The Experts below are selected from a list of 156456 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Annelise Riles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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collateral expertise Legal Knowledge in the global financial markets
Current Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Annelise RilesAbstract:This essay offers an ethnographically grounded critique of and an alternative to science-studiesinflected approaches to the social studies of finance. The focus on trading as the core of finance and the analysis of trading as an analog of technoscientific practice unwittingly substantiate one of the core ideological claims of finance, that it is a discrete world whose activities are protoscientific. A focus on the Legal, regulatory, and documentary practices that instantiate the world of traders, in contrast, presents a very different conception of finance. Finance, in this view, is an explicit politics (not a hidden politics masked as epistemological practice), a purposeful and stated compulsion of self and others, a realm of must, shall, and will, albeit one always defined by certain temporal limits. Attention to the temporal politics of finance requires an analytical approach that does more than uncover the politics of expertise. The promise of such an approach is that it might help us to apprehend already thriving forms of political response to global capitalism: arrangements of human and nonhuman Legal instruments beyond critiques of global capitalism on the one hand and alternatives to global capitalism on the other. One such arrangement is what I term the placeholder.
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reforming Knowledge a socio Legal critique of the Legal education reforms in japan
Social Science Research Network, 2009Co-Authors: Annelise Riles, Takashi UchidaAbstract:This article critiques the current Japanese Legal education reforms, modeled largely on the United States, by proposing a socio-technical framework for analyzing the distribution of Legal expertise in a given society. On one side of the spectrum is the "monocentric" model of Legal expertise, in which expertise is monopolized by the profession and Legal literacy is low. On the other side of the spectrum is the "polycentric" model of Legal expertise, in which a range of social and institutional actors share responsibility for Legal expertise and Legal literacy is high. If the U.S. is a more monocentric system, the Japanese system has historically been more polycentric. The article evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the two kinds of systems, focusing on the role of "Legal Knowledge workers" who are not professional lawyers in Japan. It concludes that although each system has strengths and weaknesses, a polycentric model of Legal Knowledge distribution is ultimately more economically efficient and better suited to the goals of a liberal democratic society than a monocentric model. For this reason, the rush to emulate the American system in current Japanese reforms is seriously flawed.
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anthropology human rights and Legal Knowledge culture in the iron cage
American Anthropologist, 2006Co-Authors: Annelise RilesAbstract:In this article, I draw on ethnography in the particular zone of engagement between anthropologists, on the one hand, and human rights lawyers who are skeptical of the human rights regime, on the other hand. I argue that many problems anthropologists encounter with the appropriation and marginalization of anthropology's analytical tools can be understood in terms of the Legal character of human rights. In particular, discursive engagement between anthropology and human rights is animated by the pervasive instrumentalism of Legal Knowledge. I contend that both anthropologists who seek to describe the culture of human rights and critical lawyers who critically engage the human rights regime share a common problem - that of the iron cage of Legal instrumentalism. I conclude that an ethnographic method reconfigured as a matter of what I term circling back - as opposed to cultural description - offers a respite from the hegemony of Legal instrumentalism.
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anthropology human rights and Legal Knowledge culture in the iron cage
American Anthropologist, 2006Co-Authors: Annelise RilesAbstract:In this article, I draw on ethnography in the particular zone of engagement between anthropologists, on the one hand, and human rights lawyers who are skeptical of the human rights regime, on the other hand. I argue that many of the problems anthropologists encounter with the appropriation and marginalization of anthropology's analytical tools can be understood in terms of the Legal character of human rights. In particular, discursive engagement between anthropology and human rights is animated by the pervasive instrumentalism of Legal Knowledge. I contend that both anthropologists who seek to describe the culture of human rights and lawyers who critically engage the human rights regime share a common problem—that of the “iron cage” of Legal instrumentalism. I conclude that an ethnographic method reconfigured as a matter of what I term circling back—as opposed to cultural description—offers a respite from the hegemony of Legal instrumentalism.
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property as Legal Knowledge means and ends
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2004Co-Authors: Annelise RilesAbstract:This article takes anthropologists’ renewed interest in property theory as an opportunity to consider Legal theory-making as an ethnographic subject in its own right. My focus is on one particular construct – the instrument, or relation of means to ends, that animates both Legal and anthropological theories about property. An analysis of the workings of this construct leads to the conclusion that rather than critique the ends of Legal Knowledge, the anthropology of property should devote itself to articulating its own means.
