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Ying Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of Licorice flavonoids.
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Zhixin Zhang, Lin Yang, Jiaming Hou, Shaokai Tian, Ying LiuAbstract:Licorice has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of gastric, liver, and respiratory disease conditions for more than two thousand years. It is a major component of several Chinese patent medicines certificated by National Medical Products Administration that possess great anticancer activities. To comprehensively summarize the anticancer activities of Licorice flavonoids, explain the underlying molecular mechanisms, and assess their therapeutic potentials and side-effects. PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, academic journals, and Science Direct were used as information sources, with the key words of "anticancer", "Licorice", "flavonoids", and their combinations, mainly from 2000 to 2019. Sixteen Licorice flavonoids are found to possess anticancer activities. These flavonoids inhibit cancer cells through blocking cell cycle and regulating multiple signaling pathways. The major pathways targeted by Licorice flavonoids include: the MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, NF-κB pathway, death receptor - dependent extrinsic signaling pathway, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Licorice flavonoids are a group of versatile molecules that have pleiotropic effects on cell growth, survival and cell signaling. Many of the flavonoids possess inhibitory activities toward cancer cell growth and hence have a great therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. However, additional preclinical studies are still needed to assess their in vivo efficacy and possible toxicities. It is also imperative to evaluate the effects of Licorice flavonoids on the metabolism of other drugs and explore the potential synergistic mechanism. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The anti-diabetic activity of Licorice, a widely used Chinese herb.
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Lin Yang, Yu Jiang, Zhixin Zhang, Jiaming Hou, Shaokai Tian, Ying LiuAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance A great deal of valuable experience has been accumulated in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system for the treatment of “Xiaoke” disease which is known as diabetes mellitus now. As the most-commonly used Chinese herb, Licorice has been used in TCM for more than two thousand years. It is often used in combination with other herbs to treat metabolic disorders, especially diabetes mellitus. Aim of the study To summarize the characteristics, mechanisms, and clinical use of Licorice and its active components for treating diabetes mellitus. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Research Gate, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Academic Journals were used as information sources by the inclusion of the search terms ‘diabetes’, ‘Licorice’, ‘Licorice extracts’, ‘flavonoids’, ‘triterpenoids’, and their combinations, mainly from 2005 to 2019. Results Licorice extracts, five flavonoids and three triterpenoids isolated from Licorice possess great antidiabetic activities in vivo and in vitro. This was done by several mechanisms such as increasing the appetency and sensitivity of insulin receptor site to insulin, enhancing the use of glucose in different tissues and organs, clearing away the free radicals and resist peroxidation, correcting the metabolic disorder of lipid and protein, and improving microcirculation in the body. Multiple signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, AMPK, AGE-RAGE, MAPK, NF-кB, and NLRP3 signaling pathways, are targets of the Licorice compounds. Conclusion Licorice and its metabolites have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, a better understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms is needed for evaluating its efficacy and safety.
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The molecular identification of Licorice species and the quality evaluation of Licorice slices
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2017Co-Authors: Rui Yang, Shan Zhou, Yu-tao Xue, Rui-chao Lin, Ying LiuAbstract:Licorice is one of the most common herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, and classified as top grade in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. There are three different original plants of Licorice stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopeia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. However, previous investigation showed that the pharmacodynamic effects of the three Licorices were quite different. It is very difficult to identify them by the classical identification methods. In order to establish a fast and effective identification method, we collected 240 Licorice plants from 21 populations of 7 provinces, and amplified their ITS and psbA-trnH sequences. ITS sequences with a full length of 616 bp and psbA-trnH sequences with a full length of 389 bp were obtained separately. Using DNAMAN to analyze these sequences, 4 variable sites were found in ITS sequences and 2 ITS haplotypes were determined, and 3 variable sites were found in psbA-trnH sequences and 4 psbA-trnH haplotypes were determined. With the combination analysis of ITS and psbA-trnH sequences, the molecular identification method of original Licorice was established. Using this method, 40 samples of Licorice slices collected from 4 main herbal material markets in China were identified successfully. Furthermore, the contents of 2 triterpenes, 18α-glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhizic acid, and 4 flavonoids, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in these Licorice pieces were examined by HPLC and the results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. This study provides a new method in identification of Licorice, which may serve as a guideline for quality control of Licorice slices.
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The anti-inflammatory activity of Licorice, a widely used Chinese herb.
