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James L. Cook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Histologic evidence for a humoral immune response in synovitis associated with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease in dogs.
Veterinary surgery : VS, 2021Co-Authors: Keiichi Kuroki, Ned Williams, James L. CookAbstract:To investigate histopathological features of synovium from dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) to seek mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with CCLD. Retrospective, single-institution case series. Thirty client-owned dogs. Synovial biopsies (n = 30) obtained from stifles with CCLD were assessed by using two synovitis histopathology grading systems (Krenn and Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS]). The Krenn synovitis score was interpreted as "no synovitis," "low-grade," or "high-grade," while inflammatory subtype (low, mixed, or high) was determined by a computational algorithm within the HSS system. Comparison of synovitis scores was based on degree of CCL rupture and presence of meniscal tears. Histopathological changes and synovitis scores were similar regardless of degree of rupture (partial n = 5, complete n = 25) or presence of meniscal injury (n = 12) and were characterized by hyperplastic and lymphoplasmacytic synovitis with increased vascularity (30/30) and the presence of hemosiderin deposits (28/30), binucleated plasma cells (28/30), mucoid change (25/30), and Mott cells (16/30). Thirteen (43%) specimens were consistent with high-grade synovitis according to the Krenn system, while 11 (37%) specimens fit into the high-inflammatory subtype with the HSS system. Synovitis associated with canine CCLD in this study population was lymphoplasmacytic and was often highly inflammatory, with the presence of cells pertaining to humoral immunity. Humoral immune responses may play key roles in the synovitis associated with CCLD. Modulation of biological factors that provoke humoral immune responses may mitigate symptoms of OA that persist and progress even after surgical treatment of CCLD in dogs. © 2021 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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histologic evidence for a humoral immune response in synovitis associated with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease in dogs
Veterinary Surgery, 2021Co-Authors: Keiichi Kuroki, Ned Williams, James L. CookAbstract:OBJECTIVE To investigate histopathological features of synovium from dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) to seek mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with CCLD. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, single-institution case series. ANIMALS Thirty client-owned dogs. METHODS Synovial biopsies (n = 30) obtained from stifles with CCLD were assessed by using two synovitis histopathology grading systems (Krenn and Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS]). The Krenn synovitis score was interpreted as "no synovitis," "low-grade," or "high-grade," while inflammatory subtype (low, mixed, or high) was determined by a computational algorithm within the HSS system. Comparison of synovitis scores was based on degree of CCL rupture and presence of meniscal tears. RESULTS Histopathological changes and synovitis scores were similar regardless of degree of rupture (partial n = 5, complete n = 25) or presence of meniscal injury (n = 12) and were characterized by hyperplastic and lymphoplasmacytic synovitis with increased vascularity (30/30) and the presence of hemosiderin deposits (28/30), binucleated plasma cells (28/30), mucoid change (25/30), and Mott cells (16/30). Thirteen (43%) specimens were consistent with high-grade synovitis according to the Krenn system, while 11 (37%) specimens fit into the high-inflammatory subtype with the HSS system. CONCLUSION Synovitis associated with canine CCLD in this study population was lymphoplasmacytic and was often highly inflammatory, with the presence of cells pertaining to humoral immunity. Humoral immune responses may play key roles in the synovitis associated with CCLD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Modulation of biological factors that provoke humoral immune responses may mitigate symptoms of OA that persist and progress even after surgical treatment of CCLD in dogs.
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Histologic assessment of Ligament vascularity and synovitis in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease.
American journal of veterinary research, 2019Co-Authors: Keiichi Kuroki, Ned Williams, Hitoshi Ikeda, Chantelle C. Bozynski, Emily Leary, James L. CookAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between histologic degeneration of cranial cruciate Ligaments (CCLs) and severity of synovitis and Ligament vascularity. SAMPLE: CCL and synovium from 59 stifl...
