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Claire D Brindis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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political prioritization and the competing definitions of adolescent pregnancy in kenya an application of the public arenas model
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Maricianah Onono, George W Rutherford, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Justin S White, Eric Goosby, Claire D BrindisAbstract:Background Approximately one in every five adolescent girls in Kenya has either had a live birth or is pregnant with her first child. There is an urgent need to understand the languAge and symbols used to represent adolescent pregnancy, if the current trend in adolescent pregnancy is to be reversed. Agreement on the definition of a societal problem is an important precursor to a social issue’s political prioritization and priority setting. Methods We apply the Public Arenas Model to appraise the environments, definitions, competition dynamics, principles of selection and current actors involved in problem-solving and prioritizing adolescent pregnancy as a policy issue. Using a focused ethnographic approach, we undertook semi-structured interviews with 14 members of adolescent sexual reproductive health networks at the national level and conducted thematic analysis of the interviews. Findings We found that existing definitions center around adolescent pregnancy as a “disease” that needs prevention and treatment, socially deviant behaviour that requires individual Agency, and a national social concern that drains public resources and therefore needs to be regulated. These competing definitions contribute to the rarity of the topic achieving traction within the political Agenda and contribute to conflicting solutions, such as lowering the Legal Age of consenting to sex, while limiting access to contraceptive information and services to minors. Conclusion This paper provides a timely theoretical approach to draw attention to the different competing definitions and subsequent divergent interpretations of the problem of adolescent pregnancy in Kenya. Adolescent reproductive health stakeholders need to be familiar with the existing definitions and deliberately reframe this important social problem for better political prioritization and resource allocation. We recommend a definition of adolescent pregnancy that cuts across different arenas, and leverAges already existing dominant and concurrent social and economic issues that are already on the Agenda table.
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political prioritization and the competing definitions of adolescent pregnancy in kenya an application of the public arenas model
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Maricianah Onono, George W Rutherford, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Justin S White, Eric Goosby, Claire D BrindisAbstract:Author(s): Onono, Maricianah A; Rutherford, George W; Bukusi, Elizabeth A; White, Justin S; Goosby, Eric; Brindis, Claire D | Abstract: BackgroundApproximately one in every five adolescent girls in Kenya has either had a live birth or is pregnant with her first child. There is an urgent need to understand the languAge and symbols used to represent adolescent pregnancy, if the current trend in adolescent pregnancy is to be reversed. Agreement on the definition of a societal problem is an important precursor to a social issue's political prioritization and priority setting.MethodsWe apply the Public Arenas Model to appraise the environments, definitions, competition dynamics, principles of selection and current actors involved in problem-solving and prioritizing adolescent pregnancy as a policy issue. Using a focused ethnographic approach, we undertook semi-structured interviews with 14 members of adolescent sexual reproductive health networks at the national level and conducted thematic analysis of the interviews.FindingsWe found that existing definitions center around adolescent pregnancy as a "disease" that needs prevention and treatment, socially deviant behaviour that requires individual Agency, and a national social concern that drains public resources and therefore needs to be regulated. These competing definitions contribute to the rarity of the topic achieving traction within the political Agenda and contribute to conflicting solutions, such as lowering the Legal Age of consenting to sex, while limiting access to contraceptive information and services to minors.ConclusionThis paper provides a timely theoretical approach to draw attention to the different competing definitions and subsequent divergent interpretations of the problem of adolescent pregnancy in Kenya. Adolescent reproductive health stakeholders need to be familiar with the existing definitions and deliberately reframe this important social problem for better political prioritization and resource allocation. We recommend a definition of adolescent pregnancy that cuts across different arenas, and leverAges already existing dominant and concurrent social and economic issues that are already on the Agenda table.
Patricia Donovan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can statutory rape laws be effective in preventing adolescent pregnancy
Family Planning Perspectives, 1997Co-Authors: Patricia DonovanAbstract:PIP: The male sex partners of minor adolescent women are often 3-6 years older. As policymakers and the general public have become increasingly aware of this reality, there have been calls to enforce states' generally ignored statutory rape laws against sexual intercourse between adults and minors. Statutory rape laws became part of the American Legal system through English common law, with early lawmakers in the US setting 10 years of Age as the Legal Age of consent to engAge in sexual relations. States gradually increased the Age of consent during the 19th century so that the Age of consent is now 14-18 years depending upon the state. There is also a widespread perception that adolescent mothers account for the large increase in welfare caseloads over the past 25 years. Policymakers are therefore especially interested in the possibility of reducing adolescent pregnancy rates and welfare costs through the enforcement of statutory rape laws. However, most experts argue that the greater enforcement of such laws will fail to significantly reduce adolescent pregnancy and birth rates. Adolescent childbearing is instead the result of a complex web of factors, including limited opportunity, entrenched poverty, low self-esteem, and many other issues which statutory rape laws do not address.
