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Peter Muir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contribution of habitual activity to cruciate Ligament Rupture in labrador retrievers
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2020Co-Authors: Hannah Terhaar, Peter Muir, Lauren A Baker, Emily E Binversie, Jacqueline Chi, Susannah J. SampleAbstract:Objective The aim of this study was to describe the contribution of signalment and habitual activity in the development of cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) in Labrador Retrievers. Study Design Four hundred and twelve client-owned purebred Labrador Retrievers were recruited. Dogs were assigned either as affected with CR or as controls based on signalment, physical examination and radiographic evidence of disease. Clients were asked to complete a questionnaire related to signalment, concurrent disease and a questionnaire pertaining to their dog's activity before development of CR or general activity during the dog's most active years. Results Habitual activity was not significantly different between dogs affected with CR and controls. There was no significant difference in neuter status or body weight between CR affected dogs and controls. Labrador Retrievers with a yellow coat, and Labradors that did not maintain an optimal body weight in the opinion of their veterinarian were at increased risk of developing CR. Conclusions Habitual activity level is not a risk factor for development of CR in Labrador Retrievers. Our study did not show neuter status, sex or body weight to be risk factors for CR. However, coat colour and not sustaining optimal body condition are significant risk factors for CR.
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autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate molecular markers of inflammation in dogs with cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Susannah J. Sample, Debra D. Bloom, Molly A Racette, Nicola J Volstad, Caitlin M Heaton, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Mid-substance Rupture of the canine cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) and associated stifle osteoarthritis (OA) is an important veterinary health problem. CR causes stifle joint instability and contralateral CR often develops. The dog is an important model for human anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) Rupture, where Rupture of graft repair or the contralateral ACL is also common. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors may increase Ligament Rupture risk. We investigated use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to reduce systemic and stifle joint inflammatory responses in dogs with CR. Twelve dogs with unilateral CR and contralateral stable partial CR were enrolled prospectively. BM-MSCs were collected during surgical treatment of the unstable CR stifle and culture-expanded. BM-MSCs were subsequently injected at a dose of 2x106 BM-MSCs/kg intravenously and 5x106 BM-MSCs by intra-articular injection of the partial CR stifle. Blood (entry, 4 and 8 weeks) and stifle synovial fluid (entry and 8 weeks) were obtained after BM-MSC injection. No adverse events after BM-MSC treatment were detected. Circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower after BM-MSC injection. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was decreased at 4 weeks and serum CXCL8 was increased at 8 weeks. Synovial CRP in the complete CR stifle was decreased at 8 weeks. Synovial IFNγ was also lower in both stifles after BM-MSC injection. Synovial/serum CRP ratio at diagnosis in the partial CR stifle was significantly correlated with development of a second CR. Systemic and intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs in dogs with partial CR suppresses systemic and stifle joint inflammation, including CRP concentrations. Intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs had profound effects on the correlation and conditional dependencies of cytokines using causal networks. Such treatment effects could ameliorate risk of a second CR by modifying the stifle joint inflammatory response associated with cranial cruciate Ligament matrix degeneration or damage.
