The Experts below are selected from a list of 42432 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria Savona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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innovation employment and skills in services firm and sectoral evidence
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2003Co-Authors: Rinaldo Evangelista, Maria SavonaAbstract:In this article the employment impact of innovation in the heterogeneous universe of services is investigated, using data provided by the 1993–1995 Italian innovation survey (CIS II). The empirical evidence presented shows that the “direct” impact of innovation on employment varies greatly according to the type of innovation strategy pursued by firms, across industries and according to the Level of Qualification of the labour force. High skilled and qualified jobs do replace low skilled jobs. Among small firms and in less than half of the service sectors considered the net effect is positive, particularly in industries which have a strong scientific and technological base. The negative impact of innovation on employment is on the contrary concentrated among large firms, capital intensive industries and in all financial-related sectors (banking, insurance and other financial services). In the latter industries the labour-saving effect of innovation seems to be linked to the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which have contributed to rationalise and increase labour productivity in an important section of services. In the case of Italy, an overall negative impact of innovation on employment has been found. This result is clearly affected by the de-specialisation of the Italian economy in the knowledge intensive services. From an innovation-policy perspective two lines of actions can be envisaged: one enhancing efficiency in the technologically laggard service sectors and a second one aiming at creating the conditions for the emergence and growth of knowledge-intensive branches. The evidence presented suggests that both these lines of policy action are important but also that the second one is likely to be more rewarding in terms of employment growth.
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The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Services: Evidence from Italy
International Review of Applied Economics, 2002Co-Authors: Rinaldo Evangelista, Maria SavonaAbstract:This article investigates the employment impact of innovation in services, using the data gathered through the 1993-95 Italian innovation survey. The empirical evidence shows that the impact of innovation on employment varies greatly across industries and according to the Level of Qualification of the labour force. Among small firms and in less than a half of the service sectors considered, the employment impact of innovation is positive, particularly in industries that have a strong scientific and technological base. A negative impact of innovation on employment is, on the contrary, found among large firms, capital-intensive industries and in all financial-related sectors (banking, insurance and other financial services). In these industries the labour-saving effect of innovation seems to be linked to the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which displace the least qualified employees. In the case of Italy, an overall negative impact of innovation on employment is found. It is argued that this result is affected by the Italian economy's specialisation in the most traditional service industries.
Pierre Cam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The French Baccalauréat Since 1985: Level of Qualification or type of diploma?
Assessment in Education: Principles Policy & Practice, 2001Co-Authors: Pierre CamAbstract:The French government adopted a policy of raising the education Level of young people following a vocational track in response to the growing problems this group was experiencing in entering the labour market. To achieve these ends, a new diploma was created, the 'bac professionnel'. In the French education system, the baccalaureat has traditionally operated as both a Level of education and a social barrier. The baccalaureat thus offers its holders both the chance to follow higher-Level studies and also access to middle and upper-middle class jobs. In creating a 'bac professionnel', the French government destroyed the barrier between the middle and the working classes and opened the university gates to young people who until then had been denied access. The effects of the policy have meant the 'massification' of higher education, but also a marked loss of clarity in the way upper Levels of education and training are organised, and, at company Level, the phenomenon of overqualified people in subordinate po...
Rinaldo Evangelista - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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innovation employment and skills in services firm and sectoral evidence
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2003Co-Authors: Rinaldo Evangelista, Maria SavonaAbstract:In this article the employment impact of innovation in the heterogeneous universe of services is investigated, using data provided by the 1993–1995 Italian innovation survey (CIS II). The empirical evidence presented shows that the “direct” impact of innovation on employment varies greatly according to the type of innovation strategy pursued by firms, across industries and according to the Level of Qualification of the labour force. High skilled and qualified jobs do replace low skilled jobs. Among small firms and in less than half of the service sectors considered the net effect is positive, particularly in industries which have a strong scientific and technological base. The negative impact of innovation on employment is on the contrary concentrated among large firms, capital intensive industries and in all financial-related sectors (banking, insurance and other financial services). In the latter industries the labour-saving effect of innovation seems to be linked to the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which have contributed to rationalise and increase labour productivity in an important section of services. In the case of Italy, an overall negative impact of innovation on employment has been found. This result is clearly affected by the de-specialisation of the Italian economy in the knowledge intensive services. From an innovation-policy perspective two lines of actions can be envisaged: one enhancing efficiency in the technologically laggard service sectors and a second one aiming at creating the conditions for the emergence and growth of knowledge-intensive branches. The evidence presented suggests that both these lines of policy action are important but also that the second one is likely to be more rewarding in terms of employment growth.