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Tibial plateau angle in four common canine breeds with cranial cruciate Ligament rupture, and its relationship to meniscal tears.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Guastella, James L. CookAbstract:Objectives: To compare tibial plateau angle (TPA) among Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, Boxers, and German Shepherd Dogs that had undergone tibial plateau leveling osteotomies (TPLO) for cranial cruciate Ligament Disease, and to determine if higher TPAs are associated with increased risk for concurrent meniscal injury. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 275 client-owned dogs of one of the four aforementioned breeds that received TPLO radiographs between 1999 and 2005 prior to undergoing the TPLO procedure. The TPA measured by the original surgeon was compared among four breeds and analyzed with respect to presence or absence of meniscal injury diagnosed via arthroscopy or arthrotomy at the time of surgery. Results: Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, Boxers, and German Shepherd Dogs had mean TPAs of 25.9o, 26.2o, 25.9o, and 28.2o, respectively. The TPA of German Shepherd Dogs was significantly higher than that of the other breeds of dogs examined. TPA higher than the mean for dogs in this study did not significantly increase the risk for concurrent meniscal injury. Clinical significance: German Shepherd Dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease had a significantly higher TPA compared to the other breeds examined. Higher TPA did not increase the likelihood of meniscal tears in this study. However, several variables that were not assessed, including the degree of cranial cruciate Ligament integrity at the time of surgery and the time between original CrCL deficiency and surgical assessment, could have affected this analysis.
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incidence and type of meniscal injury and associated long term clinical outcomes in dogs treated surgically for cranial cruciate Ligament Disease
Veterinary Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Meghan E. Ritzo, Brandon Ritzo, Adrienne D. Siddens, Stephanie Summerlott, James L. CookAbstract:Objective To evaluate factors related to meniscal pathology and their effect on clinical outcome in dogs treated for cranial cruciate Ligament (CCL) Disease. Study Design Prospective cross-sectional study. Animals Dogs (n = 163) with CCL Disease (n = 223 stifles). Methods CCL Disease was treated by (1) arthroscopy and TightRope (TR) stabilization; (2) arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO); or (3) open arthrotomy and TPLO. Incidences of concurrent and subsequent meniscal tears, meniscal treatments, mid-(6 months) and long-(>1 year) term outcomes by owner assessment were compared among surgical treatment groups. Results Concurrent meniscal tears were diagnosed in 83% of stifles assessed by arthroscopy and 44% of stifles assessed by arthrotomy, with concurrent tear diagnosis being 1.9 times more likely by arthroscopy than arthrotomy (P < .001). Incidence of diagnosis of subsequent meniscal tears was 6.7% with median time to diagnosis of 5.8 months. Differences in proportion of subsequent meniscal tears among treatment groups were not significant (P = .69). Subsequent meniscal tears were diagnosed in 21% of cases without concurrent meniscal tears, but only 1.3% of cases with concurrent meniscal tears (P < .001). Cases treated with meniscal release did not have subsequent meniscal tears, whereas dogs not treated with meniscal release had a subsequent meniscal tear rate of 11% (P = .0013). Cases diagnosed and treated for concurrent meniscal tears were 1.3 times more likely to have a successful long-term outcome (P = .007). Conclusions CCL surgical technique did not affect subsequent meniscal tear rate or mid-term or long-term functional outcomes, whereas diagnosis and treatment of concurrent meniscal tears did significantly affect both.
Rory J. Todhunter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic mapping of distal femoral, stifle, and tibial radiographic morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease.
