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Abdul Shukor Juraimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weed flora in rice field of Tanjung Karang costal area in Malaysia.
2020Co-Authors: M. A. Hakim, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mohd Razi Ismail, Ahmad Selamat, Mohamed Hanafi Musa, Parvez AnwarAbstract:The weed flora associated with rice crop in the coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia was studied. Through this research the competitive and harmful weeds of rice were identified, which could be helpful in planning their effective control and management. The research aimed to develop appropriate weed management technology on selected salt tolerant rice varieties as well as to develop package of production technologies for rice in coastal region of Tanjong Karang. A survey was conducted at 32 different rice fields in coastal area of Tanjong Karang in West Malaysia to identify most common and prevalent weeds associated with rice. Field survey was done according to the quantitative survey method by using 0.5 m x 0.5 m size quadrate with 20 samples from each field. A total of 39 different weed species belonging to 15 families were identified of which 23 were annual and 16 perennial; 10 grassy weeds, 9 sedges and 20 broadleaved weeds. Fimbristylis miliacea, Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloa Chinensis, E. colona, Jussia linifolia, Cyperus iria, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Limnocharis flava, Cyperus deformis and Oryza sativa L. (weedy rice) were most frequent species covering more than 50% of fields. Based on relative abundance indices, annuals were more dominant than perennials, Fimbristylis miliacea, Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloa Chinensis and E. colona were most prevalent and abundant species out of the 10 most dominant weed species in the coastal rice field of Tanjong Karang in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Efficacy of Herbicides on the Control Weeds and Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice under Minimal Water Conditions
Plant protection quarterly, 2020Co-Authors: Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mahfuza Begum, Mohamad Najib Mohd. YusofAbstract:Field experiments have been conducted at the MARDI Seberang Perai Research Station for two seasons: main season 2005/2006 (October - February) and offseason 2006 (March - September) to determine the efficacy of herbicides in controlling weeds and their subsequent effect on rice productivity. Ten herbicides widely used and available in the market have been evaluated singly, as mixtures and as sequential applications in direct seeded rice fields during critical period of weed competition under minimal water conditions of less than 2 cm water depth. In main season the hierarchical position of the four dominant weed species out of 10 species were Fimbristylis milliaceae > Ludwigia hyssopifolia > Leptochloa Chinensis > Echinochloa crus-galli, this was completely reverse to that of offseason where Echinochloa crus-galli > Leptochloa Chinensis > Fimbristylis milliaceae > Limnocharis flava. Seven of the eighteen treatments over the two cropping seasons showed better broad spectrum weed control, increased grain yields and better yield component indicators. Due to variation of the dominant weed infestation between seasons the potential treatments were pretilachlor followed by bentazon/MCPA (T2), cyhalofop-butyl + bensulfuron followed by bentazon/ MCPA (T4), bispyribac-sodium followed by bentazon/MCPA (T6), benthiocarb/ propanil followed by bentazon/MCPA (T8), penoxsulam + benthiocarb followed by bentazon/MCPA (T10), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl/safener + benthiocarb/ propanil followed by bentazon/MCPA (T12) and quinclorac + benthiocarb/propanil followed by bentazon/MCPA (T14) in main season and Pretilachlor followed by bentazon/MCPA (T2), bispyribac-sodium followed by bentazon/MCPA (T6) and penoxsulam + benthiocarb followed by bentazon/MCPA (T10) in off-season. Rice yield losses due to weed competition in unweeded treatments were 60% in main season and 54% in off-season. This experiment showed that sequential herbicide applications at the critical period of weed competition would give a better result compared to a single herbicide application.
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exserohilum monoceras potensinya untuk mengawal rumput miang Leptochloa Chinensis dalam tanaman padi tabur terus
Jurnal Teknologi, 2014Co-Authors: Mohd Nazri Baharon, J Kadir, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mohamad Hailmi Sajili, Nur Khairani Abu BakarAbstract:Potential of Exserohilum monoceras as mycoherbisid had been test for control Leptochloa Chinensis L. Ness. also known as red sprangletop. The use of E. monoceras solution with a concentration of 2.2 x 10 6 conidia / ml (first patogenicity test) and 13 x 10 6 conidia / ml (second patogenicity test) have caused outbreaks and eventually death in seedlings tested at four leaves stage for 15 days assessment. However, effect of E.monoceras on L. Chinensis in paddy fields gives the lower infection about 35% of outbreaks in the entire period of 10 days of assessment. Trials in the field showed no harms growth of L. Chinensis using E. monoceras .