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Radiographic synovial effusion and osteophytosis in dogs with unilateral complete cruciate Ligament Rupture and contralateral partial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Molly Racette, Nicola Volstad, Susannah J. Sample, Caitlin Heaton, Debra D. Bloom, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Orthogonal stifle radiographic views of the unstable stifle with complete cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) (A,B) and the contralateral stable stifle with partial CR (C,D) in a four old mixed breed dog at trial entry. Synovial effusion with compression of the infrapatellar fat pat and caudal bulging of the joint capsule is evident in both stifles. Peri-articular osteophytosis is present in both stifles and is particularly evident on the distal pole of the patella, the trochlea ridges of the distal femur, and the margins of the tibial plateau. Osteophytosis is more severe in the stifle with complete CR in this dog. Overall, at diagnosis and trial entry, stifle synovial effusion (P
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Arthroscopic assessment of stifle synovitis in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jeffrey P. Little, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Brian J. Sutherland, Ruth Sullivan, Vicki L. Kalscheur, Megan A. Ramaker, Zhengling Hao, Peter MuirAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) is a degenerative condition in dogs that typically has a non-contact mechanism. Subsequent contralateral Rupture often develops in dogs with unilateral CR. Synovitis severity is an important factor that promotes Ligament degradation. Consequently, we wished to evaluate the utility of arthroscopy for assessment of stifle synovitis in dogs with CR. Herein, we report results of a prospective study of 27 dogs with unilateral CR and bilateral radiographic osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic images and synovial biopsies from the lateral and medial joint pouches were obtained bilaterally and graded for synovial hypertrophy, vascularity, and synovitis. Synovial tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) macrophages, CD3(+) T lymphocytes, Factor VIII+ blood vessels, and synovial intima thickness were quantified histologically and related to arthroscopic observations. Risk of subsequent contralateral CR was examined using survival analysis. We found that arthroscopic scores were increased in the index stifle, compared with the contralateral stifle (p
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contralateral cruciate survival in dogs with unilateral non contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Zeev Schwartz, Sarah Malek, Abigail Kreines, Sady Y Cabrera, Nicole J Buote, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne HolzmanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Non-contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CrCLR) is an important cause of lameness in client-owned dogs and typically occurs without obvious injury. There is a high incidence of bilateral Rupture at presentation or subsequent contralateral Rupture in affected dogs. Although stifle synovitis increases risk of contralateral CrCLR, relatively little is known about risk factors for subsequent contralateral Rupture, or whether therapeutic intervention may modify this risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a longitudinal study examining survival of the contralateral CrCL in client-owned dogs with unilateral CrCLR in a large baseline control population (n = 380), and a group of dogs that received disease-modifying therapy with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline (n = 16), and were followed for one year. Follow-up in treated dogs included analysis of mobility, radiographic evaluation of stifle effusion and arthritis, and quantification of biomarkers of synovial inflammation. We found that median survival of the contralateral CrCL was 947 days. Increasing tibial plateau angle decreased contralateral Ligament survival, whereas increasing age at diagnosis increased survival. Contralateral Ligament survival was reduced in neutered dogs. Our disease-modifying therapy did not significantly influence contralateral Ligament survival. Correlative analysis of clinical and biomarker variables with development of subsequent contralateral Rupture revealed few significant results. However, increased expression of T lymphocyte-associated genes in the index unstable stifle at diagnosis was significantly related to development of subsequent non-contact contralateral CrCLR. CONCLUSION: Subsequent contralateral CrCLR is common in client-owned dogs, with a median Ligament survival time of 947 days. In this naturally occurring model of non-contact cruciate Ligament Rupture, cranial tibial translation is preceded by development of synovial inflammation. However, treatment with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline does not significantly influence contralateral CrCL survival.
Eithne Comerford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Investigation of Variables Associated with Surgical Site Infection following the Management of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture with a Lateral Fabellotibial Suture.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas Cox, Thomas W Maddox, John F. Innes, Rob Pettitt, Brandan G. Wustefeld‐janssens, Eithne ComerfordAbstract:Objective This study investigated variables associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture managed with stifle joint examination and lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization. Study Design A retrospective study of dogs that had stifle arthroscopy, stifle arthrotomy, or a combination of both, followed by lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization for cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Lameness grades were recorded preoperatively, and at 6-week and final follow-up. Results One hundred fifty procedures in 130 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Overall, SSI rate was 17.3% and removal of the lateral fabellotibial suture was performed in 53% of SSI. Multivariable analysis showed significant association between SSI and bodyweight (p = 0.013), and induction using propofol (p = 0.029). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a greater proportion of dogs had a higher lameness grade at 6-week (p = 0.021) and final follow-up (p = 0.002) assessments in the infected compared with non-infected dogs. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a higher SSI incidence than previously reported in dogs undergoing a lateral fabellotibial suture for cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture. Bodyweight and induction with propofol were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative SSI. Owners could be advised of an increased SSI risk in larger dogs and consideration should be given to selection of induction agent. Dogs that develop an SSI have a worse lameness grade at 6-week and final follow-up.
