The Experts below are selected from a list of 228 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter S Erickson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lasalocid Supplementation of Dairy Cow Diets in Early Lactation
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2000Co-Authors: Peter S Erickson, Michael R. Murphy, J. M. Campbell, S.w. NombekelaAbstract:A 36-cow study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lasalocid on feed intake, milk production and composition, and various blood metabolites in early lactation. Multiparous Holstein cows were assigned at parturition to a total mixed diet containing 33% corn silage, 17% chopped alfalfa hay, and 50% concentrate mix on a DM basis for 10 wk. An additional 2.3 kg of alfalfa hay was fed during the first 7 d in milk (DIM). Diets were supplemented with 0, 180, or 360 mg/d of Lasalocid in a completely randomized design. Covariant-adjusted mean (the covariate was mature equivalent milk production from the previous lactation) DMI; milk and fat-corrected milk (FCM) production; percentages of milk fat, protein, and solids-not-fat; milk somatic cell count; BW; body condition score; and concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in blood were unaffected by supplementation with Lasalocid. A dose of 360 mg/d of Lasalocid may not be enough to significantly affect high-producing cows consuming >20 kg/d of DM.
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Lasalocid and particle size of corn grain for dairy cows in early lactation 1 effect on performance serum metabolites and nutrient digestibility
Journal of Dairy Science, 1996Co-Authors: K F Knowlton, M S Allen, Peter S EricksonAbstract:Abstract The effects were examined of corn grain particle size and the ionophore Lasalocid on performance, blood parameters, and nutrient digestibility of early lactation cows. Smaller corn particle size was expected to result in faster rate of digestion and ruminal fermentation of starch. Eight multiparous and 4 primiparous cows in early lactation were fed diets (44% forage) with cracked or ground, dried shelled corn grain and with or without Lasalocid (360 · mg/d per cow). The experiment was a replicated (n = 3) 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Lasalocid tended to improve DMI. Lasalocid and ground corn decreased body condition loss and milk fat and increased milk protein. Ground corn tended to increase milk yield but had no effect on 4% FCM, lactose, and BW. For all cows, milk yield, 4% FCM, lactose, and BW were unaffected by Lasalocid; however, subsequent analysis of individual squares revealed that milk yield of primiparous cows increased with Lasalocid. Ground corn increased total tract starch digestibility and decreased NDF digestibility. Interactions between Lasalocid and particle size of corn grain were observed only for change in serum insulin concentration before and after meals.
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Lasalocid and particle size of corn grain for dairy cows in early lactation 2 effect on ruminal measurements and feeding behavior
Journal of Dairy Science, 1996Co-Authors: K F Knowlton, M S Allen, Peter S EricksonAbstract:The effects particle size of corn grain and the ionophore Lasalocid on ruminal fermentation and feeding behavior of early lactation cows were examined. Eight multiparous and 4 primiparous cows in early lactation were fed diets (44% forage) with cracked or ground dried shelled corn grain and with or without Lasalocid (360 mg/d per cow). The experiment was a replicated (n = 3) 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods and a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Ground corn decreased ruminal turnover time of starch, did not affect ruminal lactate concentrations, increased propionate, decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate, and decreased branched-chain fatty acids. The range of ruminal pH within a day increased with ground corn, but mean pH was unaffected by treatment. Lasalocid increased lactate concentrations and did not affect the ratio of acetate to propionate. Lasalocid increased total time spent ruminating, and ground corn decreased ruminal contractions. Lasalocid tended to increase water intake, and ground corn increased water intake. Interactions of Lasalocid and particle size of the corn grain were observed for ruminal turnover time of starch and NDF, and ruminal pool size of acetate and total VFA.
