The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D M Storey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of low doses of Lactitol on faecal microflora ph short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
European Journal of Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Michelle Finney, Joanne Smullen, Howard A. Foster, Saskia Brokx, D M StoreyAbstract:Background Lactitol (4-β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucitol) is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener. Previous studies have shown that it has a beneficial effect on intestinal microflora.
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comparative gastrointestinal tolerance of sucrose Lactitol or d tagatose in chocolate
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1999Co-Authors: D M StoreyAbstract:Abstract d -Tagatose is a potential new sugar substitute. Ingested d -tagatose is incompletely absorbed from the small intestine; unabsorbed d -tagatose reaches the colon where it is completely fermented. In a double-blind, controlled crossover study, the gastrointestinal effects were compared following acute consumption of 40 g plain chocolates containing 20 g of sucrose, Lactitol, or d -tagatose by 50 healthy adults ages 18 to 24 years. Consumption of d -tagatose was not associated with a significant increase in the frequency of passing feces, or in the number of subjects passing watery feces. However, Lactitol consumption was associated with an increase in both of these occurrences. Consumption of chocolate containing d -tagatose and Lactitol resulted in significant increases in colic, flatulence, borborygmi, and bloating compared to consumption of the sucrose-containing chocolate, but the majority of symptoms were described as only “slightly more than usual.” d -Tagatose-containing chocolate did not provoke significantly more of these symptoms than Lactitol-containing chocolate. A significant number of subjects reported nausea following consumption of d -tagatose chocolate compared to the sucrose chocolate control, and multiple symptoms occurred in some subjects. Overall, these results demonstrate that a 20-g dose of d -tagatose is tolerated well in comparison to Lactitol.
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Dose-related gastrointestinal response to the ingestion of either isomalt, Lactitol or maltitol in milk chocolate.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: G A Koutsou, D M Storey, Albert Zumbe, B Flourie, Y Lebot, P H OlivierAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there were differences between different polyols (sugar alcohols) in terms of their ability to stimulate intolerance symptoms when consumed in milk chocolate. Also to discover whether symptomatology can be related to the dose of polyol ingested. DESIGN: The study was of a randomised double-blind cross-over design. SUBJECTS: 59 healthy volunteers aged 18-24 years were recruited from the student population of the University of Salford. All subjects successfully completed the trial. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects ingested 100 g milk chocolate containing 40 g bulk sweetner as either sucrose, isomalt, Lactitol or maltitol or a mixture (10:30 w/w) of sucrose and isomalt, sucrose and Lactitol or sucrose and maltitol. Each bar was taken as breakfast on one day with following products consumed at 1-week intervals. Subjects reported the incidence and severity of the symptoms of flatulence, borborygms, colic, motion frequency and loose stools. RESULTS: The ingestion of 30 g or 40 g Lactitol resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and severity of all symptoms examined compared to reactions after the consumption of standard sucrose-containing chocolate (P
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dose related gastrointestinal response to the ingestion of either isomalt Lactitol or maltitol in milk chocolate
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: G A Koutsou, D M Storey, Albert Zumbe, B Flourie, Y Lebot, P H OlivierAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there were differences between different polyols (sugar alcohols) in terms of their ability to stimulate intolerance symptoms when consumed in milk chocolate. Also to discover whether symptomatology can be related to the dose of polyol ingested. DESIGN: The study was of a randomised double-blind cross-over design. SUBJECTS: 59 healthy volunteers aged 18-24 years were recruited from the student population of the University of Salford. All subjects successfully completed the trial. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects ingested 100 g milk chocolate containing 40 g bulk sweetner as either sucrose, isomalt, Lactitol or maltitol or a mixture (10:30 w/w) of sucrose and isomalt, sucrose and Lactitol or sucrose and maltitol. Each bar was taken as breakfast on one day with following products consumed at 1-week intervals. Subjects reported the incidence and severity of the symptoms of flatulence, borborygms, colic, motion frequency and loose stools. RESULTS: The ingestion of 30 g or 40 g Lactitol resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and severity of all symptoms examined compared to reactions after the consumption of standard sucrose-containing chocolate (P <0.01). Similarly, 40 g isomalt led to an increased incidence of all symptoms, including mild laxation (P <0.01), but unlike Lactitol none was rated as being severe. A reduction in isomalt to 30 g was marked by increased tolerance with evidence of only mild borborygms (P <0.01), mild flatulence, colic, and laxation (P <0.05), with no increase in motion frequency (P <0.35). Ingestion of 40 g maltitol caused less intolerance than 40 g isomalt, with evidence of only flatulence, borborygms and colic (P <0.01), symptoms being rated as only mild. A reduction to 30 g led to a decrease in all symptoms except mild flatulence. Maltitol did not have any laxative effect when ingested at either 30 g (P = 0.32) or 40 g (P = 0.13) per day. CONCLUSIONS: This work has shown that there are significant differences in the reporting of gastrointestinal symptomatology following the consumption of isomalt, Lactitol and maltitol incorporated into milk chocolate. However, with all three polyols the incidence and severity of symptomatology was dose dependent.