Pharmaceutical biology, 2016Co-Authors: Rui Yang, Shan Zhou, Bochuan Yuan, Ying LiuAbstract:Increasing incidence and impact of inflammatory diseases have encouraged the search of new pharmacological strategies to face them. Licorice has been used to treat inflammatory diseases since ancient times in China. To summarize the current knowledge on anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of compounds isolated from Licorice, to introduce the traditional use, modern clinical trials and officially approved drugs, to evaluate the safety and to obtain new insights for further research of Licorice. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and ResearchGate were information sources for the search terms 'Licorice', 'Licorice metabolites', 'anti-inflammatory', 'triterpenoids', 'flavonoids' and their combinations, mainly from year 2010 to 2016 without language restriction. Studies were selected from Science Citation Index journals, in vitro studies with Jadad score less than 2 points and in vivo and clinical studies with experimental flaws were excluded. Two hundred and ninety-five papers were searched and 93 papers were reviewed. Licorice extract, 3 triterpenes and 13 flavonoids exhibit evident anti-inflammatory properties mainly by decreasing TNF, MMPs, PGE2 and free radicals, which also explained its traditional applications in stimulating digestive system functions, eliminating phlegm, relieving coughing, nourishing qi and alleviating pain in TCM. Five hundred and fifty-four drugs containing Licorice have been approved by CFDA. The side effect may due to the cortical hormone like action. Licorice and its natural compounds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities. More pharmacokinetic studies using different models with different dosages should be carried out, and the maximum tolerated dose is also critical for clinical use of Licorice extract and purified compounds.
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The Pharmacological Activities of Licorice
Planta medica, 2015Co-Authors: Rui Yang, Bochuan Yuan, Li-qiang Wang, Ying LiuAbstract:Licorice is one of the oldest and most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. In recent years, a lot of studies have reported that the active compounds isolated from Licorice possess antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and several other activities that contribute to the recovery and protection of the nervous, alimentary, respiratory, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. In this paper, nine different pharmacological activities of Licorice are summarized. The active compounds responsible for these pharmacological activities, the molecular mechanisms, and in vivo and in vitro studies are listed in detail. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutics and toxicity studies of Licorice are also discussed. We hope this work can provide a basis for further studies concerning with the safe and effective use of Licorice.
Daniel Grenier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro dental diseases
Oral Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Céline Messier, Francesco Epifano, S. Genovese, Daniel GrenierAbstract:Licorice, the name given to the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used since ancient times as a traditional herbal remedy. Licorice contains several classes of secondary metabolites with which numerous human health benefits have been associated. Recent research suggests that Licorice and its bioactive ingredients such as glycyrrhizin, glabridin, licochalcone A, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A possess potential beneficial effects in oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of Licorice and Licorice constituents on both the oral microbial pathogens and the host immune response involved in common ora-dental diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers). It also summarizes results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of Licorice and its constituents for preventing/treating oro-dental diseases.
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Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro‐dental diseases
Oral diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Céline Messier, Francesco Epifano, S. Genovese, Daniel GrenierAbstract:Licorice, the name given to the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used since ancient times as a traditional herbal remedy. Licorice contains several classes of secondary metabolites with which numerous human health benefits have been associated. Recent research suggests that Licorice and its bioactive ingredients such as glycyrrhizin, glabridin, licochalcone A, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A possess potential beneficial effects in oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of Licorice and Licorice constituents on both the oral microbial pathogens and the host immune response involved in common ora-dental diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers). It also summarizes results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of Licorice and its constituents for preventing/treating oro-dental diseases.
Hossein Hosseinzadeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review
Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2017Co-Authors: Somayeh Nazari, Maryam Rameshrad, Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been considered as an herbal drug since ancient time. Nowadays, it is a well-known spice that possesses worth pharmacological effects. However, some relevant articles have revealed negative impacts of Licorice in health. By considering the great wishes in using herbal medicine, it is important to show adverse effects of herbal medicine in health. At present, there are misunderstandings toward the safety of herbal medicines. Herein, we gathered scientific research projects on the toxicity effects of Licorice and glycyrrhizin to highlight their safety. In this regards, we categorized our findings about the toxicity effects of Licorice and glycyrrhizin in acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic, and chronic states. Besides, we discussed on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of Licorice and glycyrrhizin as well as their developmental toxicity. This review disclosed that G. glabra and glycyrrhizin salts are moderately toxic. They need to be used with caution during pregnancy. G. glabra and glycyrrhizin possess selective cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells. The most important side effects of Licorice and glycyrrhizin are hypertension and hypokalemic-induced secondary disorders. Licorice side effects are increased by hypokalemia, prolonged gastrointestinal transient time, decreased type 2 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities, hypertension, anorexia nervosa, old age, and female sex. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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review of pharmacological effects of glycyrrhiza sp and its bioactive compounds
Phytotherapy Research, 2008Co-Authors: Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:The roots and rhizomes of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) species have long been used worldwide as a herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from Licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. This review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical and adverse effects of Licorice and its bioactive components. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Céline Messier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro dental diseases
Oral Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Céline Messier, Francesco Epifano, S. Genovese, Daniel GrenierAbstract:Licorice, the name given to the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used since ancient times as a traditional herbal remedy. Licorice contains several classes of secondary metabolites with which numerous human health benefits have been associated. Recent research suggests that Licorice and its bioactive ingredients such as glycyrrhizin, glabridin, licochalcone A, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A possess potential beneficial effects in oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of Licorice and Licorice constituents on both the oral microbial pathogens and the host immune response involved in common ora-dental diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers). It also summarizes results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of Licorice and its constituents for preventing/treating oro-dental diseases.
