The Experts below are selected from a list of 687 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Donald A. Falk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Macroanatomy and compartmentalization of recent fire scars in three North American conifers
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2016Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Donald A. Falk, Elaine Kennedy SutherlandAbstract:Fire scars are initiated by cambial necrosis caused by localized lethal heating of the tree stem. Scars develop as part of the linked survival processes of compartmentalization and wound closure. The position of scars within dated tree ring series is the basis for dendrochronological reconstruction of fire history. Macroanatomical features were described for western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) injured by fire in 2003 and harvested in 2011 at the Lolo National Forest near Missoula, Montana, USA. Bark scorch did not necessarily indicate the formation of a scar. Wound-initiated discoloration inward from the scar face was bounded tangentially by reaction zones. In western larch, the transition between earlywood and latewood was much less abrupt in woundwood rings than in rings formed the same year but not associated with a scar. Wood formed the year after injury contained tangential ...
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Resin duct size and density as ecophysiological traits in fire scars of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Larix occidentalis
Annals of botany, 2014Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Resin ducts (RDs) are features present in most conifer species as defence structures against pests and pathogens; however, little is known about RD expression in trees following fire injury. This study investigates changes in RD size and density in fire scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) as a means to evaluate the ecophysiological significance of traumatic resinosis for tree defence and survival.
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Resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred North American conifers
2013Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Traumatic resin ducts form in xylem and phloem tissue of conifers in response to abiotic wounding, fungal invasion, and insect attack. Little is known about resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred trees. The aim of this study is to quantify changes in traits of both axial and radial resin ducts, along with those of associated epithelial cells and fusiform rays, in 2 individuals each of Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Transverse and tangential microsections were cut from samples for light microscopy. Using image analysis, anatomical measurements of cells are being performed three-dimensionally: at 4 heights along the tree axis, within 4 cm from the wound margin and in different rings, including 2 rings from the wound xylem. The forthcoming results will provide new insights into one of the most important defense mechanisms of trees.
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Macroanatomy of compartmentalization in fire scars of three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Fire scars are visible evidence of compartmentalization and closure processes that contribute to tree survival after fire injury. Preliminary observations of dissected fire scars from trees injured within the last decade showed centripetal development of wound-initiated discoloration (WID) through 2-3 decades of former sapwood in Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Although the WID reached and was apparently confluent with the visually similar heartwood, WID lacked the decay and insect resistance characteristics of heartwood. In contrast, development of WID in Pinus ponderosa, was limited to fewer than 5 rings of former sapwood with healthy sapwood retained between the WID and heartwood. The healthy sapwood has the potential to actively resist the spread of infection and further loss of wood function. For wound closure, all three species produced wide rings of woundwood from the margin of the killed vascular cambium in the growing season following fire injury.
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External charring and fire scarring in three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Estelle Arbellay, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. Falk, David K. Wright, Josh Farella, Ian Hyp, Markus StoffelAbstract:Fires that injure but do not kill trees cause scars used as proxies for the reconstruction of wildfire history. Understanding about these wildfires - and their relationship to vegetation dynamics and climate - has profoundly affected wildfire and land management policy globally. To better understand scarring in the context of wildfire behavior, landscape and biological processes, and tree species differences, we established a study on forests burned in 2003 near Missoula, Montana. We cut down small trees with visibly charred bark of species Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa, and cut cross-sections as high as bark charring occurred. We evaluated tree diameter and age, previous injuries, the number and size of new injuries, their relationship to bark charring and furrows and to topography, and whether the injuries closed over after 9 years recovery. We will discuss the probability of injury given external charring and the variability of scar characteristics among species.