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Investigation of Variables Associated with Surgical Site Infection following the Management of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture with a Lateral Fabellotibial Suture.
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas Cox, Thomas W Maddox, Robert Pettitt, Brandan Wustefeld-janssens, John Innes, Eithne ComerfordAbstract:This study investigated variables associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture managed with stifle joint examination and lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization. A retrospective study of dogs that had stifle arthroscopy, stifle arthrotomy, or a combination of both, followed by lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization for cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Lameness grades were recorded preoperatively, and at 6-week and final follow-up. One hundred fifty procedures in 130 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Overall, SSI rate was 17.3% and removal of the lateral fabellotibial suture was performed in 53% of SSI. Multivariable analysis showed significant association between SSI and bodyweight (p = 0.013), and induction using propofol (p = 0.029). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a greater proportion of dogs had a higher lameness grade at 6-week (p = 0.021) and final follow-up (p = 0.002) assessments in the infected compared with non-infected dogs. Our study demonstrated a higher SSI incidence than previously reported in dogs undergoing a lateral fabellotibial suture for cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture. Bodyweight and induction with propofol were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative SSI. Owners could be advised of an increased SSI risk in larger dogs and consideration should be given to selection of induction agent. Dogs that develop an SSI have a worse lameness grade at 6-week and final follow-up. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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management of cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture in small dogs a questionnaire study
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2013Co-Authors: Eithne Comerford, K Gorton, K. Forster, Thomas W MaddoxAbstract:Objectives: To survey the current management of cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture in small dogs ( Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians attending the British Veterinary Orthopaedic Association Spring meeting and British Small Animal Veterinary Association Annual Congress which took place in April 2010. Respondents were surveyed on their management of small dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture Results: Immediate surgical management was chosen by 15.5% of the respondents. Following that, 77.6% of respondents suggested that case management would depend on severity of lameness (81%), age (72.6%), bodyweight (70.4%), degree of instability (64.8%), and duration of lameness (64.0%). Conservative management included non- steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (91.1%), short leash walks (91.1%), weight loss (89.0%), hydrotherapy (53.6%), physiotherapy (41.9%), and cage rest (24.2%). Where surgical management was chosen, 71.4% would perform the procedure rather than refer it to another practice. Surgical techniques included extra-capsular stabilisation (63.4%), corrective osteotomies (32.9%), and intra-articular stabilisation (6.8%). The demographic characteristics of the responding veterinarians had no effect on their initial management of the case. General practice veterinarians were less likely to perform a corrective osteotomy than to refer the case, but were no less likely to perform an extracapsular technique. Clinical significance: Conservative management is still widely used for treatment of cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture in dogs weighing less than 15 kg; this is in agreement with previous publications on the management of this condition in small dogs.
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metabolism and composition of the canine anterior cruciate Ligament relate to differences in knee joint mechanics and predisposition to Ligament Rupture
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2005Co-Authors: Eithne Comerford, John F Tarlton, J F Innes, Keith A Johnson, Andrew A Amis, Allen J BaileyAbstract:Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in the composition and metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in canine anterior cruciate Ligaments (ACLs) might relate to mechanical properties of the canine knee. Variations in ACL biochemistry and knee mechanics could account for divergent predispositions to Ligament Rupture. Methods: Eleven knee joints were obtained from both cadaveric Labrador Retrievers (Rupture predisposed) and ex-racing Greyhounds (non-Rupture predisposed). Anterioposterior laxity and tensile testing determined mechanical properties of the knee joints and ACL samples respectively. The thermal properties of the collagenous matrix were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the biochemical properties by measuring collagen content, collagen cross-links, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP). Results: The anterioposterior laxity was significantly greater (p=0.04) in the Labrador Retriever knee joints, and their ACLs tended to be weaker (p=0.06). Greater collagen turnover was demonstrated by significantly higher (p=0.02) concentrations of pro-MMP-2, and lower enthalpy of denaturation (p=0.05) in Labrador Retriever ACLs. Conclusions: The different metabolism of the collagenous matrix in the ACLs of dogs predisposed to Rupture was related to greater knee joint laxity and lower Ligament material properties (ultimate tensile stress). This may be suggestive of a link between Ligament Rupture and eventual knee osteoarthritis in both dogs and humans.