Oliviero Riggio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Lactitol on blood ammonia response to oral glutamine challenge in cirrhotic patients evidence for an effect of nonabsorbable disaccharides on small intestine ammonia generation
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Masini, Manuela Merli, C Efrati, A F Attili, Piero Amodio, Mauro Ceccanti, Oliviero RiggioAbstract:Effect of Lactitol on blood ammonia response to oral glutamine challenge in cirrhotic patients: evidence for an effect of nonabsorbable disaccharides on small intestine ammonia generation
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the effect of lactulose and Lactitol administration on fecal fat excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 1992Co-Authors: Manuela Merli, Giorgio Pinto, Massimo Caschera, Claudia Piat, Maddalena Diofebi, Oliviero RiggioAbstract:: Mild to moderate fat malabsorption is frequently present in patients with liver cirrhosis. We investigated the influence of lactulose or Lactitol treatment on fecal fat excretion in 18 patients with liver cirrhosis. All patients were Child Pugh class A or B and had not taken any therapy that could have affected intestinal absorption in the previous months. The dose of lactulose or Lactitol was individually adjusted to maintain two semiliquid bowel movements per day. Steatorrhea was determined before and after a minimum of 7 days, when the cathartic effect was stabilized. Treatment with nonabsorbable disaccharides induced mild to moderate steatorrhea in 50% of patients. No differences were observed between the effects of lactulose and Lactitol, but fecal fat excretion exceeded 10 g/day in two patients taking lactulose. These findings indicate that treatment with nonabsorbable disaccharides may increase fecal fat excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis. This factor should be taken into consideration when a cirrhotic patient has to take these drugs for a long time.
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Lactitol in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy--a randomized cross-over comparison with lactulose.
Hepato-gastroenterology, 1990Co-Authors: Oliviero Riggio, Genoveffa Balducci, F. Ariosto, S. Tremiterra, Vincenzo Ziparo, Manuela Merli, Livio CapocacciaAbstract:: The effect of Lactitol, a new non-absorbable disaccharide, in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy was assessed in 14 cirrhotic patients with non-selective portosystemic anastomosis in a randomized, cross-over study. At the time of inclusion, all patients showed alterations in mental state, and/or psychometric performance, and in the electroencephalogram. Moreover, 10 out of 14 patients suffered from recurrent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy in the 12 months prior to the study. Patients were randomly treated for two consecutive periods of six months with either Lactitol or lactulose. The PSE index was calculated to quantify the neuro-psychiatric impairment. Twelve patients completed the study. The patients required a daily dose of 38.2 g +/- 19 of lactulose or 36.3 g +/- 5 of Lactitol to produce two semi-soft stools per day. No deterioration in the mental state or in the other neuro-psychiatric parameters were observed, neither during Lactitol nor during lactulose therapy. During the study, mild episodes of recurrent encephalopathy occurred in 60% of the patients taking lactulose, and in 25% of the patients taking Lactitol, the difference not being significant (X = 1.54, p = 0.21). Flatulence, the major side-effect noted during the study, was present in 7 of the 12 patients during lactulose treatment, and in 2 patients during Lactitol treatment; one patient on Lactitol complained of nausea. The side effects which occurred during Lactitol of the dosage, while those occurring during Lactitol appeared when the dosage was higher than 40 g. Lactitol may be considered at least as effective as lactulose in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy.
