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Janos Vetter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chitin content of cultivated mushrooms agaricus bisporus pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Janos VetterAbstract:Abstract The chitin contents of pileus and stipes of fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes (shii take) were determined and compared. The fruit bodies of different, common varieties of the cultivated mushroom species were taken from Hungarian and German large-scale farming. The analytical procedure was carried out on the powder of cleaned, dried and milled pileus and stipes. The pileus of A. bisporus variety ‘K-23’ showed a significant decrease (p
Hoi Shan Kwan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biodegradation of dyes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons by two allelic forms of Lentinula edodes laccase expressed from pichia pastoris
Bioresource Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Kinsing Wong, Qianli Huang, Jun Wang, Hoi Shan KwanAbstract:Abstract Laccases from basidiomycetes are efficient enzymes in the degradation of xenobiotics. In this study we aimed to provide an industrially relevant expression system for Lentinula edodes laccases, to characterize their enzymatic properties, and to evaluate their potential in bioremediation. Two 1573-bp allelic laccase genes from L. edodes L54 were cloned based on gene models in the genome sequence. A novel upstream consensus (GCTCCGA/CCGGAG) was proposed as an alternative signature sequence for laccases. Both alleles were overexpressed in Pichia pastoris , purified, and verified by zymograms. Kinetic analyses suggested an order of catalytic efficiency of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) > 2,6-dimethoxyphenol > guaiacol > l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine > catechol, and a stable range of working temperature below 40 °C. With the appropriate mediators, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, the recombinant enzymes could catalyze a 70–100% decolorization of selected dyes and a complete degradation of anthracene. These results laid a solid foundation for the use of L. edodes laccases in bioremediations and for improvement with protein engineering.
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characterization molecular cloning and differential expression analysis of laccase genes from the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: J Zhao, Hoi Shan KwanAbstract:The effect of different substrates and various developmental stages (mycelium growth, primordium appearance, and fruiting-body formation) on laccase production in the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes was studied. The cap of the mature mushroom showed the highest laccase activity, and laccase activity was not stimulated by some well-known laccase inducers or sawdust. For our molecular studies, two genomic DNA sequences, representing allelic variants of the L. edodes lac1 gene, were isolated, and DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that lac1 encodes a putative polypeptide of 526 amino acids which is interrupted by 13 introns. The two allelic genes differ at 95 nucleotides, which results in seven amino acid differences in the encoded protein. The copper-binding domains found in other laccase enzymes are conserved in the L. edodes Lac1 proteins. A fragment of a second laccase gene (lac2) was also isolated, and competitive PCR showed that expression of lac1 and lac2 genes was different under various conditions. Our results suggest that laccases may play a role in the morphogenesis of the mushroom. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the cloning of genes involved in lignocellulose degradation in this economically important edible fungus.
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cloning and characterization of the gene encoding beta subunit of mitochondrial processing peptidase from the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes
Gene, 1998Co-Authors: Meng Zhang, W Xie, G S W Leung, E E Deane, Hoi Shan KwanAbstract:We have isolated the gene encoding the beta subunit of mitochondrial processing peptidase (beta-MPP) from the shiitake mushroom Lentinula edodes. It is a nuclear gene with two small introns. Comparison with known beta-MPP genes revealed that the L. edodes gene is most closely related with that from Neurospora crassa, with 60.8% identities and 87% similarity in the amino-acid sequences. The deduced L. edodes beta-MPP peptide sequence contains the inverse zinc-binding motif (H-X-E-H) that has been found in a large family of zinc-binding metalloproteinases including bacterial proteinases, insulin degrading enzymes and beta-MPPs. The two histidines are thought to contribute two of the three residues for zinc binding. The expression of L. edodes beta-MPP is higher during the development of the fruiting bodies, suggesting that higher mitochondrial activities may be required to meet the energy demand in the rapid growth of the fruiting bodies.
Diego Morales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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isolation and comparison of α and β d glucans from shiitake mushrooms Lentinula edodes with different biological activities
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Cristina Solerrivas, Renata Rutckeviski, Marisol Villalva, Hellen Abreu, Susana Santoyo, Marcello Iacomini, Fhernanda R. SmiderleAbstract:A polysaccharide-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes was submitted to several purification steps to separate three different D-glucans with β-(1→6), β-(1→3),(1→6) and α-(1→3) linkages, being characterized through GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, SEC and colorimetric/fluorimetric determinations. Moreover, in vitro hypocholesterolemic, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also tested. Isolated glucans exerted HMGCR inhibitory activity, but only β-(1→6) and β-(1→3),(1→6) fractions showed DPPH scavenging capacity. Glucans were also able to lower IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by LPS-activated THP-1/M cells and showed cytotoxic effect on a breast cancer cell line that was not observed on normal breast cells. These in vitro results pointed important directions for further in vivo studies, showing different effects of each chemical structure of the isolated glucans from shiitake mushrooms.
