the Jokela and Kauhajoki local communities approximately 6 and 18 months after the school shooting incidents had taken place in 2007 and 2008. Descriptive analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis are used as analysis methods. The results highlight that fear of mass violence was associated with the female gender, low income, and households with school-aged children. Young women aged 18–34 were among the most concerned, whereas young men aged 18–34 were the least concerned, also when compared to older males. Finally, th...
Pekka Räsänen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Der schmale Grat zwischen Leid und Entertainment – Berichterstattung finnischer Massenmedien nach schweren Gewalttaten
Die mediale Inszenierung von Amok und Terrorismus, 2016Co-Authors: Atte Oksanen, James Hawdon, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:Die Autoren dieses Kapitels analysieren die Berichterstattung sowie die Recherchemethoden von Journalisten in den Fallen der School Shootings von Jokela (2007) und Kauhajoki (2008). Zudem werden die Taten und Tater auf Parallelen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden verglichen mit der medialen Darstellung von Fallen, die sich in den USA ereignet haben. Im Ergebnis werden Ansatze fur die Forschung sowie die Optimierung der journalistischen Arbeit aufgezeigt.
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Social Solidarity and the Fear of Risk: Examining Worries about the Recurrence of a Mass Tragedy in a Small Community
Sociological Spectrum, 2014Co-Authors: Pekka Räsänen, James Hawdon, Matti Näsi, Atte OksanenAbstract:In November 2007, the Jokela community experienced the first large-scale school shooting in Finland. The paper examines how local residents perceive the risk of school shootings, as an extreme crisis, reoccurring. We are particularly interested in how social solidarity associates with the fear of this type of risk. We use a natural experimental design to see if recurrence of a potential mass tragedy changes the relationship between solidarity and the perception of different types or risks. Our data are derived from two separate mail surveys of Jokela adults in 2008 (n = 330) and 2009 (n = 278), respectively. The strength of our data is that the second large-scale school shooting in Finland, which took place in the fall of 2008, occurred between the collections of the two data sets. We find that once extreme tragedies become more common, the protective functions of social solidarity tends to diminish as a source of protective factor for social communities.
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Local responses to collective and personal crime after school shootings
Crime Law and Social Change, 2013Co-Authors: Miika Vuori, Atte Oksanen, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:This study examines how community members respond to collective and personal crime after unexpected violent, mass tragedies. Our main interest is in whether or not responses to personal and collective crime are similar in two local communities. Furthermore, we assess how socio-demographic and experiential factors and social solidarity associate with the fear of crime. Empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data. Postal surveys were collected from the Finnish localities of Jokela (n = 330) and Kauhajoki (n = 319) 6 months after the respective school shooting tragedies. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regressions are used as analysis techniques. The results indicate that the fear of collective crime was associated with a low level of social solidarity in Jokela. In Kauhajoki, socio-demographic and experiential factors were associated with the fear of collective crime, but social solidarity was not. In particular, female respondents and those who knew a victim reported higher levels of fear of collective crime. As with personal crime, responses between Jokela and Kauhajoki were relatively similar. The results confirm findings of previous criminological studies demonstrating the association between weak social solidarity and fear of personal victimization.
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Fear of Crime in Local Communities after School Shootings
Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 2013Co-Authors: Miika Vuori, Atte Oksanen, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:This study examines how adult populations express fear of mass violence in two Finnish local communities that have both faced school shooting incidents. The main focus is on the respondents' fear about the recurrence of school shootings. Our hypothesis is that socio-demographic factors, crime victimization, and depressive mood explain individual variation in fear of mass violence. Empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data (n = 1,266). The postal surveys were collected from the Jokela and Kauhajoki local communities approximately 6 and 18 months after the school shooting incidents had taken place in 2007 and 2008. Descriptive analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis are used as analysis methods. The results highlight that fear of mass violence was associated with the female gender, low income, and households with school-aged children. Young women aged 18–34 were among the most concerned, whereas young men aged 18–34 were the least concerned, also when compared to older males. Finally, th...