Richard Summerville - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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creative podcasting as a tool for Legal Knowledge and skills development
The Law Teacher, 2020Co-Authors: Rachel Killean, Richard SummervilleAbstract:This article draws on the authors’ experience of introducing a student-led Legal podcast in their law school in September 2017 to explore creative podcasting’s potential as a tool of Legal knowledg...
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creative podcasting as a tool for Legal Knowledge and skills development
Social Science Research Network, 2019Co-Authors: Rachel Killean, Richard SummervilleAbstract:This article draws on the authors’ experience of introducing a student-led Legal podcast in their law school in September 2017 to explore creative podcasting’s potential as a tool of Legal Knowledge and skill development. Drawing on the authors’ observations as the coordinators of the podcast, as well as a survey conducted amongst student participants, it considers the value of creative podcasting as a means of enhancing Legal Knowledge, aiding skills development, and fostering a feeling of collaboration and community. The article also reflects on the practical challenges associated with running a project of this type outside the school’s curriculum, focusing particularly on the challenge of encouraging student buy-in.
Alexander Boer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diagnosis of multi agent systems and its application to public administration
Business Information Systems, 2011Co-Authors: Alexander Boer, Tom M Van EngersAbstract:In this paper we present a model-based diagnosis view on the complex social systems in which large public administration organizations operate. The purpose of diagnosis as presented in this paper is to identify agent role instances that are not conforming to expectations in a multi-agent system (MAS). To this end, we introduce model-based diagnosis of an imperfectly observable multi-agent system. We propose the model-based diagnosis problem as an explanation of major driving forces behind policy making, and requests for change to IT and business process design departments, in public administration. This makes model-based diagnosis a useful Legal Knowledge acquisition model for public administration.
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an agent based Legal Knowledge acquisition methodology for agile public administration
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2011Co-Authors: Alexander Boer, Tom M Van EngersAbstract:This paper proposes a Knowledge elicitation method based on serious gaming for theory construction about the effects of the law on the behaviours of agents. These games provide input to simulations of business process and product design alternatives. For Knowledge representation, we have combined agent role descriptions with a generic task framework. An important thesis of this paper is that, in the interest of quick and simple domain analysis, agent roles, not intelligent agents, should be the focal object of simulation of complex social organizations. At least if getting a grip on social complexity is the purpose of modeling.
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lkif core principled ontology development for the Legal domain
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Law Ontologies and the Semantic Web: Channelling the Legal Information Flood, 2009Co-Authors: Rinke Hoekstra, Joost Breuker, Marcello Di Bello, Alexander BoerAbstract:In this paper we describe a Legal core ontology that is part of the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format: a Knowledge representation formalism that enables the translation of Legal Knowledge bases written in different representation formats and formalisms. A Legal (core) ontology can play an important role in the translation of existing Legal Knowledge bases to other representation formats, in particular as the basis for articulate Knowledge serving. This requires that the ontology has a firm grounding in commonsense and is developed in a principled manner. We describe the theory and methodology underlying the LKIF core ontology, compare it with other ontologies, introduce the concepts it defines, and discuss its use in the formalisation of an EU directive.
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Legal theory sources of law and the semantic web
2009Co-Authors: Alexander BoerAbstract:"Legal Theory, Sources of Law and the Semantic Web" is an attempt to construct an integrated conceptual framework for the application-neutral and problem-neutral representation of sources of law using Semantic Web technology and concepts and some technically straightforward extensions to Semantic Web technology based on established practices found in fielded applications. To construct this framework, the author disentangled some problems that are often mixed up in Legal theory and - in extension - Legal Knowledge representation. The purpose of this framework is to provide a theoretical background for the creation of re-usable and maintainable Knowledge components representing Knowledge of sources of law on the Semantic Web. These components should form a basis for the development for computer applications supporting straightforward, routine decision making problems using traditional methods. This book aims to be a work of ontology: an account of relevant aspects of the Knowledge domain of law from the perspective of a Legal Knowledge engineer interested in sources of law. However, one cannot say that the result of this work is an ontology: this book presents a mix of design principles, design patterns for Knowledge representation in OWL DL and ontology fragments.