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: Eleni Healey, Kei Hayashi, Rachel J. Murphy, Jessica J. Hayward, Marta Castelhano, Adam R. Boyko, Ursula Krotscheck, Rory J. TodhunterAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) is a complex trait. Ten measurements were made on orthogonal distal pelvic limb radiographs of 161 pure and mixed breed dogs with, and 55 without, cranial cruciate partial or complete Ligament rupture. Dogs with CCLD had significantly smaller infrapatellar fat pad width, higher average tibial plateau angle, and were heavier than control dogs. The first PC weightings captured the overall size of the dog’s stifle and PC2 weightings reflected an increasing tibial plateau angle coupled with a smaller fat pad width. Of these dogs, 175 were genotyped, and 144,509 polymorphisms were used in a genome-wide association study with both a mixed linear and a multi-locus model. For both models, significant (pgenome
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genetic mapping of distal femoral stifle and tibial radiographic morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Eleni Healey, Kei Hayashi, Rachel J. Murphy, Jessica J. Hayward, Marta Castelhano, Adam R. Boyko, Ursula Krotscheck, Rory J. TodhunterAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) is a complex trait. Ten measurements were made on orthogonal distal pelvic limb radiographs of 161 pure and mixed breed dogs with, and 55 without, cranial cruciate partial or complete Ligament rupture. Dogs with CCLD had significantly smaller infrapatellar fat pad width, higher average tibial plateau angle, and were heavier than control dogs. The first PC weightings captured the overall size of the dog’s stifle and PC2 weightings reflected an increasing tibial plateau angle coupled with a smaller fat pad width. Of these dogs, 175 were genotyped, and 144,509 polymorphisms were used in a genome-wide association study with both a mixed linear and a multi-locus model. For both models, significant (pgenome <3.46×10−7 for the mixed and< 6.9x10-8 for the multilocus model) associations were found for PC1, tibial diaphyseal length and width, fat pad base length, and femoral and tibial condyle width at LCORL, a known body size-regulating locus. Other body size loci with significant associations were growth hormone 1 (GH1), which was associated with the length of the fat pad base and the width of the tibial diaphysis, and a region on CFAX near IRS4 and ACSL4 in the multilocus model. The tibial plateau angle was associated significantly with a locus on CFA10 in the linear mixed model with nearest candidate genes BET1 and MYH9 and on CFA08 near candidate genes WDHD1 and GCH1. MYH9 has a major role in osteoclastogenesis. Our study indicated that tibial plateau slope is associated with CCLD and a compressed infrapatellar fat pad, a surrogate for stifle osteoarthritis. Because of the association between tibial plateau slope and CCLD, and pending independent validation, these candidate genes for tibial plateau slope may be tested in breeds susceptible to CCLD before they develop Disease or are bred.
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Imputation of canine genotype array data using 365 whole-genome sequences improves power of genome-wide association studies.
PLoS genetics, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica J. Hayward, Marta Castelhano, Michelle E. White, Michael Boyle, Laura M. Shannon, Margret L. Casal, Vicki N. Meyers-wallen, Kenneth W. Simpson, Nathan B. Sutter, Rory J. TodhunterAbstract:Genomic resources for the domestic dog have improved with the widespread adoption of a 173k SNP array platform and updated reference genome. SNP arrays of this density are sufficient for detecting genetic associations within breeds but are underpowered for finding associations across multiple breeds or in mixed-breed dogs, where linkage disequilibrium rapidly decays between markers, even though such studies would hold particular promise for mapping complex Diseases and traits. Here we introduce an imputation reference panel, consisting of 365 diverse, whole-genome sequenced dogs and wolves, which increases the number of markers that can be queried in genome-wide association studies approximately 130-fold. Using previously genotyped dogs, we show the utility of this reference panel in identifying potentially novel associations, including a locus on CFA20 significantly associated with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease, and fine-mapping for canine body size and blood phenotypes, even when causal loci are not in strong linkage disequilibrium with any single array marker. This reference panel resource will improve future genome-wide association studies for canine complex Diseases and other phenotypes.
Dominique J. Griffon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of a scoring system based on conformation factors to predict cranial cruciate Ligament Disease in Labrador Retrievers.
