The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shauhrat S. Chopra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Graph theoretic approaches to understand resilience of complex systems
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 2015Co-Authors: Shauhrat S. ChopraAbstract:Modern society is critically dependent on a network of complex systems for almost every social and economic function. While increasing complexity in large-scale engineered systems offer many advantages including high efficiency, performance and robustness, it inadvertently makes them vulnerable to unanticipated perturbations. A disruption affecting even one component may result in large cascading impacts on the entire system due to high interconnectedness. Large direct and indirect impacts across national and international boundaries of natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina, infrastructure failures like the Northeast blackout, epidemics like the H1N1 influenza, terrorist attacks like the 9/11, and social unrests like the Arab Spring are indicative of the vulnerability associated with growing complexity. There is an urgent need for a quantitative framework to understand resilience of complex systems with different system architectures. In this work, a novel framework is developed that integrates graph theory with statistical and modeling techniques for understanding interconnectedness, interdependencies, and resilience of distinct large-scale systems while remaining cognizant of domain specific details. The framework is applied to three diverse complex systems, 1) Critical Infrastructure Sectors (CIS) of the U.S economy, 2) the Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis (KIS), Denmark and 3) the London metro-rail infrastructure. These three systems are strategically chosen as they represent complex systems of distinct sizes and span different spatial scales. The framework is utilized for understanding the influence of both network structure level properties and local node and edge level properties on resilience of diverse complex systems. At the national scale, application of this framework on the U.S. economic network reveals that excessive interconnectedness and interdependencies among CIS significantly amplify impacts of targeted disruptions, and negatively influence its resilience. At the regional scale, analysis of KIS reveals that increasing diversity, redundancy, and multifunctionality is imperative for developing resilient and sustainable IS systems. At the urban scale, application of this framework on the London Metro system identifies stations and rail connections that are sources of functional and structural vulnerability, and must be secured for improving resilience. This framework provides a holistic perspective to understand and propose data-driven recommendations to strengthen resilience of large-scale complex engineered systems.
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understanding resilience in industrial symbiosis networks insights from network analysis
Journal of Environmental Management, 2014Co-Authors: Shauhrat S. Chopra, Vikas KhannaAbstract:Industrial symbiotic networks are based on the principles of ecological systems where waste equals food, to develop synergistic networks. For example, industrial symbiosis (IS) at Kalundborg, Denmark, creates an exchange network of waste, water, and energy among companies based on contractual dependency. Since most of the industrial symbiotic networks are based on ad-hoc opportunities rather than strategic planning, gaining insight into disruptive scenarios is pivotal for understanding the balance of resilience and sustainability and developing heuristics for designing resilient IS networks. The present work focuses on understanding resilience as an emergent property of an IS network via a network-based approach with application to the Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis (KIS). Results from network metrics and simulated disruptive scenarios reveal Asnaes power plant as the most critical node in the system. We also observe a decrease in the vulnerability of nodes and reduction in single points of failure in the system, suggesting an increase in the overall resilience of the KIS system from 1960 to 2010. Based on our findings, we recommend design strategies, such as increasing diversity, redundancy, and multi-functionality to ensure flexibility and plasticity, to develop resilient and sustainable industrial symbiotic networks.
Vikas Khanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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understanding resilience in industrial symbiosis networks insights from network analysis
Journal of Environmental Management, 2014Co-Authors: Shauhrat S. Chopra, Vikas KhannaAbstract:Industrial symbiotic networks are based on the principles of ecological systems where waste equals food, to develop synergistic networks. For example, industrial symbiosis (IS) at Kalundborg, Denmark, creates an exchange network of waste, water, and energy among companies based on contractual dependency. Since most of the industrial symbiotic networks are based on ad-hoc opportunities rather than strategic planning, gaining insight into disruptive scenarios is pivotal for understanding the balance of resilience and sustainability and developing heuristics for designing resilient IS networks. The present work focuses on understanding resilience as an emergent property of an IS network via a network-based approach with application to the Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis (KIS). Results from network metrics and simulated disruptive scenarios reveal Asnaes power plant as the most critical node in the system. We also observe a decrease in the vulnerability of nodes and reduction in single points of failure in the system, suggesting an increase in the overall resilience of the KIS system from 1960 to 2010. Based on our findings, we recommend design strategies, such as increasing diversity, redundancy, and multi-functionality to ensure flexibility and plasticity, to develop resilient and sustainable industrial symbiotic networks.
Sofie Gillesberg Lassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Number and distribution of cases by households in the affected water supply area.
2014Co-Authors: Lieke B. Van Alphen, Frédérique Dorléans, Anna Charlotte Schultz, Jannik Fonager, Steen Ethelberg, Camilla Dalgaard, Marianne Adelhardt, Jørgen H. Engberg, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Sofie Gillesberg LassenAbstract:Number and distribution of cases by households in the affected water supply area, 12–14 December 2012, Kalundborg, Denmark.