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A comparison of weed communities of coastal rice fields in Peninsular Malaysia.
Journal of Environmental Biology, 2013Co-Authors: M. A. Hakim, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mohamed M. Hanafi, Ahmad SelamatAbstract:: A survey was conducted at 100 different rice fields in coastal areas of West Malaysia to identify most common and prevalent weeds associated with rice. Fields surveyed were done according to the quantitative survey method by using 0.5m x 0.5m size quadrate with 20 samples from each field. A total of 53 different weed species belong to 18 families were identified of which 32 annual and 21 perennial; 12 grassy, 13 sedges and 28 broadleaved weeds. Based on relative abundance the most prevalent and abundant weed species were selected in the coastal rice field. Among the 10 most abundant weed species, there were four grasses viz. Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloo Chinensis, Echinochloo colona, Oryza sotivo L. (weedy rice).; four sedges viz. Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus iria, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus grossus and two broadleaved weeds viz. Sphenocleo zeylonica, Jussiaea linifolio. Leptochloa Chinensis, E. crusgalli, F. miliocea, E. colona were more prevalent and abundant species out of the 10 most dominant weed species in the coastal rice field of Peninsular Malaysia.
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Effect of water regimes on germination of weed seeds in a Malaysian rice field
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2012Co-Authors: Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Parvez Anwar, Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-hamdani, A. R. Anuar, Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi, Kamal UddinAbstract:The effect of different water regime treatments on the viability of weed seeds in direct-seeded rice field was evaluated. Five water regime treatments were used namely, continuous flooding condition until maturity, early flooding until 55 DAS (day after sowing) followed by saturated condition until maturity, early flooding until 30 DAS followed by saturated condition until maturity, continuous saturated condition until maturity, and continuous field capacity condition throughout the experimental period. Total weed seed population in soil sampled from March-May. The results showed that weed population dominated by broadleaved weeds (90625 seeds m -2 ), mainly Hedyotis corymbosa , Monochoria vaginalis and Ludwigia hyssopifolia , followed by sedges (34257 seeds m -2 ), mostly F. miliacea and Cyperus iria . The grasses, predominantly Leptochloa Chinensis , recorded the lowest number in all water regime treatments (20647 seeds m -2 ). In soils sampled from September-November, sedges (53041 seeds m -2 ) mainly Fimbristylis miliacea along with broadleaved weeds (54624 seeds m -2 ), predominantly Monochoria vaginalis and Ceratopteris pteridoides , dominated in most of the water regime treatments, while grasses, mainly Leptochloa Chinensis and Panicum repens , recorded the lowest number (24935 seeds m -2 ). Ten weed species, which were not observed in the field trials, were recorded from the same soils used in the weed seedbank study. The results showed that differences in water regime treatments did not significantly reduce the viability of weed seeds in the soil. However, a small reduction in seed viability (approximately 8%) was observed in soil samples during the SeptemberNovember period. Keyword: Weed seedbank, water regimes, seeds viability. Abbreviations: DAS-Day After Sowing MARDI-Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute.
S P Mehra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of herbicides and submergence period on red sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis l nees in transplanted rice
Journal of research : Punjab Agricultural University, 2009Co-Authors: C S Aulakh, S P MehraAbstract:A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicides and submergence period on the growth behaviour of emerging weed Red Sprangletop [Leptochloa Chinensis (L.) Nees] in transplanted rice on a loamy sand soil during kharif 2003 and 2004 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in a split plot design with three submergence periods (one, two and three week after transplanting of rice) in the main plots and four herbicides (butachlor 1.5 kg, anilofos 0.375 kg, pretilachlor 0.75 kg and pyrazosulfuron 0.015 kg ha−1) along with an unweeded control in the sub plots. The two and three week submergence, though statistically at par, were significantly better than one-week submergence in registering better control of Leptochloa Chinensis by reducing its emergence, plant height, LAI and dry matter accumulation leading to higher grain yield of rice. The submergence of two and three week registered 46.7 and 48.1 per cent increase in grain yield of rice over the one week submergence, respectively. All the herbicides were statistically at par but were significantly better than the unweeded control in respect of growth parameters of L. Chinensis and grain yield of rice. The growth of L. Chinensis was not adversely affected by herbicides under one week submergence.