Michelle Finney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of low doses of Lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
European Journal of Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Michelle Finney, Joanne Smullen, Howard A. Foster, Saskia Brokx, David M. StoreyAbstract:Background Lactitol (4-β- d -galactopyranosyl- d -glucitol) is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener. Previous studies have shown that it has a beneficial effect on intestinal microflora. Aims of the study To determine whether low doses of Lactitol had beneficial effects without eliciting adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods Faecal bacterial populations (total anaerobes, total aerobes, enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli), faecal pH and faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were studied in a randomized longitudinal study of 75 non-adapted healthy adults before and after consumption of low doses of Lactitol. Subjects consumed 25 g tablets of milk chocolate containing 10 g sweetener as sucrose:Lactitol in ratios of 10:0, 5:5 or 0:10 daily for 7 d. Results No significant changes in faecal bacterial counts occurred in the 10:0 or 5:5 sucrose:Lactitol groups. There were no significant changes in faecal anaerobes, aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae or lactobacilli during the study period in subjects consuming 0:10 sucrose:Lactitol but there was a significant increase ( P = 0.017) in bifidobacteria. There were no significant changes in faecal pH and SCFA for the 10:0 or 5:5 sucrose:Lactitol groups but a significant decrease ( P = 0.02) in faecal pH and significant increases ( P = 0.001) in concentrations of propionic and butyric acids were observed in the 0:10 sucrose:Lactitol group. There were few adverse symptoms of gastrointestinal intolerance to the daily consumption of 10 g Lactitol. Conclusions The results show that low doses of Lactitol can beneficially affect the faecal flora without eliciting gross symptoms of intolerance and that Lactitol can be classified as a prebiotic.
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effects of low doses of Lactitol on faecal microflora ph short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology
European Journal of Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Michelle Finney, Joanne Smullen, Howard A. Foster, Saskia Brokx, D M StoreyAbstract:Background Lactitol (4-β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucitol) is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener. Previous studies have shown that it has a beneficial effect on intestinal microflora.
Arthur C Ouwehand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy and tolerance of Lactitol supplementation for adult constipation a systematic review and meta analysis
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 2014Co-Authors: Larry E Miller, Julia Tennila, Arthur C OuwehandAbstract:BACKGROUND: Constipation is a common complaint in adults. Lactitol is an osmotic disaccharide laxative that increases fecal volume and stimulates peristalsis. In this paper, we present the first meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerance of Lactitol for adult constipation. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE(®) and Embase, with no date or language restrictions, for studies of Lactitol supplementation on adult constipation. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on pre- to posttreatment changes in stool frequency and consistency with Lactitol among all studies, as well as a comparison of efficacy and tolerance outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Lactitol versus lactulose. RESULTS: A total of eleven studies representing 663 distinct patients were included in the final analysis, including five single-arm studies, four RCTs comparing Lactitol with lactulose, one RCT comparing Lactitol with placebo, and one nonrandomized controlled trial comparing Lactitol with stimulant laxatives. Weekly stool frequency was significantly increased with Lactitol compared with baseline (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.56, P<0.001). Stool consistency also improved over the supplementation period with Lactitol (SMD: 1.04, P<0.001). Approximately one-third of patients experienced an adverse event; however, symptoms were generally mild and rarely (5%) resulted in study withdrawal. In RCTs of Lactitol versus lactulose, Lactitol was slightly more effective than lactulose in increasing weekly stool frequency (SMD: 0.19, P=0.06). No statistically significant differences between Lactitol and lactulose were identified in any other efficacy or tolerance outcome. Lactitol demonstrated favorable efficacy and tolerance in individual studies when compared to stimulant laxatives and placebo. CONCLUSION: Lactitol supplementation is well tolerated and improves symptoms of adult constipation. The efficacy and tolerance of Lactitol and lactulose are similar, with a trend for more frequent stools with Lactitol. Limited evidence suggests Lactitol is superior to stimulant laxatives and placebo for relieving constipation symptoms.