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Attack rates (AR),relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of diarrhoea and/or vomiting compared to the reference (Ref) on 12–14 December by tap-water consumption and mean daily tap-water consumption on 12–13 December, Kalundborg, Denmark.
2014Co-Authors: Lieke B. Van Alphen, Frédérique Dorléans, Anna Charlotte Schultz, Jannik Fonager, Steen Ethelberg, Camilla Dalgaard, Marianne Adelhardt, Jørgen H. Engberg, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Sofie Gillesberg LassenAbstract:Attack rates (AR),relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of diarrhoea and/or vomiting compared to the reference (Ref) on 12–14 December by tap-water consumption and mean daily tap-water consumption on 12–13 December, Kalundborg, Denmark.
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Date of onset and case status of individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms.
2014Co-Authors: Lieke B. Van Alphen, Frédérique Dorléans, Anna Charlotte Schultz, Jannik Fonager, Steen Ethelberg, Camilla Dalgaard, Marianne Adelhardt, Jørgen H. Engberg, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Sofie Gillesberg LassenAbstract:Number of individuals in the cohort with gastrointestinal symptoms by date of symptom onset and case status (N = 187), 12–21 December 2012, Kalundborg, Denmark. Individuals not fulfilling the inclusion criteria were excluded from the cohort. Individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms, but not fulfilling the case definition are indicated as residents with gastrointestinal symptoms. Arrows indicate important events in the outbreak investigation.
Avinash Geda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supply chain implications of industrial symbiosis a review and avenues for future research
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2020Co-Authors: Nazli Turken, Avinash GedaAbstract:Abstract Industrial symbiosis (IS) has attracted the attention of practitioners and researchers since 1972, with its inception in an industrial park in Kalundborg, Denmark. IS involves traditionally separate entities working collaboratively by exchanging wastes and sharing resources to gain competitive advantage. This collaboration among separate entities has a significant impact on the structure of supply chains and the relationships among the participating entities. In the literature, studies address IS from ecology, energy, environmental science, and materials management perspectives. However, there are not many papers that explore IS from the supply chain management perspective. In this paper, we first introduce the definition of symbiotic supply chains and provide a review and taxonomy of scholarly works in this area. We find that the majority of the researchers focus on self-organized and facilitated IS at the strategic/tactical symbiotic supply chain levels. Specifically, institutional capacity, i.e., qualitative factors that impact the capability of a group of firms to reach solutions, is explored extensively. Finally, we propose a research agenda that serves as a single source for researchers interested in exploring symbiotic supply chains.
Noel Brings Jacobsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Quantitative Assessment of Economic and Environmental Aspects
2014Co-Authors: Kalundborg Denmark, Noel Brings JacobsenAbstract:As a subdiscipline of industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis is concerned with resource optimization among colocated companies. The industrial symbiosis complex in Kalundborg, Denmark is the seminal example of industrial symbiosis in the industrial ecology literature. In spite of this, there has been no in-depth quantitative analysis enabling more comprehensive understanding of economic and environmental performances connected to this case. In this article some of the central industrial symbiotic exchanges, involving water and steam, in Kalundborg are analyzed, using detailed economic and envi-ronmental data. It is found that both substantial and minor environmental benefits accrue from these industrial symbiosis exchanges and that economic motivation often is connected to upstream or downstream operational performance and not directly associated with the value of the exchanged by-product or waste itself. It is concluded that industrial symbiosis, as viewed from a company perspective, has to be understood both in terms of individual economic and environmental per-formance, and as a more collective approach to industrial sustainability. Keywords by-product synergy cascading cogeneration industrial ecosystem recycling water reuse e-supplement available on the JIE Web site Address correspondence to
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industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg denmark a quantitative assessment of economic and environmental aspects
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Noel Brings JacobsenAbstract:As a subdiscipline of industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis is concerned with resource optimization among colocated companies. The industrial symbiosis complex in Kalundborg, Denmark is the seminal example of industrial symbiosis in the industrial ecology literature. In spite of this, there has been no in-depth quantitative analysis enabling more comprehensive understanding of economic and environmental performances connected to this case. In this article some of the central industrial symbiotic exchanges, involving water and steam, in Kalundborg are analyzed, using detailed economic and environmental data. It is found that both substantial and minor environmental benefits accrue from these industrial symbiosis exchanges and that economic motivation often is connected to upstream or downstream operational performance and not directly associated with the value of the exchanged byproduct or waste itself. It is concluded that industrial symbiosis, as viewed from a company perspective, has to be understood both in terms of individual economic and environmental performance, and as a more collective approach to industrial sustainability.