Veterinary surgery : VS, 2016Co-Authors: Dominique J. Griffon, Wanda J. Gordon-evans, Devin P. Cunningham, Rei Tanaka, K. A. Bruecker, Randy J. BoudrieauAbstract:Objective To determine the association of a radiographic score derived from tibial plateau angle (TPA) and femoral anteversion (FAA) with an outcome of cranial cruciate Ligament deficiency (CCLD) in large dogs. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Animals 167 Labrador Retrievers. Methods Hind limbs of sound Labrador Retrievers over 6 years of age were considered at low risk for CCLD. Limbs were considered high risk for CCLD if they were affected or predisposed (sound contralateral limb in dogs with unilateral CCLD). The radiographic CCLD score was calculated for each limb. The TPA, FAA, and CCLD scores were compared between limbs of the same dog and between risk categories. A contingency table was used to evaluate the association of the CCLD score with the CCLD status of limbs. Results TPA, FAA, and CCLD scores were greater in limbs categorized as high risk for CCLD than in normal limbs. The sensitivity and specificity of the CCLD score was 87% and 79%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 92% and the negative predictive value was 69%. Scores were similar between paired right and left limbs, but did not agree for predicted status in 14/106 dogs. Discussion Our study supports an association between TPA, FAA, and CCLD in Labrador Retrievers. The negative predictive value of the CCLD score supports its application for screening dogs considered at low risk for CCLD. Positive CCLD scores should be interpreted with caution and the status of a dog may be undetermined if scores obtained on each limb disagree.
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radiographic evaluation of femoral torsion and correlation with computed tomographic techniques in labrador retrievers with and without cranial cruciate Ligament Disease
Veterinary Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Ayman A. Mostafa, Dominique J. Griffon, Michael W. Thomas, Peter D. ConstableAbstract:Objectives To (1) develop a technique to determine the anteversion angle (AA) of the femur on a single radiograph; (2) determine the correlation between this technique and other published radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) methods; and (3) compare the diagnostic outcome of these methods in determining the level at which femoral torsion occurred in Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate Ligament (CCL) deficiency. Study Design Cross-sectional clinical study. Animals Mature pure-bred Labrador Retrievers (n = 30). Methods Pelvic limbs (n = 28) of 14 dogs without CCL deficiency were classified as control, whereas limbs of 16 dogs (18 limbs) with CCL deficiency were considered as Diseased. Femoral torsion was evaluated using radiography and CT and variables were compared among limb groups by use of a mixed-model ANOVA, with P < .05 considered significant. Results There was a significant association between biplanar and lateral plane AAs but neither correlated with CT assessment of femoral torsion. On CT, a significant correlation was identified between overall AA and each of the distal, proximal, and femoral head trochanteric angles. Biplanar and lateral plane AAs did not differ between normal and CCL deficient limbs. On CT, overall and distal AAs were increased in CCL deficient limbs compared to control. Conclusion Biplanar determination of femoral torsion can be estimated based on a single lateral radiograph but the results will be inaccurate as only CT identified and localized the site of femoral torsion.
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Radiographic Evaluation of Femoral Torsion and Correlation With Computed Tomographic Techniques in Labrador Retrievers With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Veterinary surgery : VS, 2014Co-Authors: Ayman A. Mostafa, Dominique J. Griffon, Michael W. Thomas, Peter D. ConstableAbstract:Objectives To (1) develop a technique to determine the anteversion angle (AA) of the femur on a single radiograph; (2) determine the correlation between this technique and other published radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) methods; and (3) compare the diagnostic outcome of these methods in determining the level at which femoral torsion occurred in Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate Ligament (CCL) deficiency. Study Design Cross-sectional clinical study. Animals Mature pure-bred Labrador Retrievers (n = 30). Methods Pelvic limbs (n = 28) of 14 dogs without CCL deficiency were classified as control, whereas limbs of 16 dogs (18 limbs) with CCL deficiency were considered as Diseased. Femoral torsion was evaluated using radiography and CT and variables were compared among limb groups by use of a mixed-model ANOVA, with P
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Risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of clinical findings for meniscal Disease in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease.
