The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Philip D Darney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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misoprostol compared with Laminaria before early second trimester surgical abortion a randomized trial
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2005Co-Authors: Alisa B Goldberg, Eleanor A Drey, Amy K Whitaker, Misuk Kang, Karen R Meckstroth, Philip D DarneyAbstract:Objective: To compare the efficacy and acceptability of same-day misoprostol and overnight Laminaria for cervical ripening before early second-trimester surgical abortion. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial comparing 400 μg of vaginal misoprostol, given 3-4 hours preoperatively, with overnight Laminaria before early second-trimester surgical abortion among women at 13.0-16.0 weeks of gestation (n = 84). The primary outcome was procedure time, and the sample size was based on 95% power to detect a difference of 4.5 minutes between groups. Secondary outcomes included completion of the procedure on the first attempt, procedural difficulty, and patients' pain scores and preferences. Results: The average gestational duration was 14 weeks 6 days. Procedures performed after Laminaria were significantly faster than those after misoprostol (median 3.4 versus 7.2 minutes, respectively, P =.01). Laminaria patients had significantly greater dilation than misoprostol patients at abortion (mean 43 versus 33 French, P <.001), and more misoprostol patients required additional dilation (85% versus 21%, P <.001). Physicians rated 27% of the misoprostol procedures as moderate-markedly difficult versus 5% of Laminaria procedures (P =.01). Differences in efficacy were pronounced among nulliparous patients. There were no significant differences in ability to complete the procedure on the first attempt or patients' intraoperative pain scores. More women in the misoprostol group would choose their assigned method again (93% versus 62%, P < .01), and 82% of all subjects preferred a 1-day procedure. Conclusion: Early second-trimester abortions take longer and are technically more challenging after cervical ripening with same-day misoprostol than with overnight Laminaria, but patients prefer same-day misoprostol.
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a randomized controlled trial of Laminaria oral misoprostol and vaginal misoprostol before abortion
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1999Co-Authors: Laura Macisaac, Daniel Grossman, Elizabeth Balistreri, Philip D DarneyAbstract:Abstract Objective: To compare the efficacy and acceptability of oral misoprostol, vaginal misoprostol, and Laminaria tents for cervical dilation before surgical abortion. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing oral misoprostol 400 μg, vaginal misoprostol 400 μg, and one medium Laminaria for dilating the cervix over 4 hours before surgical abortion. The study sample consisted of 106 women at 7–14 weeks’ gestation who presented to San Francisco General Hospital requesting abortion. The primary outcome was the amount of cervical dilation measured by Pratt dilators. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of subjects needing further manual dilation, difficulty of dilation, duration of the procedure, blood loss, and side effects. Results: The vaginal-misoprostol group had a significantly greater mean dilation (28.0 mm) than the oral misoprostol group (24.2 mm; P Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol is superior to oral misoprostol and is an acceptable alternative to Laminaria tents for cervical dilation before surgical abortion in pregnancies of 7–14 weeks’ gestation. It is inexpensive and easy to administer, and achieves equal or greater dilation with less pain on insertion and no increase in side effects compared with Laminaria.
T Sweeney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of laminarin derived from Laminaria digitata on measurements of gut health selected bacterial populations intestinal fermentation mucin gene expression and cytokine gene expression in the pig
British Journal of Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: A G Smith, J V Odoherty, P Reilly, M T Ryan, B Bahar, T SweeneyAbstract:The aim of the present study was to establish the optimum inclusion level of laminarin derived from Laminaria digitata on selected microbial populations, intestinal fermentation, cytokine and mucin gene expression in the porcine ileum and colon. A total of twentyone pigs (mean body weight 17·9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: T1 – basal (control) diet, T2 and T3 – basal diets supplemented with laminarin included at 300 and 600 parts per million (ppm), respectively. Selected intestinal bacterial populations and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured in the ileum and colon. Relative gene expression levels for specific cytokine and mucin genes were investigated in ileal and colonic tissue in the absence and presence of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. There was an up-regulation of MUC2 gene expression at the 300 ppm inclusion level in the ileum. In the colon, there was a significant reduction in the enterobacteriaceae population at the 300 ppm inclusion level (P¼0·0421). Dietary supplementation of 600 ppm laminarin led to a significant increase in MUC2 (P¼0·0365) and MUC4 (P¼0·0401) expression in the colon, and in the total VFA concentration in the caecum (P¼0·0489). A significant increase was also recorded in IL-6 (P¼0·0289) and IL-8 gene expression (P¼0·0245) in LPS-challenged colonic tissue at both laminarin inclusion levels. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 300 ppm laminarin appears to be the optimum dose in the present study due to the reduction in the enterobacteriaceae populations and enhanced IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine expression in response to an ex vivo LPS challenge.