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Jokela: The Social Roots of a School Shooting Tragedy in Finland
School Shootings, 2012Co-Authors: Atte Oksanen, Johanna Nurmi, Miika Vuori, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:An analysis of a school shooting that took place in the small town of Jokela, Finland, in 2007. The perpetrator, Pekka-Eric Auvinen, pursued a clear and sophisticated media strategy and wrote a manifesto that underlined nihilism, hate, and disillusion with society and his peers. Auvinen was a shy, lonely young man who found his peer group in internet communities that glorify school shootings. The data used included investigation reports, a two-wave survey conducted in Jokela 6 and 18 months after the shooting, and interviews with local residents and involved professionals. Our analysis reveals the social roots of the tragedy. Auvinen was bullied and felt ostracized in the small community. Both school and family failed to integrate him socially. In the local community, young people became increasingly worried about his talk and behavior, especially in the year immediately preceding the shooting. Auvinen’s parents tried without success to get psychiatric help for their son, who became increasingly radical in his thoughts and obsessed with terrorist violence. A lack of meaningful social ties magnified the effect of online communities that indirectly encouraged Auvinen to carry out his “Main Strike.” The shooting was a traumatic event for the whole community since the perpetrator had lived there most of his life. Social support and solidarity enhanced the prospects for coping.
Minttu Tikka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reality on circulation - School shootings, ritualised communication, and the dark side of the sacred
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:In this article, we will examine the ritualised dynamics of communication that emerged around the killer material on YouTube produced in four school shootings in the United States and in Finland: Columbine in 1999, Virginia Tech in 2007, Jokela in 2007, and Kauhajoki in 2008. The scope of the article is media anthropological. The dynamics of the dark digital encounters celebrating violence and misanthropy are discussed through the ideas of French social theorist Georges Bataille (1897–1962) on the constitution of the social through ritualised use of visual representations of violence and torture.
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Reality on circulation – School shootings, ritualised communication, and the dark side of the sacred
Essachess : Journal for Communication Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:Abstract : In this article, we will examine the ritualised dynamics of communication that emerged around the killer material on YouTube produced in four school shootings in the United States and in Finland: Columbine in 1999, Virginia Tech in 2007, Jokela in 2007, and Kauhajoki in 2008. The scope of the article is media anthropological. The dynamics of the dark digital encounters celebrating violence and misanthropy are discussed through the ideas of French social theorist Georges Bataille (1897–1962) on the constitution of the social through ritualised use of visual representations of violence and torture. Keywords : school shootings, YouTube, Bataille, ritual communication, sacred Resume: Dans cet article nous examinerons les dynamiques ritualisees de communication apparues autour du tueur sur You Tube et produites dans les quatre fusillades a l’ecole aux Etats-Unis et en Finlande : Columbine en 1999, Virginia Tech en 2007, Jokela en 2007 et Kauhajoki en 2008. Cet article releve de l’anthropologie des medias. Les dynamiques des sombres rencontres digitales celebrant la violence et la misanthropie sont discutees contre les idees du theoricien social francais Georges Bataille (1897-1962) sur la constitution du social a travers l’usage ritualise de la representation visuelle de la violence et de la torture. Mots-cles: fusillades a l’ecole, You Tube, Bataille, communication rituelle, sacre
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Imagining globalised fears: school shooting videos and circulation of violence on YouTube
Social Anthropology, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:In recent years there has been a revival of interest in the concept of circulation in the field of anthropology. This article aims at elaborating the idea of circulation, namely, in the context of media anthropology. We illuminate the workings of circulation by illustrating how violent media images travel on YouTube and how video clips contribute to the formation and reformation of globalised social imaginaries of violence. Special attention is given to the circulations of school shooting videos on YouTube. Through fieldwork on YouTube videos associated with the Columbine, Virginia Tech, Jokela and Kauhajoki massacres, the article draws on George Bataille's ideas on symbolic violence to claim that the school shootings as visual media spectacles of violence, death and terror can be seen as paradigmatic examples of deadly events that have a potential to stimulate social imaginaries of horror and anxiety through the cultural logic of circulation in the era of globalisation.