Veterinary surgery : VS, 2014Co-Authors: Dayle E. Dillon, Carrie L Bubb, Kim M Knap, Dominique J. Griffon, Wanda J. Gordon-evans, Richard B EvansAbstract:Objective To determine the risk factors for meniscal Disease and diagnostic accuracy of physical examination in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament (CCL) deficiency. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Animals Stifles (n = 80) of dogs with CCL deficiency. Methods Each dog was evaluated preoperatively for factors that may increase the risk of, or aid in the diagnosis of meniscal Disease including presence of pain on extension and flexion of the affected stifle, range of motion during flexion and extension, thigh circumference, positive cranial-drawer test, positive tibial compression test, tibial plateau angle, complete tear of the CCL, presence of a meniscal click, and gait analysis. Odds ratios were calculated for each of the factors and a multivariate approach was used to create an ROC curve. Subsequent sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of clinical tests. Results Dogs with pain upon flexion of the stifle were 4.3 times more likely to have medial meniscal Disease than those without flexion pain and dogs with a complete CCL tear were 9.6 times more likely to have medial meniscal Disease than those with partial tears. A meniscal click increased the likelihood of medial meniscal Disease by a factor of 11.3. The diagnostic accuracy using a meniscal click and pain upon stifle flexion was 76%. Conclusion Combining the presence of a meniscal click and pain during flexion of the stifle provide a more accurate diagnosis of medial meniscal Disease in dogs with CCL Disease over individual examination variables.
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comparison of lateral fabellar suture and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy techniques for treatment of dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2013Co-Authors: Wanda J Gordonevans, Carrie L Bubb, Kim M Knap, Meghan Sullivan, Dominique J. Griffon, Richard B EvansAbstract:Objective—To compare 1-year outcomes after lateral fabellar suture stabilization (LFS) and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for the treatment of dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease. Design—Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial. Animals—80 dogs with naturally occurring unilateral cranial cruciate Ligament Disease. Procedures—All dogs were randomly assigned to undergo LFS (n = 40) or TPLO (40). Clinical data collected included age, weight, body condition score, history information, stifle joint instability, radiographic findings, surgical findings, and complications. Outcome measures were determined prior to surgery and at 6 and 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months after surgery, including values of pressure platform gait analysis variables, Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores, owner satisfaction ratings, thigh circumference, and stifle joint goniometry values. Results—Signalment and data for possible confounding variables were similar between groups. Peak vertical force of affected hind limbs...
Kei Hayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Scores of the Canine Stifle Joint with Naturally Occurring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease.
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2020Co-Authors: Kimberly A. Agnello, Kei Hayashi, Dorothy Cimino BrownAbstract:Objective This study aimed to evaluate frequency, location and severity of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate Ligament (CCL) Disease. Study Design Stifle arthroscopic video recordings (n = 120) were reviewed. A modified Outerbridge classification system (MOCS) (0–4) was used to score cartilage at 10 locations in the femorotibial (medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus) and patellofemoral compartments (proximal, middle and distal locations of the patella and femoral trochlear groove) of the stifle joint. Synovial pathology was scored and the presence of a medial meniscal tear was recorded. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate association of location and synovitis with cartilage score; and presence of meniscal tear with cartilage and synovitis scores. Bonferroni correction was utilized and p Results Cartilage pathology and synovitis were identified in all joints. Overall cartilage severity scores were low (median MOCS 1). The median MOCS of the proximal trochlear groove (2) was significantly higher than all other locations evaluated. Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with higher cartilage severity scores and a medial meniscal tear had no association with cartilage severity scores or synovitis. Conclusion Arthroscopic articular cartilage lesions are common in dogs with CCL Disease at the time of surgical intervention, although the severity of cartilage damage is mild. The proximal trochlear groove of the femur had the most severe cartilage score in the stifle joint.
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Genetic mapping of distal femoral, stifle, and tibial radiographic morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease.