Jason A Bleedorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate molecular markers of inflammation in dogs with cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Susannah J. Sample, Debra D. Bloom, Molly A Racette, Nicola J Volstad, Caitlin M Heaton, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Mid-substance Rupture of the canine cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) and associated stifle osteoarthritis (OA) is an important veterinary health problem. CR causes stifle joint instability and contralateral CR often develops. The dog is an important model for human anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) Rupture, where Rupture of graft repair or the contralateral ACL is also common. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors may increase Ligament Rupture risk. We investigated use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to reduce systemic and stifle joint inflammatory responses in dogs with CR. Twelve dogs with unilateral CR and contralateral stable partial CR were enrolled prospectively. BM-MSCs were collected during surgical treatment of the unstable CR stifle and culture-expanded. BM-MSCs were subsequently injected at a dose of 2x106 BM-MSCs/kg intravenously and 5x106 BM-MSCs by intra-articular injection of the partial CR stifle. Blood (entry, 4 and 8 weeks) and stifle synovial fluid (entry and 8 weeks) were obtained after BM-MSC injection. No adverse events after BM-MSC treatment were detected. Circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower after BM-MSC injection. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was decreased at 4 weeks and serum CXCL8 was increased at 8 weeks. Synovial CRP in the complete CR stifle was decreased at 8 weeks. Synovial IFNγ was also lower in both stifles after BM-MSC injection. Synovial/serum CRP ratio at diagnosis in the partial CR stifle was significantly correlated with development of a second CR. Systemic and intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs in dogs with partial CR suppresses systemic and stifle joint inflammation, including CRP concentrations. Intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs had profound effects on the correlation and conditional dependencies of cytokines using causal networks. Such treatment effects could ameliorate risk of a second CR by modifying the stifle joint inflammatory response associated with cranial cruciate Ligament matrix degeneration or damage.
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Radiographic synovial effusion and osteophytosis in dogs with unilateral complete cruciate Ligament Rupture and contralateral partial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Molly Racette, Nicola Volstad, Susannah J. Sample, Caitlin Heaton, Debra D. Bloom, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Orthogonal stifle radiographic views of the unstable stifle with complete cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) (A,B) and the contralateral stable stifle with partial CR (C,D) in a four old mixed breed dog at trial entry. Synovial effusion with compression of the infrapatellar fat pat and caudal bulging of the joint capsule is evident in both stifles. Peri-articular osteophytosis is present in both stifles and is particularly evident on the distal pole of the patella, the trochlea ridges of the distal femur, and the margins of the tibial plateau. Osteophytosis is more severe in the stifle with complete CR in this dog. Overall, at diagnosis and trial entry, stifle synovial effusion (P
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Arthroscopic assessment of stifle synovitis in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jeffrey P. Little, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Brian J. Sutherland, Ruth Sullivan, Vicki L. Kalscheur, Megan A. Ramaker, Zhengling Hao, Peter MuirAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) is a degenerative condition in dogs that typically has a non-contact mechanism. Subsequent contralateral Rupture often develops in dogs with unilateral CR. Synovitis severity is an important factor that promotes Ligament degradation. Consequently, we wished to evaluate the utility of arthroscopy for assessment of stifle synovitis in dogs with CR. Herein, we report results of a prospective study of 27 dogs with unilateral CR and bilateral radiographic osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic images and synovial biopsies from the lateral and medial joint pouches were obtained bilaterally and graded for synovial hypertrophy, vascularity, and synovitis. Synovial tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) macrophages, CD3(+) T lymphocytes, Factor VIII+ blood vessels, and synovial intima thickness were quantified histologically and related to arthroscopic observations. Risk of subsequent contralateral CR was examined using survival analysis. We found that arthroscopic scores were increased in the index stifle, compared with the contralateral stifle (p