Ross D. A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wood- and bark-feeding Coleoptera of felled western larch in British Columbia
The Entomological Society of British Columbia, 2019Co-Authors: Ross D. A.Abstract:A list of wood- and bark-feeding Coleoptera reared from western larch, Larix occidentalis Nuttall, in 1928-29 and 1965-66, and the range of emergence dates are presented, The only species reared in significant numbers were the wood borers, Tetropium velutinum LeConte, Serropalpus substriatus Haldeman, Melanophila drummondi (Kirby) and the bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins
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Protecting larch logs from Tetropium velutinum (LeConte) with lindane emulsion
The Entomological Society of British Columbia, 2019Co-Authors: Ross D. A., Geistlinger N. J.Abstract:At Trinity Valley, British Columbia, a 1% emulsion of lindane applied on 12 June 1967 protected fresh felled Larix occidentalis Nuttall from attack by Tetropium velutinum LeConte. The same concentration, applied to infested logs on 14 August reduced damage but was too late to satisfactorily prevent larval penetration of the wood
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The western larch borer, Tetropium velutinum Leconte, in Interior British Columbia
The Entomological Society of British Columbia, 2019Co-Authors: Ross D. A.Abstract:n the interior of British Columbia, Tetropium velutinum LeConte is an important borer in the sapwood of western larch, Larix occidentalis Nuttall. Other authors have indicated that this borer was important only as a bark miner and killer of trees. Galleries penetrated to depths of 25 to 47 mm and ranged in total length from 28 to 69 mm. At Vernon, oviposition was from early in May until the end of August. Limited observations showed that the first penetration of the sapwood by the larvae began about 6 weeks after oviposition
Elaine Kennedy Sutherland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long-term precommercial thinning effects on Larix occidentalis (western larch) tree and stand characteristics
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2017Co-Authors: Michael S. Schaedel, David L.r. Affleck, Andrew J. Larson, R. Travis Belote, John M. Goodburn, David K. Wright, Elaine Kennedy SutherlandAbstract:Precommercial thinning (PCT) is used to increase tree size and shorten harvest rotation time. Short-term results from PCT studies often show a trade-off between individual-tree growth and net stand yield, while longer-term effects of PCT on tree growth and stand yield are less well documented. We used a 54-year-old PCT study to test long-term effects of forest density and thinning schedules on stand yield and tree-level characteristics in even-aged western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) stands. The study has three target densities (494, 890, and 1680 trees·ha−1) crossed with three thinning schedules (target density achieved through one, two, or four entries). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear contrasts were used to test the effects of density and number of entries on tree- and stand-level attributes. Thinning before stand age 10 years leads to long-term constant yield (219.0–269.5 m3·ha−1; P > 0.05) across the tested densities. We also found constant volume growth across stand densities during the...
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Macroanatomy and compartmentalization of recent fire scars in three North American conifers
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2016Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Donald A. Falk, Elaine Kennedy SutherlandAbstract:Fire scars are initiated by cambial necrosis caused by localized lethal heating of the tree stem. Scars develop as part of the linked survival processes of compartmentalization and wound closure. The position of scars within dated tree ring series is the basis for dendrochronological reconstruction of fire history. Macroanatomical features were described for western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) injured by fire in 2003 and harvested in 2011 at the Lolo National Forest near Missoula, Montana, USA. Bark scorch did not necessarily indicate the formation of a scar. Wound-initiated discoloration inward from the scar face was bounded tangentially by reaction zones. In western larch, the transition between earlywood and latewood was much less abrupt in woundwood rings than in rings formed the same year but not associated with a scar. Wood formed the year after injury contained tangential ...
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Resin duct size and density as ecophysiological traits in fire scars of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Larix occidentalis
Annals of botany, 2014Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Resin ducts (RDs) are features present in most conifer species as defence structures against pests and pathogens; however, little is known about RD expression in trees following fire injury. This study investigates changes in RD size and density in fire scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) as a means to evaluate the ecophysiological significance of traumatic resinosis for tree defence and survival.
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Resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred North American conifers
2013Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Traumatic resin ducts form in xylem and phloem tissue of conifers in response to abiotic wounding, fungal invasion, and insect attack. Little is known about resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred trees. The aim of this study is to quantify changes in traits of both axial and radial resin ducts, along with those of associated epithelial cells and fusiform rays, in 2 individuals each of Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Transverse and tangential microsections were cut from samples for light microscopy. Using image analysis, anatomical measurements of cells are being performed three-dimensionally: at 4 heights along the tree axis, within 4 cm from the wound margin and in different rings, including 2 rings from the wound xylem. The forthcoming results will provide new insights into one of the most important defense mechanisms of trees.