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: Eleni Healey, Kei Hayashi, Rachel J. Murphy, Jessica J. Hayward, Marta Castelhano, Adam R. Boyko, Ursula Krotscheck, Rory J. TodhunterAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) is a complex trait. Ten measurements were made on orthogonal distal pelvic limb radiographs of 161 pure and mixed breed dogs with, and 55 without, cranial cruciate partial or complete Ligament rupture. Dogs with CCLD had significantly smaller infrapatellar fat pad width, higher average tibial plateau angle, and were heavier than control dogs. The first PC weightings captured the overall size of the dog’s stifle and PC2 weightings reflected an increasing tibial plateau angle coupled with a smaller fat pad width. Of these dogs, 175 were genotyped, and 144,509 polymorphisms were used in a genome-wide association study with both a mixed linear and a multi-locus model. For both models, significant (pgenome
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genetic mapping of distal femoral stifle and tibial radiographic morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Disease
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Eleni Healey, Kei Hayashi, Rachel J. Murphy, Jessica J. Hayward, Marta Castelhano, Adam R. Boyko, Ursula Krotscheck, Rory J. TodhunterAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) is a complex trait. Ten measurements were made on orthogonal distal pelvic limb radiographs of 161 pure and mixed breed dogs with, and 55 without, cranial cruciate partial or complete Ligament rupture. Dogs with CCLD had significantly smaller infrapatellar fat pad width, higher average tibial plateau angle, and were heavier than control dogs. The first PC weightings captured the overall size of the dog’s stifle and PC2 weightings reflected an increasing tibial plateau angle coupled with a smaller fat pad width. Of these dogs, 175 were genotyped, and 144,509 polymorphisms were used in a genome-wide association study with both a mixed linear and a multi-locus model. For both models, significant (pgenome <3.46×10−7 for the mixed and< 6.9x10-8 for the multilocus model) associations were found for PC1, tibial diaphyseal length and width, fat pad base length, and femoral and tibial condyle width at LCORL, a known body size-regulating locus. Other body size loci with significant associations were growth hormone 1 (GH1), which was associated with the length of the fat pad base and the width of the tibial diaphysis, and a region on CFAX near IRS4 and ACSL4 in the multilocus model. The tibial plateau angle was associated significantly with a locus on CFA10 in the linear mixed model with nearest candidate genes BET1 and MYH9 and on CFA08 near candidate genes WDHD1 and GCH1. MYH9 has a major role in osteoclastogenesis. Our study indicated that tibial plateau slope is associated with CCLD and a compressed infrapatellar fat pad, a surrogate for stifle osteoarthritis. Because of the association between tibial plateau slope and CCLD, and pending independent validation, these candidate genes for tibial plateau slope may be tested in breeds susceptible to CCLD before they develop Disease or are bred.
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Variation in the Quantity of Elastic Fibres with Degeneration in Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligaments from Labrador Retrievers
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2017Co-Authors: Kinley D Smith, Kei Hayashi, Dylan N. Clements, Peter D. Clegg, John F. Innes, Eithne ComerfordAbstract:Objectives This study aims to quantify numbers of elastic fibres in cranial cruciate Ligaments from a dog breed at high risk of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease. Methods Macroscopically normal cranial cruciate Ligaments were harvested from six Labrador retrievers. Sequential histological sections were assessed for extracellular matrix degeneration (haematoxylin and eosin stain) and elastic fibre staining (Miller’s stain). Elastic fibres were semi-quantified using previously published scoring systems. Each section was scored twice by two observers. Results Increased numbers of elastic fibres were seen with increasing cranial cruciate Ligament degeneration (p = 0.001). Labrador retriever cranial cruciate Ligaments had lower elastic fibre staining when compared with previous published findings in the racing greyhound. Clinical Significance The cranial cruciate Ligaments from a dog breed at high risk of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease vary in the quantity of elastic fibres in association with Ligament degeneration. Breed variation in the quantity of elastic fibres may reflect differing risk of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease.
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articular cartilage lesions of the patellofemoral joint in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate Ligament Disease
Veterinary Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Kimberly A. Agnello, Dorothy Cimino Brown, Ian G. Holsworth, Ana V. Cáceres, Jeffrey J. Runge, Michael D. Schlicksup, Kei HayashiAbstract:Objective To evaluate frequency, severity, and location of patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate Ligament (CCL) Disease. Study Design Cross-sectional observational study. Animals Dogs (n = 40; stifles, 44). Methods Stifle arthroscopic video recordings and radiographs were performed. Cartilage pathology was scored at 3 locations (proximal, middle, distal) in the trochlear groove and patella. A radiographic osteoarthrosis and synovial pathology score were assigned. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine if lesion severity varied by site, synovitis, and osteoarthrosis, and the Dunn's test was used for pairwise comparisons. The variability of body weight was evaluated using 1 way ANOVA; P < .05 was considered significant. Results Cartilage pathology and synovitis was identified in all PF joints. The proximal aspect of the trochlear groove had significantly higher cartilage scores than the middle and distal sites and the middle groove site was significantly higher than the distal site. The distal aspect of the patella had significantly greater scores than the middle and proximal patellar locations. Higher synovitis scores were associated with increased cartilage scores. Cartilage scores were significantly greater in stifles with higher radiographic osteophytosis, tibial sclerosis, and patellar enthesiophytosis scores. Higher body weights were significantly associated with greater synovial and radiographic scores. Conclusions Dogs with CCL Disease have a high incidence of PF cartilage pathology and the severity of cartilage lesions varies depending on location within the joint.