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Efficacy and tolerance of Lactitol supplementation for adult constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 2014Co-Authors: Larry E Miller, Julia Tennila, Arthur C OuwehandAbstract:BACKGROUND: Constipation is a common complaint in adults. Lactitol is an osmotic disaccharide laxative that increases fecal volume and stimulates peristalsis. In this paper, we present the first meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerance of Lactitol for adult constipation. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE(®) and Embase, with no date or language restrictions, for studies of Lactitol supplementation on adult constipation. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on pre- to posttreatment changes in stool frequency and consistency with Lactitol among all studies, as well as a comparison of efficacy and tolerance outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Lactitol versus lactulose. RESULTS: A total of eleven studies representing 663 distinct patients were included in the final analysis, including five single-arm studies, four RCTs comparing Lactitol with lactulose, one RCT comparing Lactitol with placebo, and one nonrandomized controlled trial comparing Lactitol with stimulant laxatives. Weekly stool frequency was significantly increased with Lactitol compared with baseline (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.56, P
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synbiotic effects of Lactitol and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm in a semi continuous colon fermentation model
Beneficial Microbes, 2010Co-Authors: Harri Makivuokko, Arthur C Ouwehand, Markku Saarinen, Sofia D Forssten, Nina RautonenAbstract:The effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM™, Lactitol, and the combination of Lactitol and L. acidophilus NCFM™ were studied with a semi-continuous colon fermentation simulation; consisting of compartments mimicking, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon and their conditions with faecal inoculation. L. acidophilus NCFM™ was detected throughout the colon simulator. Lactitol was utilised early on by the microbes in the proximal part of the simulator. Lactitol increased the total numbers of microbes and bifidobacteria, and decreased clostridia cluster IV, while L. acidophilus NCFM™ alone decreased the numbers of clostridia cluster XIV. Combination treatment increased the numbers of bifidobacteria. Furthermore, concentrations of acetic acid, butyric acid and the sum of total short-chain fatty acids were increased by both Lactitol-including treatments. The treatment with L. acidophilus NCFM™ alone increased the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid. L. acidophilus NCFM™ tended to in...
Sadako Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suppressive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of maltitol and Lactitol in healthy humans
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Sadako Nakamura, Ryoko Hongo, Kazuhiko MojiAbstract:Suppressive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of maltitol and Lactitol in healthy humans
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threshold for transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of xylitol and Lactitol in young male and female adults
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2007Co-Authors: Sadako NakamuraAbstract:The ingestion of a sufficiently large amount of non-digestible and/or non-absorbable sugar substitutes causes overt diarrhea. The objective is to estimate the non-effective dosage that does not cause transitory diarrhea for xylitol, Lactitol, and erythritol in healthy subjects. Twenty-seven males and 28 females gave informed and written consent to participate, were selected, and participated in the study. The oral dose levels of xylitol were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g, while those of Lactitol were 10, 20, 30, and 40 g. Those of erythritol were 20, 30, 40 and 50 g. The test substance was ingested in 150 mL of water 2-3 h after a meal. The ingestion order progressed from the smallest to larger amounts, and stopped at the dose that caused diarrhea, or at the largest dose level to be set up. The non-effective dose level of xylitol was 0.37 g/kg B.W. for males and 0.42 g/kg B.W. for females. That of Lactitol was 0.25 g/kg B.W. for males and 0.34 g/kg B.W. for females, and that of erythritol was 0.46 g/kg B.W. for males and 0.68 g/kg B.W. for females. These results appear reasonable, because xylitol is poorly absorbed from the small intestine, and the absorption rate is less than that of erythritol, while Lactitol is not hydrolyzed. Non-digestible and/or non-absorbable sugar alcohols and oligosaccharides with beneficial health effects inevitably cause overt diarrhea. The estimation of the non-effective dose level of these sugar substitutes is essential and important to produce processed foods that the consumer can use safely and with confidence.