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metalex xml and the Legal Knowledge interchange format
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 2008Co-Authors: Alexander Boer, Radboud Winkels, Fabio VitaliAbstract:Electronic government invariably involves XML and electronic law: legislation is as essential to public administration as the ball is to a ball game. This paper gives an overview of two XML standard proposals dealing with two complementary aspects of electronic legislation – the documents themselves as a carrier, and an institutional reality they represent – in a coherent way: MetaLex XML and the Legal Knowledge Interchange format (LKIF). MetaLex XML is well on its way to becoming formal and de facto standard for legislation in XML. LKIF is yet to be submitted as a proposed standard. LKIF includes some interesting innovations from an AI & Law perspective.
Malcolm Parker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of law in decisions to withhold and withdraw life sustaining treatment from adults who lack capacity a cross sectional study
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Benjamin P White, Lindy Willmott, Colleen M Cartwright, Gail M Williams, Malcolm ParkerAbstract:Objectives: To determine the role played by law in medical specialists’ decision-making about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment (WWLST) from adults who lack capacity, and the extent to which Legal Knowledge affects whether law is followed. Design: Cross-sectional postal survey of medical specialists. Setting: The two largest Australian states by population. Participants: 649 medical specialists from seven specialties most likely to be involved in end-of-life decision-making in the acute setting. Main outcome measures: Compliance with law and the impact of Legal Knowledge on compliance. Results: 649 medical specialists (of 2104 potential participants) completed the survey (response rate 31%). Responses to a hypothetical scenario found a potential low rate of Legal compliance, 32% (95% CI 28% to 36%). Knowledge of the law and Legal compliance were associated: within compliers, 86% (95% CI 83% to 91%) had specific Knowledge of the relevant aspect of the law, compared to 60% (95% CI 55% to 65%) within non-compliers. However, the reasons medical specialists gave for making decisions did not vary according to Legal Knowledge. Conclusions: Medical specialists prioritise patient-related clinical factors over law when confronted with a scenario where Legal compliance is inconsistent with what they believe is clinically indicated. Although Legally Knowledgeable specialists were more likely to comply with the law, compliance in the scenario was not motivated by an intention to follow law. Ethical considerations (which are different from, but often align with, law) are suggested as a more important influence in clinical decision-making. More education and training of doctors is needed to demonstrate the role, relevance and utility of law in end-of-life care.
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doctors Knowledge of the law on withholding and withdrawing life sustaining medical treatment
Faculty of Law; Australian Centre for Health Law Research, 2014Co-Authors: Ben White, Lindy Willmott, Colleen M Cartwright, Malcolm Parker, Gail M WilliamsAbstract:Objectives To examine the level of Knowledge of doctors about the law on withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from adults who lack decision-making capacity, and factors associated with a higher level of Knowledge. Design, setting and participants Postal survey of all specialists in emergency medicine, geriatric medicine, intensive care, medical oncology, palliative medicine, renal medicine and respiratory medicine on the AMPCo Direct database in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. Survey initially posted to participants on 18 July 2012 and closed on 31 January 2013. Main outcome measures Medical specialists’ levels of Knowledge about the law, based on their responses to two survey questions. Results Overall response rate was 32%. For the seven statements contained in the two questions about the law, the mean Knowledge score was 3.26 out of 7. State and specialty were the strongest predictors of Legal Knowledge. Conclusions Among doctors who practise in the end-of-life field, there are some significant Knowledge gaps about the law on withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from adults who lack decision-making capacity. Significant consequences for both patients and doctors can flow from a failure to comply with the law. Steps should be taken to improve doctors’ Legal Knowledge in this area and to harmonise the law across Australia.
Rachel Killean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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creative podcasting as a tool for Legal Knowledge and skills development
The Law Teacher, 2020Co-Authors: Rachel Killean, Richard SummervilleAbstract:This article draws on the authors’ experience of introducing a student-led Legal podcast in their law school in September 2017 to explore creative podcasting’s potential as a tool of Legal knowledg...
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creative podcasting as a tool for Legal Knowledge and skills development
Social Science Research Network, 2019Co-Authors: Rachel Killean, Richard SummervilleAbstract:This article draws on the authors’ experience of introducing a student-led Legal podcast in their law school in September 2017 to explore creative podcasting’s potential as a tool of Legal Knowledge and skill development. Drawing on the authors’ observations as the coordinators of the podcast, as well as a survey conducted amongst student participants, it considers the value of creative podcasting as a means of enhancing Legal Knowledge, aiding skills development, and fostering a feeling of collaboration and community. The article also reflects on the practical challenges associated with running a project of this type outside the school’s curriculum, focusing particularly on the challenge of encouraging student buy-in.