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Macroanatomy of compartmentalization in fire scars of three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Fire scars are visible evidence of compartmentalization and closure processes that contribute to tree survival after fire injury. Preliminary observations of dissected fire scars from trees injured within the last decade showed centripetal development of wound-initiated discoloration (WID) through 2-3 decades of former sapwood in Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Although the WID reached and was apparently confluent with the visually similar heartwood, WID lacked the decay and insect resistance characteristics of heartwood. In contrast, development of WID in Pinus ponderosa, was limited to fewer than 5 rings of former sapwood with healthy sapwood retained between the WID and heartwood. The healthy sapwood has the potential to actively resist the spread of infection and further loss of wood function. For wound closure, all three species produced wide rings of woundwood from the margin of the killed vascular cambium in the growing season following fire injury.
Estelle Arbellay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Macroanatomy and compartmentalization of recent fire scars in three North American conifers
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2016Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Donald A. Falk, Elaine Kennedy SutherlandAbstract:Fire scars are initiated by cambial necrosis caused by localized lethal heating of the tree stem. Scars develop as part of the linked survival processes of compartmentalization and wound closure. The position of scars within dated tree ring series is the basis for dendrochronological reconstruction of fire history. Macroanatomical features were described for western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) injured by fire in 2003 and harvested in 2011 at the Lolo National Forest near Missoula, Montana, USA. Bark scorch did not necessarily indicate the formation of a scar. Wound-initiated discoloration inward from the scar face was bounded tangentially by reaction zones. In western larch, the transition between earlywood and latewood was much less abrupt in woundwood rings than in rings formed the same year but not associated with a scar. Wood formed the year after injury contained tangential ...
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Resin duct size and density as ecophysiological traits in fire scars of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Larix occidentalis
Annals of botany, 2014Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Resin ducts (RDs) are features present in most conifer species as defence structures against pests and pathogens; however, little is known about RD expression in trees following fire injury. This study investigates changes in RD size and density in fire scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) as a means to evaluate the ecophysiological significance of traumatic resinosis for tree defence and survival.
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Resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred North American conifers
2013Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Traumatic resin ducts form in xylem and phloem tissue of conifers in response to abiotic wounding, fungal invasion, and insect attack. Little is known about resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred trees. The aim of this study is to quantify changes in traits of both axial and radial resin ducts, along with those of associated epithelial cells and fusiform rays, in 2 individuals each of Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Transverse and tangential microsections were cut from samples for light microscopy. Using image analysis, anatomical measurements of cells are being performed three-dimensionally: at 4 heights along the tree axis, within 4 cm from the wound margin and in different rings, including 2 rings from the wound xylem. The forthcoming results will provide new insights into one of the most important defense mechanisms of trees.
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Macroanatomy of compartmentalization in fire scars of three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Fire scars are visible evidence of compartmentalization and closure processes that contribute to tree survival after fire injury. Preliminary observations of dissected fire scars from trees injured within the last decade showed centripetal development of wound-initiated discoloration (WID) through 2-3 decades of former sapwood in Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Although the WID reached and was apparently confluent with the visually similar heartwood, WID lacked the decay and insect resistance characteristics of heartwood. In contrast, development of WID in Pinus ponderosa, was limited to fewer than 5 rings of former sapwood with healthy sapwood retained between the WID and heartwood. The healthy sapwood has the potential to actively resist the spread of infection and further loss of wood function. For wound closure, all three species produced wide rings of woundwood from the margin of the killed vascular cambium in the growing season following fire injury.
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External charring and fire scarring in three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Estelle Arbellay, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. Falk, David K. Wright, Josh Farella, Ian Hyp, Markus StoffelAbstract:Fires that injure but do not kill trees cause scars used as proxies for the reconstruction of wildfire history. Understanding about these wildfires - and their relationship to vegetation dynamics and climate - has profoundly affected wildfire and land management policy globally. To better understand scarring in the context of wildfire behavior, landscape and biological processes, and tree species differences, we established a study on forests burned in 2003 near Missoula, Montana. We cut down small trees with visibly charred bark of species Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa, and cut cross-sections as high as bark charring occurred. We evaluated tree diameter and age, previous injuries, the number and size of new injuries, their relationship to bark charring and furrows and to topography, and whether the injuries closed over after 9 years recovery. We will discuss the probability of injury given external charring and the variability of scar characteristics among species.