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contralateral cruciate survival in dogs with unilateral non contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Zeev Schwartz, Sarah Malek, Abigail Kreines, Sady Y Cabrera, Nicole J Buote, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne HolzmanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Non-contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CrCLR) is an important cause of lameness in client-owned dogs and typically occurs without obvious injury. There is a high incidence of bilateral Rupture at presentation or subsequent contralateral Rupture in affected dogs. Although stifle synovitis increases risk of contralateral CrCLR, relatively little is known about risk factors for subsequent contralateral Rupture, or whether therapeutic intervention may modify this risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a longitudinal study examining survival of the contralateral CrCL in client-owned dogs with unilateral CrCLR in a large baseline control population (n = 380), and a group of dogs that received disease-modifying therapy with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline (n = 16), and were followed for one year. Follow-up in treated dogs included analysis of mobility, radiographic evaluation of stifle effusion and arthritis, and quantification of biomarkers of synovial inflammation. We found that median survival of the contralateral CrCL was 947 days. Increasing tibial plateau angle decreased contralateral Ligament survival, whereas increasing age at diagnosis increased survival. Contralateral Ligament survival was reduced in neutered dogs. Our disease-modifying therapy did not significantly influence contralateral Ligament survival. Correlative analysis of clinical and biomarker variables with development of subsequent contralateral Rupture revealed few significant results. However, increased expression of T lymphocyte-associated genes in the index unstable stifle at diagnosis was significantly related to development of subsequent non-contact contralateral CrCLR. CONCLUSION: Subsequent contralateral CrCLR is common in client-owned dogs, with a median Ligament survival time of 947 days. In this naturally occurring model of non-contact cruciate Ligament Rupture, cranial tibial translation is preceded by development of synovial inflammation. However, treatment with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline does not significantly influence contralateral CrCL survival.
Gerianne Holzman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate molecular markers of inflammation in dogs with cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Susannah J. Sample, Debra D. Bloom, Molly A Racette, Nicola J Volstad, Caitlin M Heaton, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Mid-substance Rupture of the canine cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) and associated stifle osteoarthritis (OA) is an important veterinary health problem. CR causes stifle joint instability and contralateral CR often develops. The dog is an important model for human anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) Rupture, where Rupture of graft repair or the contralateral ACL is also common. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors may increase Ligament Rupture risk. We investigated use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to reduce systemic and stifle joint inflammatory responses in dogs with CR. Twelve dogs with unilateral CR and contralateral stable partial CR were enrolled prospectively. BM-MSCs were collected during surgical treatment of the unstable CR stifle and culture-expanded. BM-MSCs were subsequently injected at a dose of 2x106 BM-MSCs/kg intravenously and 5x106 BM-MSCs by intra-articular injection of the partial CR stifle. Blood (entry, 4 and 8 weeks) and stifle synovial fluid (entry and 8 weeks) were obtained after BM-MSC injection. No adverse events after BM-MSC treatment were detected. Circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower after BM-MSC injection. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was decreased at 4 weeks and serum CXCL8 was increased at 8 weeks. Synovial CRP in the complete CR stifle was decreased at 8 weeks. Synovial IFNγ was also lower in both stifles after BM-MSC injection. Synovial/serum CRP ratio at diagnosis in the partial CR stifle was significantly correlated with development of a second CR. Systemic and intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs in dogs with partial CR suppresses systemic and stifle joint inflammation, including CRP concentrations. Intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs had profound effects on the correlation and conditional dependencies of cytokines using causal networks. Such treatment effects could ameliorate risk of a second CR by modifying the stifle joint inflammatory response associated with cranial cruciate Ligament matrix degeneration or damage.