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The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Services: Evidence from Italy
International Review of Applied Economics, 2002Co-Authors: Rinaldo Evangelista, Maria SavonaAbstract:This article investigates the employment impact of innovation in services, using the data gathered through the 1993-95 Italian innovation survey. The empirical evidence shows that the impact of innovation on employment varies greatly across industries and according to the Level of Qualification of the labour force. Among small firms and in less than a half of the service sectors considered, the employment impact of innovation is positive, particularly in industries that have a strong scientific and technological base. A negative impact of innovation on employment is, on the contrary, found among large firms, capital-intensive industries and in all financial-related sectors (banking, insurance and other financial services). In these industries the labour-saving effect of innovation seems to be linked to the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which displace the least qualified employees. In the case of Italy, an overall negative impact of innovation on employment is found. It is argued that this result is affected by the Italian economy's specialisation in the most traditional service industries.
Nodir Xomid O’g’li Moydinov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE INFLUENCE of THE Qualification of REPAIR WORKERS ON THE EFFICIENCY of TECHNICAL OPERATION of AUTOMOBILES
Science Education, 2020Co-Authors: Saida Raxmatovna Mamatqulova, Doston Xasanboy O`g`li Nurmatov, Muhammadrashid Ilhomjon O`g`li Ergashev, Nodir Xomid O’g’li MoydinovAbstract:The article discusses methods for assessing the Level of Qualification of car service company repairmen to improve the reliability of car spare parts, problems related to quality control of cars after repair work at car service companies. Certification of vehicle maintenance and repair services is by far the most effective method for evaluating the quality of vehicle maintenance and repair services. Its principles, procedures, and requirements can serve as a basis for evaluating and controlling the quality of both a separate service market and a separate business entity.
Sara Connolly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Moving Down: Women`s Part-time Work and Occupational Change in Britain 1991-2001
2007Co-Authors: Mary Gregory, Sara ConnollyAbstract:The UK`s Equal Opportunities Commission has recently drawn attention to the `hidden brain drain` when women working part-time are employed in occupations below those for which they are qualified. These inferences were based on self-reporting. We give an objective and quantitative analysis of the nature of occupational change as women make the transition between full-time and part-time work. We construct an occupational classification which supports a ranking of occupations based on the average Level of Qualification of those employed there on a full-time basis. Using the NESPD and the BHPS for the period 1991-2001 we show that perhaps one-quarter of women moving from full- to part-time work move to an occupation at a lower Level of Qualification. Over 20 percent of professional women downgrade, half of them moving to low-skill jobs; two-thirds of nurses leaving nursing become care assistants; women from managerial positions are particularly badly affected. Women remaining with their current employer are much less vulnerable to downgrading, and the availability of part-time opportunities within the occupation is far more important than the presence of a pre-school child in determining whether a woman moves to a lower-Level occupation. These findings indicate a loss of economic efficiency through the underutilisation of the skills of many of the women who work part-time.
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moving down women s part time work and occupational change in britain 1991 2001
2007Co-Authors: Mary Gregory, Sara ConnollyAbstract:The UK`s Equal Opportunities Commission has recently drawn attention to the `hidden brain drain` when women working part-time are employed in occupations below those for which they are qualified. These inferences were based on self-reporting. We give an objective and quantitative analysis of the nature of occupational change as women make the transition between full-time and part-time work. We construct an occupational classification which supports a ranking of occupations based on the average Level of Qualification of those employed there on a full-time basis. Using the NESPD and the BHPS for the period 1991-2001 we show that perhaps one-quarter of women moving from full- to part-time work move to an occupation at a lower Level of Qualification. Over 20 percent of professional women downgrade, half of them moving to low-skill jobs; two-thirds of nurses leaving nursing become care assistants; women from managerial positions are particularly badly affected. Women remaining with their current employer are much less vulnerable to downgrading, and the availability of part-time opportunities within the occupation is far more important than the presence of a pre-school child in determining whether a woman moves to a lower-Level occupation. These findings indicate a loss of economic efficiency through the underutilisation of the skills of many of the women who work part-time.