Maricianah Onono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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political prioritization and the competing definitions of adolescent pregnancy in kenya an application of the public arenas model
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Maricianah Onono, George W Rutherford, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Justin S White, Eric Goosby, Claire D BrindisAbstract:Background Approximately one in every five adolescent girls in Kenya has either had a live birth or is pregnant with her first child. There is an urgent need to understand the languAge and symbols used to represent adolescent pregnancy, if the current trend in adolescent pregnancy is to be reversed. Agreement on the definition of a societal problem is an important precursor to a social issue’s political prioritization and priority setting. Methods We apply the Public Arenas Model to appraise the environments, definitions, competition dynamics, principles of selection and current actors involved in problem-solving and prioritizing adolescent pregnancy as a policy issue. Using a focused ethnographic approach, we undertook semi-structured interviews with 14 members of adolescent sexual reproductive health networks at the national level and conducted thematic analysis of the interviews. Findings We found that existing definitions center around adolescent pregnancy as a “disease” that needs prevention and treatment, socially deviant behaviour that requires individual Agency, and a national social concern that drains public resources and therefore needs to be regulated. These competing definitions contribute to the rarity of the topic achieving traction within the political Agenda and contribute to conflicting solutions, such as lowering the Legal Age of consenting to sex, while limiting access to contraceptive information and services to minors. Conclusion This paper provides a timely theoretical approach to draw attention to the different competing definitions and subsequent divergent interpretations of the problem of adolescent pregnancy in Kenya. Adolescent reproductive health stakeholders need to be familiar with the existing definitions and deliberately reframe this important social problem for better political prioritization and resource allocation. We recommend a definition of adolescent pregnancy that cuts across different arenas, and leverAges already existing dominant and concurrent social and economic issues that are already on the Agenda table.
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political prioritization and the competing definitions of adolescent pregnancy in kenya an application of the public arenas model
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Maricianah Onono, George W Rutherford, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Justin S White, Eric Goosby, Claire D BrindisAbstract:Author(s): Onono, Maricianah A; Rutherford, George W; Bukusi, Elizabeth A; White, Justin S; Goosby, Eric; Brindis, Claire D | Abstract: BackgroundApproximately one in every five adolescent girls in Kenya has either had a live birth or is pregnant with her first child. There is an urgent need to understand the languAge and symbols used to represent adolescent pregnancy, if the current trend in adolescent pregnancy is to be reversed. Agreement on the definition of a societal problem is an important precursor to a social issue's political prioritization and priority setting.MethodsWe apply the Public Arenas Model to appraise the environments, definitions, competition dynamics, principles of selection and current actors involved in problem-solving and prioritizing adolescent pregnancy as a policy issue. Using a focused ethnographic approach, we undertook semi-structured interviews with 14 members of adolescent sexual reproductive health networks at the national level and conducted thematic analysis of the interviews.FindingsWe found that existing definitions center around adolescent pregnancy as a "disease" that needs prevention and treatment, socially deviant behaviour that requires individual Agency, and a national social concern that drains public resources and therefore needs to be regulated. These competing definitions contribute to the rarity of the topic achieving traction within the political Agenda and contribute to conflicting solutions, such as lowering the Legal Age of consenting to sex, while limiting access to contraceptive information and services to minors.ConclusionThis paper provides a timely theoretical approach to draw attention to the different competing definitions and subsequent divergent interpretations of the problem of adolescent pregnancy in Kenya. Adolescent reproductive health stakeholders need to be familiar with the existing definitions and deliberately reframe this important social problem for better political prioritization and resource allocation. We recommend a definition of adolescent pregnancy that cuts across different arenas, and leverAges already existing dominant and concurrent social and economic issues that are already on the Agenda table.