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Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro‐dental diseases
Oral diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Céline Messier, Francesco Epifano, S. Genovese, Daniel GrenierAbstract:Licorice, the name given to the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used since ancient times as a traditional herbal remedy. Licorice contains several classes of secondary metabolites with which numerous human health benefits have been associated. Recent research suggests that Licorice and its bioactive ingredients such as glycyrrhizin, glabridin, licochalcone A, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A possess potential beneficial effects in oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of Licorice and Licorice constituents on both the oral microbial pathogens and the host immune response involved in common ora-dental diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers). It also summarizes results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of Licorice and its constituents for preventing/treating oro-dental diseases.
Rui Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The molecular identification of Licorice species and the quality evaluation of Licorice slices
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2017Co-Authors: Rui Yang, Shan Zhou, Yu-tao Xue, Rui-chao Lin, Ying LiuAbstract:Licorice is one of the most common herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, and classified as top grade in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. There are three different original plants of Licorice stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopeia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. However, previous investigation showed that the pharmacodynamic effects of the three Licorices were quite different. It is very difficult to identify them by the classical identification methods. In order to establish a fast and effective identification method, we collected 240 Licorice plants from 21 populations of 7 provinces, and amplified their ITS and psbA-trnH sequences. ITS sequences with a full length of 616 bp and psbA-trnH sequences with a full length of 389 bp were obtained separately. Using DNAMAN to analyze these sequences, 4 variable sites were found in ITS sequences and 2 ITS haplotypes were determined, and 3 variable sites were found in psbA-trnH sequences and 4 psbA-trnH haplotypes were determined. With the combination analysis of ITS and psbA-trnH sequences, the molecular identification method of original Licorice was established. Using this method, 40 samples of Licorice slices collected from 4 main herbal material markets in China were identified successfully. Furthermore, the contents of 2 triterpenes, 18α-glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhizic acid, and 4 flavonoids, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in these Licorice pieces were examined by HPLC and the results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. This study provides a new method in identification of Licorice, which may serve as a guideline for quality control of Licorice slices.
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The anti-inflammatory activity of Licorice, a widely used Chinese herb.
Pharmaceutical biology, 2016Co-Authors: Rui Yang, Shan Zhou, Bochuan Yuan, Ying LiuAbstract:Increasing incidence and impact of inflammatory diseases have encouraged the search of new pharmacological strategies to face them. Licorice has been used to treat inflammatory diseases since ancient times in China. To summarize the current knowledge on anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of compounds isolated from Licorice, to introduce the traditional use, modern clinical trials and officially approved drugs, to evaluate the safety and to obtain new insights for further research of Licorice. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and ResearchGate were information sources for the search terms 'Licorice', 'Licorice metabolites', 'anti-inflammatory', 'triterpenoids', 'flavonoids' and their combinations, mainly from year 2010 to 2016 without language restriction. Studies were selected from Science Citation Index journals, in vitro studies with Jadad score less than 2 points and in vivo and clinical studies with experimental flaws were excluded. Two hundred and ninety-five papers were searched and 93 papers were reviewed. Licorice extract, 3 triterpenes and 13 flavonoids exhibit evident anti-inflammatory properties mainly by decreasing TNF, MMPs, PGE2 and free radicals, which also explained its traditional applications in stimulating digestive system functions, eliminating phlegm, relieving coughing, nourishing qi and alleviating pain in TCM. Five hundred and fifty-four drugs containing Licorice have been approved by CFDA. The side effect may due to the cortical hormone like action. Licorice and its natural compounds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities. More pharmacokinetic studies using different models with different dosages should be carried out, and the maximum tolerated dose is also critical for clinical use of Licorice extract and purified compounds.
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The Pharmacological Activities of Licorice
Planta medica, 2015Co-Authors: Rui Yang, Bochuan Yuan, Li-qiang Wang, Ying LiuAbstract:Licorice is one of the oldest and most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. In recent years, a lot of studies have reported that the active compounds isolated from Licorice possess antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and several other activities that contribute to the recovery and protection of the nervous, alimentary, respiratory, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. In this paper, nine different pharmacological activities of Licorice are summarized. The active compounds responsible for these pharmacological activities, the molecular mechanisms, and in vivo and in vitro studies are listed in detail. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutics and toxicity studies of Licorice are also discussed. We hope this work can provide a basis for further studies concerning with the safe and effective use of Licorice.
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The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of Licorice, a widely-used Chinese herb.
Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 2015Co-Authors: Li-qiang Wang, Ying Liu, Rui Yang, Bochuan Yuan, Chun-sheng LiuAbstract:Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from Licorice. Recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. This paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of Licorice. The active components and the possible mechanisms for these activities are summarized in detail. This review will be helpful for the further studies of Licorice for its potential therapeutic effects as an antiviral or an antimicrobial agent.