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“Web First” to Death: The Media Logic of the School Shootings in the Era of Uncertainty
Nordicom Review, 2010Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:The article discusses the most recent Finnish school shootings in Jokela (2007) and in Kauhajoki (2008) as communicative events, proclaimed to be media disasters. These events are described as media disasters following the media logic of the network society. The media performance of the school shootings is analysed from the three different, yet interconnected perspectives: transmission, ritual and dissemination models of communication. The special focus is on the analysis of web based communication; its patterns, functions and logic. The authors argue that the most prevalent media logic of school shooting communication is the circulation of violent messages. Finally the authors suggest that the Jokela and the Kauhajoki school shootings should be considered as articulations of the culture of fear.
Johanna Nurmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coping with Tragedy, Reacting to an Event The Case of the Jokela School Shooting in Finland
YOUNG, 2014Co-Authors: Tomi Kiilakoski, Johanna Nurmi, Atte OksanenAbstract:This article analyzes the unexpected nature and the consequences of the school shooting in Jokela, Finland in 2007. The study is based on interviews with professionals who participated in the relief efforts after the shooting incident. The analysis focuses on the role of the local youth workers during the days following the crisis. Reactions to the shootings and the consequences of the incident in the local community of Jokela are also considered. The philosophical concept of the event is used to highlight the suddenness of the school shooting incident, likewise its transformative character and its power to reshape public space. The results show that the efforts of the youth workers considerably helped the young in Jokela to cope with the immediate shock and changes in the community life after the shooting.
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Jokela: The Social Roots of a School Shooting Tragedy in Finland
School Shootings, 2012Co-Authors: Atte Oksanen, Johanna Nurmi, Miika Vuori, Pekka RäsänenAbstract:An analysis of a school shooting that took place in the small town of Jokela, Finland, in 2007. The perpetrator, Pekka-Eric Auvinen, pursued a clear and sophisticated media strategy and wrote a manifesto that underlined nihilism, hate, and disillusion with society and his peers. Auvinen was a shy, lonely young man who found his peer group in internet communities that glorify school shootings. The data used included investigation reports, a two-wave survey conducted in Jokela 6 and 18 months after the shooting, and interviews with local residents and involved professionals. Our analysis reveals the social roots of the tragedy. Auvinen was bullied and felt ostracized in the small community. Both school and family failed to integrate him socially. In the local community, young people became increasingly worried about his talk and behavior, especially in the year immediately preceding the shooting. Auvinen’s parents tried without success to get psychiatric help for their son, who became increasingly radical in his thoughts and obsessed with terrorist violence. A lack of meaningful social ties magnified the effect of online communities that indirectly encouraged Auvinen to carry out his “Main Strike.” The shooting was a traumatic event for the whole community since the perpetrator had lived there most of his life. Social support and solidarity enhanced the prospects for coping.
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making sense of school shootings comparing local narratives of solidarity and conflict in finland
Traumatology, 2012Co-Authors: Johanna NurmiAbstract:This article focuses on the dynamics of solidarity and conflict after incidents of mass violence. To date, two rampage school shootings have taken place in Finland in the small towns of Jokela and ...
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The norm of solidarity: Experiencing negative aspects of community life after a school shooting tragedy:
Journal of Social Work, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Nurmi, Pekka Räsänen, Atte OksanenAbstract:• Summary: Recent rampage shootings at schools have provoked intense academic discussion. While there have been two recent school shootings in Finland, there is not much empirical research focusing on these incidents. What is particularly lacking is research on community reaction to this type of mass violence. In this article, we take a look at the negative aspects of solidarity after a shooting incident in a small Finnish community of Jokela. We explore community experience on shootings through two types of empirical measures. The research material consists of a mail survey of the local residents and focused interviews of professional experts.• Findings: Our results suggest that there was a rise in social solidarity after the shooting tragedy. However, the increased level of solidarity was also followed by a variety of negative phenomena such as strengthened group divisions between youth and adults, social stigmatization, and feelings of collective guilt. These experiences are familiar in the cultural tr...