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nutrient uptake by red sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis l nees and transplanted rice under different cultural and weed management practices
Indian Journal of Weed science, 2008Co-Authors: C S Aulakh, S P MehraAbstract:The nutrient uptake by red sprangletop (Leptochloa Chinensis) and transplanted rice was studied under three off-season land management practices (raising green manure, undisturbed land and frequent cultivations after wheat harvest) in main plots with three crop plant densities (22, 33 and 44 hills/m2) and two weed management practices (pyrazosulfuron 0.015 kg/ha and two hand weedings) alongwith an unweeded control in sub plots. The frequent cultivations were able to significantly reduce the nutrient removal by the weed and increase the nutrient uptake by rice as compared to green manured and undisturbed land after wheat harvest, the latter two being at par. The increase in crop plant density from 22 to 44 hills/m2 reduced the nutrient removal by the weed and increased the nutrient uptake by rice. Two hand weedings and pyrazosulfuron 0.015 kg/ha were equally effective in reducing the nutrient removal by the weed and increased nutrient uptake by rice and were significantly better than the unweeded control.
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effect of temperature submergence and seed placement depths on germination behaviour of red sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis l nees
Indian Journal of Weed science, 2006Co-Authors: C S Aulakh, S P Mehra, R K BhatiaAbstract:One year old Leptochloa Chinensis seeds' germination ranged from 25 to 29% at temperatures ranging from 25° to 45°C. The fresh and two years' old seeds did not germinate irrespective of the temperature. Submergence periods ranging from 1 to 5 weeks were equally effective in preventing the seedling emergence during the period of submergence. However, at 15 days after the termination of each submergence, the seedling emergence was significantly less under more than two week submergence treatments than one week submergence. No seedling emerged beyond the submergence depth of 2.5 cm, whereas at 2.5 cm, 4.7% seedlings emerged from the soil but failed to emerge out of the water surface.
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integrated management of red sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis l nees in transplanted rice
Indian Journal of Weed science, 2006Co-Authors: C S Aulakh, S P MehraAbstract:The frequent cultivations were significantly better than growing green manure or keeping the field undisturbed after the harvest of wheat in reducing the weed population and dry matter accumulation by the weed and production of rice grain yield. The green manure and undisturbed treatments did not differ significantly among themselves in respect of these parameters. The increase in plant density from 22 to 44 hillslm2 registered a significant decrease in weed population and.weed dry matter accumulation but a significant increase in grain yield of rice. The application of pyrazosulfuron 0.015 kg/ha and two hand weedings were statistically on a par with each other but significantly better than unweeded control in controlling L. Chinensis and producing grain yield of rice.
Dong Liyao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies on life history and germination of Leptochloa Chinensis l nees in directly sowing rice field
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2005Co-Authors: Dong LiyaoAbstract:The life-history of Chinese sprangletop,Leptochloa Chinensis(L.)Nees was investigated in direct-sowing rice field under simulated conditions.The research of growth and development demonstrated that Chinese sprangletop seeded from June 1 to August 1 could burgeon,tassel and maturate,those sown on August 21 could burgeon and tassel,but the spikes were very small(the spike length was only 0.5 to 1 cm)and couldn′t reach mature,and those sown from September 12 to the later of October could only germinate,but couldn′t grow normally,and even died away.The reproductive period of Chinese sprangletops sown on June 1 and August 1 was 87 d and 62 d,respectively.The earlier the Chinese sprangletop was seeded,the longer its growing period was,and vice versa.The germination experiments in field under nature conditions showed that Chinese sprangletop seeds burgeoned from 4 d to 30 d after rice seeding,the culminating period of germination was during 610 d after rice seeding and the rate of germination was 41.26%.Manual removal of this weed could increase emergence percentage of the weed by 23.53%,but rainstorm could decrease the weed emergence due to deeper water in field.