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Radiographic synovial effusion and osteophytosis in dogs with unilateral complete cruciate Ligament Rupture and contralateral partial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Molly Racette, Nicola Volstad, Susannah J. Sample, Caitlin Heaton, Debra D. Bloom, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Orthogonal stifle radiographic views of the unstable stifle with complete cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) (A,B) and the contralateral stable stifle with partial CR (C,D) in a four old mixed breed dog at trial entry. Synovial effusion with compression of the infrapatellar fat pat and caudal bulging of the joint capsule is evident in both stifles. Peri-articular osteophytosis is present in both stifles and is particularly evident on the distal pole of the patella, the trochlea ridges of the distal femur, and the margins of the tibial plateau. Osteophytosis is more severe in the stifle with complete CR in this dog. Overall, at diagnosis and trial entry, stifle synovial effusion (P
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contralateral cruciate survival in dogs with unilateral non contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Zeev Schwartz, Sarah Malek, Abigail Kreines, Sady Y Cabrera, Nicole J Buote, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne HolzmanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Non-contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CrCLR) is an important cause of lameness in client-owned dogs and typically occurs without obvious injury. There is a high incidence of bilateral Rupture at presentation or subsequent contralateral Rupture in affected dogs. Although stifle synovitis increases risk of contralateral CrCLR, relatively little is known about risk factors for subsequent contralateral Rupture, or whether therapeutic intervention may modify this risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a longitudinal study examining survival of the contralateral CrCL in client-owned dogs with unilateral CrCLR in a large baseline control population (n = 380), and a group of dogs that received disease-modifying therapy with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline (n = 16), and were followed for one year. Follow-up in treated dogs included analysis of mobility, radiographic evaluation of stifle effusion and arthritis, and quantification of biomarkers of synovial inflammation. We found that median survival of the contralateral CrCL was 947 days. Increasing tibial plateau angle decreased contralateral Ligament survival, whereas increasing age at diagnosis increased survival. Contralateral Ligament survival was reduced in neutered dogs. Our disease-modifying therapy did not significantly influence contralateral Ligament survival. Correlative analysis of clinical and biomarker variables with development of subsequent contralateral Rupture revealed few significant results. However, increased expression of T lymphocyte-associated genes in the index unstable stifle at diagnosis was significantly related to development of subsequent non-contact contralateral CrCLR. CONCLUSION: Subsequent contralateral CrCLR is common in client-owned dogs, with a median Ligament survival time of 947 days. In this naturally occurring model of non-contact cruciate Ligament Rupture, cranial tibial translation is preceded by development of synovial inflammation. However, treatment with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline does not significantly influence contralateral CrCL survival.
Susan L Schaefer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate molecular markers of inflammation in dogs with cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Susannah J. Sample, Debra D. Bloom, Molly A Racette, Nicola J Volstad, Caitlin M Heaton, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Mid-substance Rupture of the canine cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) and associated stifle osteoarthritis (OA) is an important veterinary health problem. CR causes stifle joint instability and contralateral CR often develops. The dog is an important model for human anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) Rupture, where Rupture of graft repair or the contralateral ACL is also common. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors may increase Ligament Rupture risk. We investigated use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to reduce systemic and stifle joint inflammatory responses in dogs with CR. Twelve dogs with unilateral CR and contralateral stable partial CR were enrolled prospectively. BM-MSCs were collected during surgical treatment of the unstable CR stifle and culture-expanded. BM-MSCs were subsequently injected at a dose of 2x106 BM-MSCs/kg intravenously and 5x106 BM-MSCs by intra-articular injection of the partial CR stifle. Blood (entry, 4 and 8 weeks) and stifle synovial fluid (entry and 8 weeks) were obtained after BM-MSC injection. No adverse events after BM-MSC treatment were detected. Circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower after BM-MSC injection. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was decreased at 4 weeks and serum CXCL8 was increased at 8 weeks. Synovial CRP in the complete CR stifle was decreased at 8 weeks. Synovial IFNγ was also lower in both stifles after BM-MSC injection. Synovial/serum CRP ratio at diagnosis in the partial CR stifle was significantly correlated with development of a second CR. Systemic and intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs in dogs with partial CR suppresses systemic and stifle joint inflammation, including CRP concentrations. Intra-articular injection of autologous BM-MSCs had profound effects on the correlation and conditional dependencies of cytokines using causal networks. Such treatment effects could ameliorate risk of a second CR by modifying the stifle joint inflammatory response associated with cranial cruciate Ligament matrix degeneration or damage.