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production of a β d glucan rich extract from shiitake mushrooms Lentinula edodes by an extraction microfiltration reverse osmosis nanofiltration process
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2019Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Fhernanda R. Smiderle, Adriana Jimenez Piris, Cristina Solerrivas, M ProdanovAbstract:Abstract A pilot-scale process combining extraction of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) powder in water (98 °C, 1 h), cross-flow microfiltration and reverse osmosis (nanofiltration) was performed to obtain β-glucan-rich extracts. Suspensions (45–80 L) obtained after 3 extractions were clarified by microfiltration reducing their turbidity to Industrial relevance This work describes a pilot-scale procedure for obtaining β- d -glucan-rich extracts from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushrooms). The extracts might be used in novel functional foods due to their high content in hypocholesterolemic compounds. The process combines extraction with boiling water, cross-flow membrane clarification and reverse osmosis/nanofiltration concentration of β- d -glucans. The procedure is scalable to industrial level.
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extraction of bioactive compounds against cardiovascular diseases from Lentinula edodes using a sequential extraction method
Biotechnology Progress, 2018Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Adriana Jimenez Piris, M Prodanov, Alejandro Ruizrodriguez, Cristina SolerrivasAbstract:Three extraction methods were sequentially combined to obtain fractions from Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushrooms) containing bioactive compounds against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fruiting bodies were first extracted with plain water, obtained residue was then submitted to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and remaining residue submitted to hot water extraction. Sequential design allowed reutilization of the nonextracted material as raw material for the successive extractions increasing extraction yields and separating interesting compounds. Obtained fractions contained different amounts of s-glucans, chitins, eritadenine, lenthionine, ergosterol, proteins/peptides and phenolic compounds conferring them different bioactivities. Water soluble fractions showed high antioxidant activities (ABTS+• and DPPH• scavenging capacity and reducing power), they were also able to inhibit one of the main enzymes involved in hypertension (angiotensin-I converting enzyme) and the key enzyme of cholesterol metabolism (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The latter inhibitory activity was also noticed in SFE extracts although ergosterol and other lipid-like molecules were isolated. Dietary fibers were separated in the third extraction. Therefore, with this sequential extraction procedure bioactive compounds against CVDs can be selectively separated from a single batch of shiitake powder. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:746-755, 2018.
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Vitamin D-enriched extracts obtained from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) by supercritical fluid extraction and UV-irradiation
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2017Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Alicia Gil-ramírez, Fhernanda R. Smiderle, Adriana Jimenez Piris, Alejandro Ruiz-rodríguez, Cristina Soler-rivasAbstract:Abstract The combination of supercritical fluid extraction followed by UV-irradiation resulted in an interesting strategy to obtain ergosterol- and Vitamin D 2 -enriched extracts from Lentinula edodes to design novel functional food. Extractions carried out following a specific experimental design pointed out that extraction yields and ergosterol concentrations were more influenced by pressure than by the extraction temperature although, high temperatures (55–75 °C) might induce transformation of ergosta-7,22-dienol and fungisterol into ergosterol. After extraction, the ergosterol-enriched extracts should be dissolved in methanol or ethanol and irradiated (25 °C, 4 cm) to partially transform ergosterol into vitamin D 2 . Irradiation at 365 nm was less effective than at 254 nm. The fastest transformation was obtained using a UV lamp covering the complete UV spectrum for a maximum of 1 h. However, this lamp also induced vitamin D 4 formation although in lower amounts than vitamin D 2 or lumisterol 2 while with irradiation at 254 nm most of ergosterol was transformed into vitamin D 2 .
Fhernanda R. Smiderle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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isolation and comparison of α and β d glucans from shiitake mushrooms Lentinula edodes with different biological activities
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Cristina Solerrivas, Renata Rutckeviski, Marisol Villalva, Hellen Abreu, Susana Santoyo, Marcello Iacomini, Fhernanda R. SmiderleAbstract:A polysaccharide-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes was submitted to several purification steps to separate three different D-glucans with β-(1→6), β-(1→3),(1→6) and α-(1→3) linkages, being characterized through GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, SEC and colorimetric/fluorimetric determinations. Moreover, in vitro hypocholesterolemic, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also tested. Isolated glucans exerted HMGCR inhibitory activity, but only β-(1→6) and β-(1→3),(1→6) fractions showed DPPH scavenging capacity. Glucans were also able to lower IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by LPS-activated THP-1/M cells and showed cytotoxic effect on a breast cancer cell line that was not observed on normal breast cells. These in vitro results pointed important directions for further in vivo studies, showing different effects of each chemical structure of the isolated glucans from shiitake mushrooms.
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production of a β d glucan rich extract from shiitake mushrooms Lentinula edodes by an extraction microfiltration reverse osmosis nanofiltration process
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2019Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Fhernanda R. Smiderle, Adriana Jimenez Piris, Cristina Solerrivas, M ProdanovAbstract:Abstract A pilot-scale process combining extraction of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) powder in water (98 °C, 1 h), cross-flow microfiltration and reverse osmosis (nanofiltration) was performed to obtain β-glucan-rich extracts. Suspensions (45–80 L) obtained after 3 extractions were clarified by microfiltration reducing their turbidity to Industrial relevance This work describes a pilot-scale procedure for obtaining β- d -glucan-rich extracts from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushrooms). The extracts might be used in novel functional foods due to their high content in hypocholesterolemic compounds. The process combines extraction with boiling water, cross-flow membrane clarification and reverse osmosis/nanofiltration concentration of β- d -glucans. The procedure is scalable to industrial level.