Dong Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the eco economic threshold and the critical period for controlling Leptochloa Chinensis in direct sowing rice fields
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2003Co-Authors: Dong LiAbstract:The red sprangletop(RSL), Leptochloa Chinensis (L )Nees is a major weed in direct sowing rice fields.By studying the effect of RSL density on rice yield and its eco economic threshold,the function equations between the RSL density and rice effective panicle,kernel numbers per panicle,1 000 grain weight and loss of yield were established.The eco economic threshold model was deduced ,which is applicable in direct sowing rice fields.The results also suggested that the RSL could be controlled by spraying 30% pretilachlor EC,10% cyhalofop butyl EC and manual removing when the weed densities in fields reached to 0 73,1 51 and 3 47 plants·m -2 ,respectively.The investigation into the effects of different weed infested and weed free periods on rice yield and its components was also conducted in the direct sowing rice fields in which the RSL was the dominant weed.The results showed that the rates of yield loss increased with the extension of weed infested or the shortening of weed free period.The relationships between the rates of rice yield loss and weed infested and weed free days were the non liner ones significantly under the following two circumstances:the weed was freely grown after sowing first and then removed,and the weed was free from the fields for several days and then planted artificially.The critical control period of the weed was 740 days after seeding.
T S Chuah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of the biochemical and physiological activity of the natural compound, 2,4-ditert-butylphenol on weeds
Crop & Pasture Science, 2015Co-Authors: T S Chuah, M Z Norhafizah, B S IsmailAbstract:2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is a natural compounds present in medicinal plants. It is reported to have herbicidal properties. However, the mechanism of action is unknown for use in weed management. Measurements were made of lipid peroxidation, ion leakage, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis in the grassy weed Leptochloa Chinensis (L.) Nees and the broadleaf weed Hedyotis verticillata (L.) Lam. at 7 and 14 days, respectively, after treatment with 2,4-DTBP. The 2,4-DTBP reduced the shoot fresh weight of L. Chinensis and H. verticillata by 50% when applied at concentrations of 50 and 200 µg mL–1, respectively. Treatment with 2,4-DTBP significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde, caused excessive ion leakage and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in leaf and root tissues of the two bioassay species. Most notably, 2,4-DTBP treatment caused great reduction in chlorophyll content, thereby decreasing chlorophyll fluorescence, transpiration and net photosynthetic rate in the leaf tissues. The results suggest that 2,4-DTBP induces oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and membrane damage in root tissues and chloroplast in leaf tissues, thus leading to increased levels of antioxidant enzymes.
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phytotoxic effects of the extracts and compounds isolated from napiergrass pennisetum purpureum on chinese sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis germination and seedling growth in aerobic rice systems
Weed Science, 2014Co-Authors: T S Chuah, Zain Norhafizah, Sahid IsmailAbstract:Chinese sprangletop, a problematic weed in aerobic rice fields, has developed resistance to various groups of herbicides. In search of natural herbicides, the phytotoxic effects of napiergrass extracts on Chinese sprangletop were investigated. Phytotoxicity-directed extraction and fractionation of the culm plus leaves of napiergrass led to the isolation and identification of three major compounds: 2,4di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), cis-9-octadecenoic methyl ester (methyl oleate), and phthalic acid, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (MEHP). These compounds showed different degrees of inhibition against the tested bioassay species. 2,4-DTBP was the most potent of the three compounds and completely inhibited the germination of Chinese sprangletop at the concentration of 0.5 g L 21 , followed by MEHP, where 62% inhibition of germination was obtained. In contrast, methyl oleate showed only slight inhibition (, 10%) of germination. A soil bioassay further demonstrated that 2,4-DTBP is a strong inhibitor of root growth and completely prevented root growth of Chinese sprangletop at an application rate as low as 0.60 kg ai ha 21 . Under aerobic conditions, 2,4-DTBP at 2.4 kg ai ha 21 reduced the emergence and shoot fresh weight of Chinese sprangletop by more than 60%, with negligible effect on root and shoot growth of aerobic rice seedlings, suggesting that 2.4 kg ai ha 21 2,4-DTBP is the most suitable rate to control Chinese sprangletop without injuring rice seedlings. Reduction in shoot height of rice plant was evident at 0 d after sowing across 2,4-DTBP rates. However, the rice plants became less susceptible with increasing growth stages. The present findings imply that 2,4-DTBP may potentially be developed as a PRE soil-applied natural herbicide for control of Chinese sprangletop and perhaps other weeds in aerobic rice system. Nomenclature: Napiergrass, Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.; Chinese sprangletop, Leptochloa Chinensis (L.) Nees; aerobic rice, AERON, Oryza sativa L.