Suzana žižek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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degradation and dissipation of the veterinary ionophore Lasalocid in manure and soil
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Suzana žižek, Primož Zidar, Martin Dobeic, S Pintaric, Silvestra Kobal, M VidrihAbstract:Abstract Lasalocid is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. It is excreted from the treated animals mostly in its active form and enters the environment with the use of contaminated manure on agricultural land. To properly assess the risk that Lasalocid poses to the environment, it is necessary to know its environmental concentrations as well as the rates of its degradation in manure and dissipation in soil. These values are still largely unknown. A research was undertaken to ascertain the rate of Lasalocid degradation in manure under different storage conditions (aging in a pile or composting) and on agricultural soil after using Lasalocid-contaminated manure. The results have shown that there is considerable difference in Lasalocid degradation between aging manure with no treatment ( t 1/2 = 61.8 ± 1.7 d) and composting ( t 1/2 = 17.5 ± 0.8 d). Half-lives in soil are much shorter (on average 3.1 ± 0.4 d). On the basis of the measured concentrations of Lasalocid in soil after manure application, we can conclude that it can potentially be harmful to soil organisms (PEC/PNEC ratio of 1.18), but only in a worst-case scenario of using the maximum permissible amount of manure and immediately after application. To make certain that no harmful effects occur, composting is recommended.
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toxicity of the ionophore antibiotic Lasalocid to soil dwelling invertebrates avoidance tests in comparison to classic sublethal tests
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: Suzana žižek, Primož ZidarAbstract:Abstract Lasalocid is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. It enters the environment with the use of contaminated manure on agricultural land. Despite its extensive use, the effects of Lasalocid on non-target soil organisms are poorly explored. We used classical subleathal ecotoxicity tests to assess the effects of Lasalocid on earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and isopods (Porcellio scaber) and compared the results with tests using avoidance behaviour as the endpoint. The results showed that avoidance is a much more sensitive endpoint. For earthworms, EC50 for avoidance (12.3 mg kg−1 dry soil) was more than five times lower than EC50 for reproduction (69.6 mg kg−1 dry soil). In isopods the sensitivity of the behavioural response test was even higher. While the highest Lasalocid concentration 202 mg kg−1 had no significant effects on isopod growth or survival, already the lowest used concentration in the behavioural assay (4.51 mg kg−1) caused significant impact on isopod behaviour. Using the avoidance test results for calculating the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of Lasalocid to soil invertebrates, the value is close to the predicted environmental concentration (PEC). This indicates that the use of Lasalocid-contaminated manure could potentially impair the habitat function of agricultural soils.
Stephen A Sassman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sorption and degradation in soils of veterinary ionophore antibiotics monensin and Lasalocid
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Stephen A SassmanAbstract:: Monensin and Lasalocid are polyether ionophores commonly used in the beef and poultry industries for the prevention of coccidial infections and promotion of growth. These ionophores can exhibit higher toxicity than many other antibiotics; thus, evaluating their fate in the environments associated with concentrated feed operations is important. Sorption of monensin and Lasalocid was measured in eight soils of varying physiochemical composition. Organic carbon-normalized sorption coefficients (log Koc) ranged from 2.1 to 3.8 for monensin and from 2.9 to 4.2 for Lasalocid and were inversely correlated to equilibrium soil-solution pH. Degradation of Lasalocid and monensin in two contrasting soils with and without manure amendment was measured in moist soils at 23 degrees C and 0.03 MPa moisture potential. The half-life of both compounds in the fresh nonsterile soils was less than 4 d, for which monensin degraded slightly faster than Lasalocid. Fresh liquid manure amendments did not significantly alter degradation of either compound. Based on parallel 60Co-sterilized soil experiments, some abiotic degradation of monensin was apparent, whereas Lasalocid only degraded in the presence of microbes. Analysis of beef-derived lagoon effluent used for irrigation confirmed that monensin can be present at low-ppb to low-ppm concentrations in the aqueous and suspended solids fractions, respectively; however, subsequent analysis of drainage water in a nearby ditch suggested that attenuation by soil after land application will greatly reduce the amount entering surface waters.