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the effects of lactose inclusion and seaweed extract derived from Laminaria spp on performance digestibility of diet components and microbial populations in newly weaned pigs
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: J V Odoherty, J J Callan, S Dillon, S Figat, T SweeneyAbstract:Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interactions between two different lactose (L) levels (150 g/kg vs . 250 g/kg) and seaweed extract (SWE): (0 g/kg vs . 2.8 g/kg; containing laminarin and fucoidan) derived from Laminaria spp. on growth performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) and faecal microbial populations in the weanling pig. Two hundred and forty pigs (120 male and 120 female) were selected after weaning (24 days of age, 7.6 ± 0.9 kg live weight) and blocked on the basis of live weight and within each block assigned to one of the four dietary treatments. The pigs were offered the following diets on an ad libitum basis for 25 days: (T1) 150 g L/kg; (T2) 150 g L/kg + SWE; (T3) 250 g L/kg; (T4) 250 g L/kg + SWE. Pigs offered diets supplemented with SWE had a higher average daily gain (ADG): (322 g vs . 281 g, s.e. ± 9.0; P vs . 611 g/kg, s.e. ± 19.0; P vs . 283 g, s.e. ± 9.0; P vs . 447 g, s.e. ± 11.0; P Escherichia coli in the faeces compared with non-SWE diets. Pigs fed the high L diets had increased CTTAD of GE (P E. coli in the faeces compared with pigs offered low L diets. Summarising, the inclusion of either a high dietary concentration of L or a laminarin–fucoidan extract increased the CTTAD of diet components, decreased the counts of E. coli in the faeces and improved performance of pigs after weaning in the current study.
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the effect of dietary Laminaria derived laminarin and fucoidan on nutrient digestibility nitrogen utilisation intestinal microflora and volatile fatty acid concentration in pigs
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2009Co-Authors: M B Lynch, T Sweeney, J J Callan, John T Osullivan, J V OdohertyAbstract:BACKGROUND: In experiment 1, 30 boars were assigned to one of five treatments (n = 6): T1, 0 g kg−1 seaweed extract (SWE); T2, 0.7 g kg−1 SWE; T3, 1.4 g kg−1 SWE; T4, 2.8 g kg−1 SWE and T5, 5.6 g kg−1 SWE. The extract contained laminarin and fucoidan only and was extracted from Laminaria spp. In experiment 2, 28 boars were assigned, in a 2 × 2 factorial to one of four treatments (n = 7): T1, control; T2, control plus 300 mg laminarin; T3, control plus 240 mg fucoidan; T4, control plus 300 mg laminarin and 240 mg fucoidan kg−1 diet. RESULTS: In experiment 1 there was a response to SWE on colonic Bifidobacterium spp. (P < 0.01 quadratic), Enterobacterium spp. (quadratic P < 0.05) and on caecal Enterobacterium spp. (quadratic P < 0.05). In experiment 2 there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between laminarin and fucoidan supplementation on Enterobacterium spp. in the proximal and distal colon. Pigs offered laminarin had reduced Enterobacterium spp. compared with pigs offered the control diet. However, the combination of laminarin and fucoidan had increased Enterobacterium spp. compared with alone. Pigs offered diets containing fucoidan had increased Lactobacilli spp. in the proximal colon (P < 0.05) and distal colon (P < 0.001) compared with non-fucoidan diets. CONCLUSION: Overall, the reductions in intestinal Enterobacterium spp. and increases in Lactobacilli spp. obtained suggest that laminarin and fucoidan may provide a dietary means to improve gut health in pigs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
David H. Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the kelp species Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015Co-Authors: Peter Schiener, Kenneth D. Black, Michele S. Stanley, David H. GreenAbstract:The seasonal chemical profiling of kelp species has historically either being carried out on only a single species or the data dates back over 60 years. This research highlights a detailed chemical composition profile of the four kelp species Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta over a 14-month period. These kelp species were selected due to their identified potential for cultivation. They were chemically characterised to identify seasonal variations and predict best harvest times. Components of interest included the carbohydrates cellulose, laminarin, alginate and mannitol as well as proteins, ash, metals, moisture, polyphenolics, total carbon and nitrogen content. The highest yields of lamianrin and mannitol coincided with the lowest yields in ash, protein, moisture and polyphenols. The implications of these observations for use of kelp species as a fermentation substrate are discussed.
J Gallagher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seasonal variation in Laminaria digitata and its impact on biochemical conversion routes to biofuels
Bioresource Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jessica Adams, T A Toop, Iain S Donnison, J GallagherAbstract:Abstract Laminaria digitata is a highly prevalent kelp growing off the coast of the UK but has rarely been considered as a source of biomass to date. This study shows it can be used as a feedstock in both ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion for methane production. The study optimised several parameters in the fermentation of L. digitata and investigated the suitability of the macroalgae through the year using samples harvested every month. For both methane and ethanol production, minimum yields were seen in material harvested in March when the carbohydrates laminarin and mannitol were lowest. July material contained the highest combined laminarin and mannitol content and maximum yields of 167 mL ethanol and 0.219 m 3 kg −1 L. digitata .
A M Mohammad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cervical priming prior to operative hysteroscopy a randomized comparison of Laminaria versus misoprostol
Human Reproduction, 2004Co-Authors: Atef M Darwish, A M Ahmad, A M MohammadAbstract:BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol versus endocervical Laminaria tents prior to operative hysteroscopy in selected cases. METHODS: A total of 144 patients with diagnosed intrauterine lesions scheduled for operative hysteroscopy were randomly allocated to two groups according to method of cervical priming prior to the procedure. Misoprostol 200 μg was inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina for patients in group A (n = 72), while Laminaria tents were inserted intracervically in group B patients (n = 72). RESULTS: Both methods were effective for cervical dilatation with a mean cervical diameter of 7.5 ± 1.2 and 7.6 ± 1.2 mm respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean cervical diameter or the time required for cervical dilatation (51.6 versus 51.4 s respectively). In contrast, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to the insertion difficulty and in doctors' and patients' assessments of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Both misoprostol and Laminaria were equally effective in inducing proper cervical priming prior to operative hysteroscopy with minimal time of cervical dilatation. Nevertheless, misoprostol may be superior due to easy application, reduced cost, and patient convenience and acceptability.