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Radiographic synovial effusion and osteophytosis in dogs with unilateral complete cruciate Ligament Rupture and contralateral partial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
2016Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne Holzman, Eric C. Hans, Molly Racette, Nicola Volstad, Susannah J. Sample, Caitlin Heaton, Debra D. Bloom, Jason A BleedornAbstract:Orthogonal stifle radiographic views of the unstable stifle with complete cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) (A,B) and the contralateral stable stifle with partial CR (C,D) in a four old mixed breed dog at trial entry. Synovial effusion with compression of the infrapatellar fat pat and caudal bulging of the joint capsule is evident in both stifles. Peri-articular osteophytosis is present in both stifles and is particularly evident on the distal pole of the patella, the trochlea ridges of the distal femur, and the margins of the tibial plateau. Osteophytosis is more severe in the stifle with complete CR in this dog. Overall, at diagnosis and trial entry, stifle synovial effusion (P
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Arthroscopic assessment of stifle synovitis in dogs with cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture.
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jeffrey P. Little, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Brian J. Sutherland, Ruth Sullivan, Vicki L. Kalscheur, Megan A. Ramaker, Zhengling Hao, Peter MuirAbstract:Cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CR) is a degenerative condition in dogs that typically has a non-contact mechanism. Subsequent contralateral Rupture often develops in dogs with unilateral CR. Synovitis severity is an important factor that promotes Ligament degradation. Consequently, we wished to evaluate the utility of arthroscopy for assessment of stifle synovitis in dogs with CR. Herein, we report results of a prospective study of 27 dogs with unilateral CR and bilateral radiographic osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic images and synovial biopsies from the lateral and medial joint pouches were obtained bilaterally and graded for synovial hypertrophy, vascularity, and synovitis. Synovial tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) macrophages, CD3(+) T lymphocytes, Factor VIII+ blood vessels, and synovial intima thickness were quantified histologically and related to arthroscopic observations. Risk of subsequent contralateral CR was examined using survival analysis. We found that arthroscopic scores were increased in the index stifle, compared with the contralateral stifle (p
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contralateral cruciate survival in dogs with unilateral non contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Muir, Zeev Schwartz, Sarah Malek, Abigail Kreines, Sady Y Cabrera, Nicole J Buote, Jason A Bleedorn, Susan L Schaefer, Gerianne HolzmanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Non-contact cranial cruciate Ligament Rupture (CrCLR) is an important cause of lameness in client-owned dogs and typically occurs without obvious injury. There is a high incidence of bilateral Rupture at presentation or subsequent contralateral Rupture in affected dogs. Although stifle synovitis increases risk of contralateral CrCLR, relatively little is known about risk factors for subsequent contralateral Rupture, or whether therapeutic intervention may modify this risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a longitudinal study examining survival of the contralateral CrCL in client-owned dogs with unilateral CrCLR in a large baseline control population (n = 380), and a group of dogs that received disease-modifying therapy with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline (n = 16), and were followed for one year. Follow-up in treated dogs included analysis of mobility, radiographic evaluation of stifle effusion and arthritis, and quantification of biomarkers of synovial inflammation. We found that median survival of the contralateral CrCL was 947 days. Increasing tibial plateau angle decreased contralateral Ligament survival, whereas increasing age at diagnosis increased survival. Contralateral Ligament survival was reduced in neutered dogs. Our disease-modifying therapy did not significantly influence contralateral Ligament survival. Correlative analysis of clinical and biomarker variables with development of subsequent contralateral Rupture revealed few significant results. However, increased expression of T lymphocyte-associated genes in the index unstable stifle at diagnosis was significantly related to development of subsequent non-contact contralateral CrCLR. CONCLUSION: Subsequent contralateral CrCLR is common in client-owned dogs, with a median Ligament survival time of 947 days. In this naturally occurring model of non-contact cruciate Ligament Rupture, cranial tibial translation is preceded by development of synovial inflammation. However, treatment with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline does not significantly influence contralateral CrCL survival.