M Vidrih - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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degradation and dissipation of the veterinary ionophore Lasalocid in manure and soil
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Suzana žižek, Primož Zidar, Martin Dobeic, S Pintaric, Silvestra Kobal, M VidrihAbstract:Abstract Lasalocid is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. It is excreted from the treated animals mostly in its active form and enters the environment with the use of contaminated manure on agricultural land. To properly assess the risk that Lasalocid poses to the environment, it is necessary to know its environmental concentrations as well as the rates of its degradation in manure and dissipation in soil. These values are still largely unknown. A research was undertaken to ascertain the rate of Lasalocid degradation in manure under different storage conditions (aging in a pile or composting) and on agricultural soil after using Lasalocid-contaminated manure. The results have shown that there is considerable difference in Lasalocid degradation between aging manure with no treatment ( t 1/2 = 61.8 ± 1.7 d) and composting ( t 1/2 = 17.5 ± 0.8 d). Half-lives in soil are much shorter (on average 3.1 ± 0.4 d). On the basis of the measured concentrations of Lasalocid in soil after manure application, we can conclude that it can potentially be harmful to soil organisms (PEC/PNEC ratio of 1.18), but only in a worst-case scenario of using the maximum permissible amount of manure and immediately after application. To make certain that no harmful effects occur, composting is recommended.
Primož Zidar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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degradation and dissipation of the veterinary ionophore Lasalocid in manure and soil
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Suzana žižek, Primož Zidar, Martin Dobeic, S Pintaric, Silvestra Kobal, M VidrihAbstract:Abstract Lasalocid is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. It is excreted from the treated animals mostly in its active form and enters the environment with the use of contaminated manure on agricultural land. To properly assess the risk that Lasalocid poses to the environment, it is necessary to know its environmental concentrations as well as the rates of its degradation in manure and dissipation in soil. These values are still largely unknown. A research was undertaken to ascertain the rate of Lasalocid degradation in manure under different storage conditions (aging in a pile or composting) and on agricultural soil after using Lasalocid-contaminated manure. The results have shown that there is considerable difference in Lasalocid degradation between aging manure with no treatment ( t 1/2 = 61.8 ± 1.7 d) and composting ( t 1/2 = 17.5 ± 0.8 d). Half-lives in soil are much shorter (on average 3.1 ± 0.4 d). On the basis of the measured concentrations of Lasalocid in soil after manure application, we can conclude that it can potentially be harmful to soil organisms (PEC/PNEC ratio of 1.18), but only in a worst-case scenario of using the maximum permissible amount of manure and immediately after application. To make certain that no harmful effects occur, composting is recommended.
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toxicity of the ionophore antibiotic Lasalocid to soil dwelling invertebrates avoidance tests in comparison to classic sublethal tests
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: Suzana žižek, Primož ZidarAbstract:Abstract Lasalocid is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. It enters the environment with the use of contaminated manure on agricultural land. Despite its extensive use, the effects of Lasalocid on non-target soil organisms are poorly explored. We used classical subleathal ecotoxicity tests to assess the effects of Lasalocid on earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and isopods (Porcellio scaber) and compared the results with tests using avoidance behaviour as the endpoint. The results showed that avoidance is a much more sensitive endpoint. For earthworms, EC50 for avoidance (12.3 mg kg−1 dry soil) was more than five times lower than EC50 for reproduction (69.6 mg kg−1 dry soil). In isopods the sensitivity of the behavioural response test was even higher. While the highest Lasalocid concentration 202 mg kg−1 had no significant effects on isopod growth or survival, already the lowest used concentration in the behavioural assay (4.51 mg kg−1) caused significant impact on isopod behaviour. Using the avoidance test results for calculating the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of Lasalocid to soil invertebrates, the value is close to the predicted environmental concentration (PEC). This indicates that the use of Lasalocid-contaminated manure could potentially impair the habitat function of agricultural soils.
