Latah

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Michael G. Kenny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

N Ranganathan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • design of reversible sequential circuits optimizing quantum cost delay and garbage outputs
    ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, 2010
    Co-Authors: Himanshu Thapliyal, N Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic has shown potential to have extensive applications in emerging technologies such as quantum computing, optical computing, quantum dot cellular automata as well as ultra low power VLSI circuits. Recently, several researchers have focused their efforts on the design and synthesis of efficient reversible logic circuits. In these works, the primary design focus has been on optimizing the number of reversible gates and the garbage outputs. The number of reversible gates is not a good metric of optimization as each reversible gate is of different type and computational complexity, and thus will have a different quantum cost and delay. The computational complexity of a reversible gate can be represented by its quantum cost. Further, delay constitutes an important metric, which has not been addressed in prior works on reversible sequential circuits as a design metric to be optimized. In this work, we present novel designs of reversible sequential circuits that are optimized in terms of quantum cost, delay and the garbage outputs. The optimized designs of several reversible sequential circuits are presented including the D Latch, the JK latch, the T latch and the SR latch, and their corresponding reversible master-slave flip-flop designs. The proposed master-slave flip-flop designs have the special property that they don't require the inversion of the clock for use in the slave latch. Further, we introduce a novel strategy of cascading a Fredkin gate at the outputs of a reversible latch to realize the designs of the Fredkin gate based asynchronous set/reset D latch and the master-slave D flip-flop. Finally, as an example of complex reversible sequential circuits, the reversible logic design of the universal shift register is introduced. The proposed reversible sequential designs were verified through simulations using Verilog HDL and simulation results are presented.

  • design of reversible latches optimized for quantum cost delay and garbage outputs
    International Conference on VLSI Design, 2010
    Co-Authors: Himanshu Thapliyal, N Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic has extensive applications in emerging nanotechnologies, such as quantum computing, optical computing, ultra low power VLSI and quantum dot cellular automata. In the existing literature, designs of reversible sequential circuits are presented that are optimized for the number of reversible gates and the garbage outputs. The optimization of the number of reversible gates is not sufficient since each reversible gate is of different computational complexity, and thus will have a different quantum cost and delay. While the computational complexity of a reversible gate can be measured by its quantum cost, the delay of a reversible gate is another parameter that can be optimized during the design of a reversible sequential circuit. In this work, we present novel designs of reversible latches that are optimized in terms of quantum cost, delay and the garbage outputs. The optimized designs of reversible latches presented in this work are the D Latch, JK latch, T latch and SR latch.

Jerry Chamberland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Latah in Jakarta, Indonesia
    Movement Disorders, 2001
    Co-Authors: Caroline M Tanner, Jerry Chamberland
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of Latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary Latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of Latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses. BACKGROUND: Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern Latah has not been systematically studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: Persons with Latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol. RESULTS: Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half. CONCLUSION: Modern Latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.

  • Latah in jakarta indonesia
    Movement Disorders, 2001
    Co-Authors: Caroline M Tanner, Jerry Chamberland
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of Latah in modern Indonesia; to determine whether contemporary Latah resembles the syndrome described in the nineteenth century; to compare the syndrome of Latah to other disorders featuring tics or exaggerated startle responses. BACKGROUND: Latah, described centuries ago in Malay people, is characterized by an exaggerated motor startle response, often with associated involuntary vocalizations, echolalia, echopraxia, and forced obedience. Modern Latah has not been systematically studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: Persons with Latah living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were investigated using a standardized, videotaped protocol. RESULTS: Fifteen women were studied. All had exaggerated startle to touch, and 10 to frightening words. Echolalia was seen in 10, echopraxia in 11, and forced obedience in 13. The startle response did not habituate, but instead worsened in response to repeated stimuli. Startle and associated symptoms were only partially suppressible in fewer than half. CONCLUSION: Modern Latah resembles that described over a century ago. Latah resembles other disorders with exaggerated startle response, but is clinically distinct from Tourette's Syndrome.

Marina A J Tijssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Latah an indonesian startle syndrome
    Movement Disorders, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mirte J Bakker, Gert J Van Dijk, Astuti Pramono, Sri Sutarni, Marina A J Tijssen
    Abstract:

    The nature of culture-specific startles syndromes such as Latah in Indonesia and Malaysia is ill understood. Hypotheses concerning their origin include sociocultural behavior, psychiatric disorders, and neurological syndromes. The various disorders show striking similarities despite occurring in diverse cultural settings and genetically distant populations. They are characterized clinically by exaggerated startle responses and involuntary vocalizations, echolalia, and echopraxia. Quantifying startle reflexes may help define Latah within the 3 groups of startle syndromes: (1) hyperekplexia, (2) startle-induced disorders, and (3) neuropsychiatric startle syndromes. Twelve female Latah patients (mean age, 44.6 years; SD, 7.7 years) and 12 age-, sex- and socioeconomically matched controls (mean age, 42.3 year; SD, 8.0) were studied using structured history taking and neurological examination including provocation of vocalizations, echolalia, and echopraxia. We quantified auditory startle reflexes with electromyographic activity of 6 left-sided muscles following 104-dB tones. We defined 2 phases for the startle response: a short latency motor startle reflex initiated in the lower brain stem

Lindsayjohnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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