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"This can't happen here!" Community Reactions to School Shootings in Finland
2010Co-Authors: Atte Oksanen, Johanna Nurmi, Pekka Räsänen, Kauri LindströmAbstract:The recent school shootings in Jokela and in Kauhajoki received immediate worldwide media coverage on mass violence in a welfare society. This article examines community response to these incidents. We have gathered comparable survey data from the local communities Jokela (N=330) and Kauhajoki (N=319). Both surveys were conducted approximately six months after the shootings, and they represent local adult populations. With these data, we analyse the reactions of local residents to the shootings. We focus on questions such as whether the shootings were considered isolated tragedies or not, and whether they could have been prevented or not. The article considers what implications these recent critical incidents may have for Finland as a Nordic welfare society.
Johanna Sumiala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reality on circulation - School shootings, ritualised communication, and the dark side of the sacred
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:In this article, we will examine the ritualised dynamics of communication that emerged around the killer material on YouTube produced in four school shootings in the United States and in Finland: Columbine in 1999, Virginia Tech in 2007, Jokela in 2007, and Kauhajoki in 2008. The scope of the article is media anthropological. The dynamics of the dark digital encounters celebrating violence and misanthropy are discussed through the ideas of French social theorist Georges Bataille (1897–1962) on the constitution of the social through ritualised use of visual representations of violence and torture.
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Reality on circulation – School shootings, ritualised communication, and the dark side of the sacred
Essachess : Journal for Communication Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:Abstract : In this article, we will examine the ritualised dynamics of communication that emerged around the killer material on YouTube produced in four school shootings in the United States and in Finland: Columbine in 1999, Virginia Tech in 2007, Jokela in 2007, and Kauhajoki in 2008. The scope of the article is media anthropological. The dynamics of the dark digital encounters celebrating violence and misanthropy are discussed through the ideas of French social theorist Georges Bataille (1897–1962) on the constitution of the social through ritualised use of visual representations of violence and torture. Keywords : school shootings, YouTube, Bataille, ritual communication, sacred Resume: Dans cet article nous examinerons les dynamiques ritualisees de communication apparues autour du tueur sur You Tube et produites dans les quatre fusillades a l’ecole aux Etats-Unis et en Finlande : Columbine en 1999, Virginia Tech en 2007, Jokela en 2007 et Kauhajoki en 2008. Cet article releve de l’anthropologie des medias. Les dynamiques des sombres rencontres digitales celebrant la violence et la misanthropie sont discutees contre les idees du theoricien social francais Georges Bataille (1897-1962) sur la constitution du social a travers l’usage ritualise de la representation visuelle de la violence et de la torture. Mots-cles: fusillades a l’ecole, You Tube, Bataille, communication rituelle, sacre
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Imagining globalised fears: school shooting videos and circulation of violence on YouTube
Social Anthropology, 2011Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:In recent years there has been a revival of interest in the concept of circulation in the field of anthropology. This article aims at elaborating the idea of circulation, namely, in the context of media anthropology. We illuminate the workings of circulation by illustrating how violent media images travel on YouTube and how video clips contribute to the formation and reformation of globalised social imaginaries of violence. Special attention is given to the circulations of school shooting videos on YouTube. Through fieldwork on YouTube videos associated with the Columbine, Virginia Tech, Jokela and Kauhajoki massacres, the article draws on George Bataille's ideas on symbolic violence to claim that the school shootings as visual media spectacles of violence, death and terror can be seen as paradigmatic examples of deadly events that have a potential to stimulate social imaginaries of horror and anxiety through the cultural logic of circulation in the era of globalisation.
-
“Web First” to Death: The Media Logic of the School Shootings in the Era of Uncertainty
Nordicom Review, 2010Co-Authors: Johanna Sumiala, Minttu TikkaAbstract:The article discusses the most recent Finnish school shootings in Jokela (2007) and in Kauhajoki (2008) as communicative events, proclaimed to be media disasters. These events are described as media disasters following the media logic of the network society. The media performance of the school shootings is analysed from the three different, yet interconnected perspectives: transmission, ritual and dissemination models of communication. The special focus is on the analysis of web based communication; its patterns, functions and logic. The authors argue that the most prevalent media logic of school shooting communication is the circulation of violent messages. Finally the authors suggest that the Jokela and the Kauhajoki school shootings should be considered as articulations of the culture of fear.