Matthew D. Barnhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Short-Term Complications following Single-Session versus Staged Bilateral Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomies Stabilized with Locking Plates for Treatment of Bilateral Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease: A Retrospective Study.
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2019Co-Authors: Kelsey K. Cappelle, Matthew D. BarnhartAbstract:Objective The aim of this study was to compare complications between dogs with bilateral cranial cruciate Ligament Disease treated with single-session bilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomies (BSSTPLO) versus staged bilateral TPLO (STPLO) procedures stabilized with locking plates. Study Design Medical records of client-owned dogs treated with BSSTPLO or STPLO stabilized with locking plates between March 2017 and July 2018 at two associated institutions were reviewed. Patient data and complications from 37 dogs with BSSTPLO and 18 with STPLO were compared between groups. Major complications were defined as any complication that required further surgical or medical treatment whereas minor complications did not. Results Incidence for major complications for BSSTPLO and STPLO was 7/37 and 6/18 respectively. Incidence for minor complications for BSSTPLO and STPLO was 3/37 and 2/18 respectively. No significant differences in minor or major complication rates existed between study groups (p = 0.2). Mean body weight was significantly higher in the STPLO group (p = 0.001); however, no correlation between weight or BCS and complication rate existed within either group. Increasing age was the only significant risk factor for major complications (p = 0.01) in either group. Conclusion Our findings support the claim that BSSTPLO and STPLO performed with locking implants have similar complication rates. The decision to perform BSSTPLO or STPLO in dogs with bilateral cranial cruciate Ligament Disease should be based on other considerations rather than just complication rates.
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Short-Term Prospective Clinical Evaluation of a Polyglycolic Acid Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Cage Implant.
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 2018Co-Authors: Noah B. Bander, Matthew D. Barnhart, Adam T. Watson, Steven J. NaberAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study investigated the short-term radiographic healing of the osteotomy following tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), maintenance of patellar tendon angle (PTA), and complications in dogs receiving a polyglycolic acid (PGA) TTA cage. Patients diagnosed with unilateral cranial cruciate Ligament Disease requiring a 9- or 12-mm TTA cage were included. Twenty-six consecutive client-owned dogs were prospectively selected for this clinical study. Age, weight, sex, breed, cage size, surgery date, and follow-up time were recorded. Radiographs were scored for healing and measured for PTA immediately, at 6 wk, and at 10 wk postoperatively. All stifles were assessed for complications throughout the study period. Stifles with PGA cages had similar overall healing scores compared to previously reported values for metallic cages, and the PTA was well maintained at 6 and 10 wk postoperatively. Polyglycolic acid cages were associated with a higher complication rate (10/26, 38%; 95% confidence interval, 0.19...