Marco Orrico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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third mandibular molar radiological development as an indicator of chronological Age in a european population
Forensic Science International, 2004Co-Authors: Alessandra De Salvia, Corinne Calzetta, Marco OrricoAbstract:Abstract Assessing biological Age in the youth nearby Legal Age has always represented a stimulating issue for the Italian forensic scientist as far as he deals with matter of imputability and Legal or ilLegal immigration of uncertain Age subjects. Since any method of evaluation should of course be accurate, not invasive, reproducible and, as possible, easily exploitable, radiological investigation of Age dependent features is the most appropriate instrument to the purpose. Dental development is slower and delayed compared with skeletal bone one, occurring according to a known, regular pattern from whose evaluation a biological Age can be assessed with a reasonably restricted span for a certain radiological imAge. This is the assumption which inspired since 1941 (Schour e Massler) so many anthropologists and forensic and clinic odontologist in investigating biological Age by the study of radiological dental morphology. Demirjian and Goldstein [New systems for dental maturity based on seven and four teeth, Ann. Hum. Biol. 3 (1976) 411–421] obtained no differences between two groups of subjects whose Age was extimated by the evaluation of 14 teeth in one case and 7 teeth in another, the last being greatly simpler. Afterwards, Thorson (1991), Mincer et al. [The A.B.F.O. study of third molar development and its use as estimator of chronological Age, J. Forensic Sci. 38 (1993) 379], Solari and Abramovitc [The accuracy and precision of third molar development as an indicator of chronological Age in Hispanic, J. Forensic Sci. (3) (2002) 531–535] and then Prieto Carrero [Evaluation of Chronological Age Based on Third Molar Development in the Spanish Population, Atti del XIX Congresso IALM, Milano, 2003], developed a method based on the evaluation of the radiological development of the alone third molar, according to Demirjian's schematic definitions of crown and root formation. Eight stAges of development of the third molar are defined from the time of mineralization appearance of the cusp tips up to complete closing of the apexes. In order to achieve grater precision in discriminating stAges F and G, Solari added two stAges (F1 and G1), determining 10 stAges of maturation of root and crown. Prieto tested the accuracy and precision of this method by the evaluation of about 1300 orthopantomographs of juveniles and young Spanish adults of known Age, divided for gender. We analyzed a total of 400 orthopantograms of young Spanish dental patients to evaluate the chronology of the right mandibular third molar development and to assess its correlation with the biological Age of the tested. Biological Age is attributed with a maximum standard deviation of 2.47 from the mean in the eight stAges outline. The greatest limit of the method seems to be the operator experience in determining the dental stAge of development. We think that Age data coming from such evaluation method should be clearly explained to the magistrate in their true statistical significance and limits.
Kanaan Mona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attitudes of smokers towards tobacco control policies: findings from the Studying Tobacco users of Pakistan (STOP) survey
'BMJ', 2022Co-Authors: Siddiqi Kamran, Siddiqui Faraz, Islam Ziauddin, Khan Amina, Dobbie Fiona, Khan Zohaib, Böckmann Melanie, Kanaan MonaAbstract:Siddiqi K, Siddiqui F, Böckmann M, et al. Attitudes of smokers towards tobacco control policies: findings from the Studying Tobacco users of Pakistan (STOP) survey. Tobacco Control. 2022;31(1):112-116.Background Public attitude is a political driver in successful implementation of tobacco control policies. We assessed support for a range of tobacco control policies among smokers in Pakistan. Methods We conducted a household survey among adult smokers in 10 cities of Pakistan, using a two-stAge random sampling strategy to select households and Kish grid method to select one smoker per household. Attitudes were measured using a five-point ordinal scale on four policy statements: a complete ban on tobacco sale within 10 years; raising the Legal Age to buy tobacco from 18 to 21; increasing tobacco taxes to fund healthcare and a ban on smoking in cars with minors. Results 6014 participants were interviewed between September 2019 and March 2020. Most participants demonstrated strong support for all policy statements: a ban on smoking in cars with minors (86.5%); a complete ban on tobacco sale within 10 years (82.1%); raising the Legal Age to buy tobacco (77.9%) and increasing tobacco taxes (68.1%). Smokers' support for tobacco control policies increased with Age but decreased with higher educational attainment and heaviness of smoking. Conclusions There is strong support among smokers in Pakistan to strengthen tobacco control. Given this, policy-makers should strongly consider strengthening existing national policies on tobacco control
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Attitudes of smokers towards tobacco control policies: Findings from the Studying Tobacco users Of Pakistan (STOP) survey
2020Co-Authors: Siddiqi Kamran, Siddiqui Faraz, Boeckmann Melanie, Islam Ziauddin, Khan Amina, Dobbie Fiona, Khan Zohaib, Kanaan MonaAbstract:Background Public attitude is a political driver in successful implementation of tobacco control policies. We assessed support for a range of tobacco control policies among smokers in Pakistan. Methods We conducted a household survey among adult smokers in 10 cities of Pakistan, using a two-stAge random sampling strategy to select households and Kish Grid method to select one smoker per household. Attitudes were measured using a five-point ordinal scale on four policy statements: a complete ban on tobacco sale within 10 years; raising the Legal Age to buy tobacco from 18 to 21; increasing tobacco taxes to fund healthcare; and a ban on smoking in cars with minors. Results 6,014 participants were interviewed between September 2019 and March 2020. Most participants demonstrated strong support for all policy statements: a ban on smoking in cars with minors (86.5%); a complete ban on tobacco sale within 10 years (82.1%); raising the Legal Age to buy tobacco (77.9%) and increasing tobacco taxes (68.1%). Smokers’ support for tobacco control policies increased with Age but decreased with higher educational attainment and heaviness of smoking. Conclusions There is strong support among smokers in Pakistan to strengthen tobacco control. Given this, policy makers should strongly consider strengthening existing national policies on tobacco control