Kevin T. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Macroanatomy and compartmentalization of recent fire scars in three North American conifers
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2016Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Donald A. Falk, Elaine Kennedy SutherlandAbstract:Fire scars are initiated by cambial necrosis caused by localized lethal heating of the tree stem. Scars develop as part of the linked survival processes of compartmentalization and wound closure. The position of scars within dated tree ring series is the basis for dendrochronological reconstruction of fire history. Macroanatomical features were described for western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) injured by fire in 2003 and harvested in 2011 at the Lolo National Forest near Missoula, Montana, USA. Bark scorch did not necessarily indicate the formation of a scar. Wound-initiated discoloration inward from the scar face was bounded tangentially by reaction zones. In western larch, the transition between earlywood and latewood was much less abrupt in woundwood rings than in rings formed the same year but not associated with a scar. Wood formed the year after injury contained tangential ...
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Resin duct size and density as ecophysiological traits in fire scars of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Larix occidentalis
Annals of botany, 2014Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Resin ducts (RDs) are features present in most conifer species as defence structures against pests and pathogens; however, little is known about RD expression in trees following fire injury. This study investigates changes in RD size and density in fire scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) as a means to evaluate the ecophysiological significance of traumatic resinosis for tree defence and survival.
-
Resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred North American conifers
2013Co-Authors: Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Traumatic resin ducts form in xylem and phloem tissue of conifers in response to abiotic wounding, fungal invasion, and insect attack. Little is known about resin duct characteristics in the wood of fire-scarred trees. The aim of this study is to quantify changes in traits of both axial and radial resin ducts, along with those of associated epithelial cells and fusiform rays, in 2 individuals each of Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Transverse and tangential microsections were cut from samples for light microscopy. Using image analysis, anatomical measurements of cells are being performed three-dimensionally: at 4 heights along the tree axis, within 4 cm from the wound margin and in different rings, including 2 rings from the wound xylem. The forthcoming results will provide new insights into one of the most important defense mechanisms of trees.
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Macroanatomy of compartmentalization in fire scars of three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Kevin T. Smith, Estelle Arbellay, Markus Stoffel, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Donald A. FalkAbstract:Fire scars are visible evidence of compartmentalization and closure processes that contribute to tree survival after fire injury. Preliminary observations of dissected fire scars from trees injured within the last decade showed centripetal development of wound-initiated discoloration (WID) through 2-3 decades of former sapwood in Larix occidentalis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Although the WID reached and was apparently confluent with the visually similar heartwood, WID lacked the decay and insect resistance characteristics of heartwood. In contrast, development of WID in Pinus ponderosa, was limited to fewer than 5 rings of former sapwood with healthy sapwood retained between the WID and heartwood. The healthy sapwood has the potential to actively resist the spread of infection and further loss of wood function. For wound closure, all three species produced wide rings of woundwood from the margin of the killed vascular cambium in the growing season following fire injury.
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External charring and fire scarring in three western conifers
2013Co-Authors: Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Estelle Arbellay, Kevin T. Smith, Donald A. Falk, David K. Wright, Josh Farella, Ian Hyp, Markus StoffelAbstract:Fires that injure but do not kill trees cause scars used as proxies for the reconstruction of wildfire history. Understanding about these wildfires - and their relationship to vegetation dynamics and climate - has profoundly affected wildfire and land management policy globally. To better understand scarring in the context of wildfire behavior, landscape and biological processes, and tree species differences, we established a study on forests burned in 2003 near Missoula, Montana. We cut down small trees with visibly charred bark of species Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa, and cut cross-sections as high as bark charring occurred. We evaluated tree diameter and age, previous injuries, the number and size of new injuries, their relationship to bark charring and furrows and to topography, and whether the injuries closed over after 9 years recovery. We will discuss the probability of injury given external charring and the variability of scar characteristics among species.