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Histologic Analysis of Retrieved Synthetic Ligaments Implanted in Dogs for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Journal of Veterinary Science & Medical Diagnosis, 2018Co-Authors: Matthew D. Barnhart, David Getzy, David W GardinerAbstract:Objective: To histologically analyze retrieved synthetic liagments implanted in canine stifles for the treatment of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease.Animals: 6 client-owned dogsProcedures: Synthetic Ligaments (SL) were retrieved from 6 dogs. Five had experienced postoperative complications which necessitated their removal and 1 dog died of unrelated causes. The formalin fixed SLs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Alcian blue, Vimentin and Reticulin stains using standard histologic staining protocols and examined histologically via normal light microscopy. The histologic evaluation involved both a qualitative description and semiquantitative assessment of each dog’s cellular response to the implanted SL. Additionally, a semiquantitative scoring system was used for describing the distribution and amount of fibroblasts around and within the central (inner 1/2) and peripheral (outer 1/2) zones and individual core fibers of the synthetic Ligaments.Results: Sheath and core segments had amounts of cellular infiltration which ranged from minimal to moderate which consisted primarily of fibroblasts with rare multinucleate giant cells present and no evidence of lymphoid or inflammatory cellular infiltrates. Peripheral zone fibroblast ingrowth ranged from minimal to moderate and infiltration consistently decreased into the central (inner ½) zones. There was a minimal amount of fibroblast infiltration and encircling of individual core fibers. Infiltrating fibroblasts deposited collagen matrix and mild to moderate amounts of reticulin fibers within the hypercellular regions of the sheath with lesser amounts in the core segments.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The structure and composition of this synthetic Ligament supported variable amounts of fibroblast ingrowth and activity while inducing a minimal amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Comparison of complications following tibial tuberosity advancement and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in very large and giant dogs 50 kg or more in body weight
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2017Co-Authors: Eric C. Hans, Matthew D. Barnhart, Shawn C. Kennedy, Steven J. NaberAbstract:Objectives: To analyse and compare major complications in dogs ≥50 kg undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) or tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) for treatment of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease. Methods: Medical records and radiographs of client-owned dogs (≥50 kg) treated for cranial cruciate Ligament Disease with either TTA or TPLO between January 2011 and November 2015 were reviewed. Ninety-one TTA cases and 54 TPLO cases met the study inclusion criteria. All complications within one year of surgery were recorded. Major complications were those requiring surgical revision or intervening medical therapy to resolve. Logistic regression analysis evaluated for associations with major complication occurrence. Major complications were statistically compared between TTA and TPLO treatment groups. Results: Incidence of major complications following TTA and TPLO surgery were 19.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Surgical site infection (SSI) was the single most common major complication following both TTA (15.4%) and TPLO (25.9%) surgery. There were no significant differences between TTA and TPLO treatment regarding the rate of SSI, surgical revision, or overall occurrence of major complications. Postoperative antibiotic therapy significantly reduced the risk of a major complication in all dogs ≥50 kg (p = 0.015; OR: 0.201: 95%CI: 0.055–0.737). Clinical significance: Major complications occurred frequently following TTA and TPLO treatment of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease in dogs ≥50 kg. The increased chance for SSI should be considered and postoperative antibiotic therapy is recommended.
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Evaluation of an intra-articular synthetic Ligament for treatment of cranial cruciate Ligament Disease in dogs: a six-month prospective clinical trial
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew D. Barnhart, Karl C. Maritato, Kemal Schankereli, Harry Wotton, Steven J. NaberAbstract:Objective: Evaluate the short-term outcomes of a novel synthetic Ligament for treatment of naturally occurring canine cranial cruciate Ligament Disease. Study design: Prospective clinical study. Animals: Dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate Ligament Disease (n = 50). Methods: Patient parameters evaluated included a five-point lameness score, evaluation of craniocaudal stifle instability, and radiographic findings over 24 weeks. Any postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Thirty-four out of 42 dogs experienced significant improvements in lameness between the preoperative and 24 week time points. Lameness scores in those dogs improved significantly at all measured time intervals after postoperative week 2. Recurrence of stifle instability increased significantly over the study period from immediate postoperative measurements. Cranial drawer recurred in seven out of 42 of dogs by week 4 and 18/42 by week 24. Implant changes were not noted between the immediate and six-month postoperative radiographs except where complications occurred. Overall, 25 dogs experienced a total of 32 complications (22 major and 10 minor). Sixteen dogs had major complications, and nine had minor complications. Conclusion: The procedure was generally effective at improving lameness scores, but did not consistently maintain postoperative stifle stability and had an unacceptably high complication rate. This synthetic Ligament procedure cannot be recommended for use in its current form.