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Vitamin D-enriched extracts obtained from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) by supercritical fluid extraction and UV-irradiation
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2017Co-Authors: Diego Morales, Alicia Gil-ramírez, Fhernanda R. Smiderle, Adriana Jimenez Piris, Alejandro Ruiz-rodríguez, Cristina Soler-rivasAbstract:Abstract The combination of supercritical fluid extraction followed by UV-irradiation resulted in an interesting strategy to obtain ergosterol- and Vitamin D 2 -enriched extracts from Lentinula edodes to design novel functional food. Extractions carried out following a specific experimental design pointed out that extraction yields and ergosterol concentrations were more influenced by pressure than by the extraction temperature although, high temperatures (55–75 °C) might induce transformation of ergosta-7,22-dienol and fungisterol into ergosterol. After extraction, the ergosterol-enriched extracts should be dissolved in methanol or ethanol and irradiated (25 °C, 4 cm) to partially transform ergosterol into vitamin D 2 . Irradiation at 365 nm was less effective than at 254 nm. The fastest transformation was obtained using a UV lamp covering the complete UV spectrum for a maximum of 1 h. However, this lamp also induced vitamin D 4 formation although in lower amounts than vitamin D 2 or lumisterol 2 while with irradiation at 254 nm most of ergosterol was transformed into vitamin D 2 .
Xuewu Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Lentinula edodes-Derived Polysaccharide Alters the Spatial Structure of Gut Microbiota in Mice
2016Co-Authors: Xuewu ZhangAbstract:Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides possess many therapeutic characteristics, includ-ing anti-tumor and immuno-modulation. The gut microbes play a critical role in modulation of immune function. However, the impact of Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides on the gut microbes have not yet been explored. In this study, high-throughput pyrosequencing technique was employed to investigate the effects of a new heteropolysaccharide L2 from Lentinula edodes onmicrobiota diversity and composition of small intestine, cecum, colon and distal end of colon (feces) in mice. The results demonstrated that along mouse intestine the microbiota exhibit distinctly different space distribution. L2 treatment reduced the diversity and evenness of gut microbiota along the intestine, especially in the cecum and colon. In the fecal microbial communities, the decrease of Bacteroidetes by significantly increasing Proteobacteria were observed, which were characterized by the increasedHelicobacteraceae and reduced S24-7 at family level. SomeOTUs, corresponding toBacteroides acidifaciens, Alistipes andHelicobacter suncus, were found to be significantly increased in L2 treated-mice. In particular, 4 phyla Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes are exclusively present in L2-treated mice. This is helpful for further demonstrating healthy action mechanism of Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide L2
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Lentinula edodes derived polysaccharide alters the spatial structure of gut microbiota in mice
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Xuewu ZhangAbstract:Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides possess many therapeutic characteristics, including anti-tumor and immuno-modulation. The gut microbes play a critical role in modulation of immune function. However, the impact of Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides on the gut microbes have not yet been explored. In this study, high-throughput pyrosequencing technique was employed to investigate the effects of a new heteropolysaccharide L2 from Lentinula edodes on microbiota diversity and composition of small intestine, cecum, colon and distal end of colon (feces) in mice. The results demonstrated that along mouse intestine the microbiota exhibit distinctly different space distribution. L2 treatment reduced the diversity and evenness of gut microbiota along the intestine, especially in the cecum and colon. In the fecal microbial communities, the decrease of Bacteroidetes by significantly increasing Proteobacteria were observed, which were characterized by the increased Helicobacteraceae and reduced S24-7 at family level. Some OTUs, corresponding to Bacteroides acidifaciens, Alistipes and Helicobacter suncus, were found to be significantly increased in L2 treated-mice. In particular, 4 phyla Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes are exclusively present in L2-treated mice. This is helpful for further demonstrating healthy action mechanism of Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide L2.
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structure and immuno stimulating activities of a new heteropolysaccharide from Lentinula edodes
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Huidan Yan, Xuewu ZhangAbstract:In this study, a new heteropolysaccharide, here called L2, was separated from the fruit body of Lentinula edodes. Chemical and physical analyses indicated that L2 has a molecular weight of 26 KDa and consists of glucose (87.5%), galactose (9.6%), and arabinose (2.8%), but it does not possess a triple-helical conformation. Stimulation of the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells showed that L2 has significant immune activities involving toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Further studies demonstrated that the activities of L2 exhibited high stability in wide range of pH from 4.0 to 10.0, when the thermal processing temperature was below 121 °C. Our findings revealed that a new heteropolysaccharide without triple-helical conformation from Lentinula edodes shows immuno-stimulating activities involving TLR2 at modest pH and thermal processing conditions, which enable it to act as an active component in foods.