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potential of crude extract and isolated compounds from golden beard grass chrysopogon serrulatus for control of sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis in aerobic rice systems
Crop & Pasture Science, 2014Co-Authors: T S Chuah, H Y Oh, M Habsah, M Z Norhafizah, B S IsmailAbstract:Extraction and fractionation of the culm plus leaves of Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin. produce three major compounds, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diphenylamine, 4,4′-dioctyl and simiarenol, which potentially act as allelochemicals or phytotoxic compounds. The effects of these compounds were examined using Leptochloa Chinensis (L.) Nees as the bioassay species. The isolated compounds showed different degrees of inhibitory effects against L. Chinensis. Of the three, DBP was the most potent and was able to inhibit L. Chinensis germination by >70% at 500 mg L–1, followed by simiarenol and diphenylamine, 4,4′-dioctyl with inhibition values ranging from 40 to 52%. Under aerobic conditions, DBP at 2.4 kg a.i. ha–1 reduced the emergence and shoot fresh weight of L. Chinensis by >50%, with negligible effect on root and shoot growth of aerobic rice seedlings, suggesting this as the most suitable rate and compound to control L. Chinensis without injuring rice seedlings. At an application on the day of sowing rice seed, across DBP rates, reduction in root and shoot height of rice plants was evident when assessed 14 days after DBP treatment. However, rice plants become less susceptible with increasing growth stage. The findings suggest that DBP has potential to be developed as a pre-emergence, soil-applied natural herbicide for control of L. Chinensis in aerobic rice system.
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propanil resistance in sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis l nees caused by enhanced propanil detoxification
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2013Co-Authors: B S Ismail, B K Juliana, T S ChuahAbstract:The current study was conducted to elucidate the resistance mechanism of Leptochloa Chinensis by comparing the difference in metabolism, aryl acylamidase activity, and chlorophyll fluorescence between the propanil-resistant (R) and the propanil-susceptible (S) biotypes of L. Chinensis, using 4-week old seedlings. The concentration of propanil in the leaf and culm extracts of the R and S biotypes was found to increase after propanil treatment. The concentration of propanil in the leaf and culm extracts of the S biotype at 48 h was 12.23 and 5.49 μg mL −1 , respectively. However, a lower concentration of propanil was observed in the R biotype, compared to that in the S biotype. No residue of 3, 4-dichloroaniline was observed in the S biotype. In contrast the residue of 3, 4-dichloroaniline was detected in the leaf and culm extracts of the R biotype. The level of aryl acylamidase in the leaf tissue extracts of the R biotype was ~211% higher than that in the S biotype. The fluorescence studies showed that propanil inhibited the quantum efficiency of photosystem II in both the R and S biotypes after 2 h of incubation. However, when the leaf discs were transferred and incubated in deionized water for 48 h, the quantum efficiency increased in the R biotype but decreased in the S biotype. The results of the study suggest that propanil metabolism, enhanced by aryl acylamidase activity, is the most likely factor conferring the mechanism of propanil resistance in L. Chinensis plants at the 4-week growth stage.
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reduced rates of tank mixtures for red sprangletop Leptochloa Chinensis l nees and greater club rush scirpus grossus l f control in rice
Weed Biology and Management, 2006Co-Authors: T S Chuah, Binti Mohamad Maziah, Binti Mohamad Yusuf NuraziahAbstract:A study on the efficacy of tank-mix combinations on the growth of Leptochloa Chinensis (L.) Nees and Scirpus grossus (L.) f. at the 3-4-leaf stage was conducted under glasshouse conditions. Sethoxydim plus cyhalofop-butyl at 8 + 25, 16 + 25, 32 + 25, 32 + 12.5, and 32 + 6.25 g ai ha⁻¹ provided good control of L. Chinensis, ranging from 89-95%. However, a comparison of the costs of herbicide mixtures revealed that sethoxydim at 32 g ai ha⁻¹ plus cyhalofop-butyl at 6.25 g ai ha⁻¹ were the most cost-effective among the combinations. For Scirpus grossus, bensulfuron plus 2,4-D dimethylamine at 2.5 + 18, 5.0 + 18, 1.25 + 36, 2.5 + 36, and 5.0 + 36 g ai ha⁻¹ gave good control that ranged from 88-93%. Tank-mixing bensulfuron with 2,4-D at 1.25 + 36 g ai ha⁻¹ was, however, the most cost-effective mixture compared to the other mixtures. None of the tank mixtures tested in this study caused injury to the rice seedlings. However, further field studies need to be undertaken to verify these findings.