The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mark J Schnitzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • advances in Light Microscopy for neuroscience
    Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2009
    Co-Authors: Brian A Wilt, Laurie D Burns, Eric Tatt Wei Ho, Kunal Ghosh, Eran A Mukamel, Mark J Schnitzer
    Abstract:

    Since the work of Golgi and Cajal, Light Microscopy has remained a key tool for neuroscientists to observe cellular properties. Ongoing advances have enabled new experimental capabilities using Light to inspect the nervous system across multiple spatial scales, including ultrastructural scales finer than the optical diffraction limit. Other progress permits functional imaging at faster speeds, at greater depths in brain tissue, and over larger tissue volumes than previously possible. Portable, miniaturized fluorescence microscopes now allow brain imaging in freely behaving mice. Complementary progress on animal preparations has enabled imaging in head-restrained behaving animals, as well as time-lapse Microscopy studies in the brains of live subjects. Mouse genetic approaches permit mosaic and inducible fluorescence-labeling strategies, whereas intrinsic contrast mechanisms allow in vivo imaging of animals and humans without use of exogenous markers. This review surveys such advances and highLights emerging capabilities of particular interest to neuroscientists.

Paul A. Tucker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Confocal Scanning Light Microscopy
    Introduction to Microscopy by Means of Light Electrons X Rays or Acoustics, 1994
    Co-Authors: Theodore George Rochow, Paul A. Tucker
    Abstract:

    Confocal scanning Light Microscopy, a new type of Microscopy, has generated considerable excitement. It gives higher resolution and thinner noninvasive optical sections, or planar views, than those obtained by classical bright-field or dark-field Microscopy, and increased contrast is another major advantage. Fluorescence Microscopy(1) is also greatly improved by using confocal scanning Light Microscopy, since three-dimensional views can be generated, which lend themselves well to digital image processing and possibly holography. In an image-processing system, a hundred or more very thin optical sections can be stored and combined into a composite, three-dimensional image. Then a display of the total three-dimensional view, or selected parts, can be generated. The composite three-dimensional views can resemble those from scanning electron Microscopy, but the specimen does not have to be in a vacuum, as with normal scanning electron Microscopy. Currently the technique is used only for reflected Light, bright-field and fluorescent microscopies, but additional techniques are under development. Transmission and polarized Light microscopes should be available in the future. The confocal microscopical concept was patented in 1957, but the technique has only recently become more common. Delay in its development is probably due to the only recent common application of lasers and scanning techniques. Currently there are some complications with all varieties of these instruments, and efforts are continuing to decrease these.

Brian A Wilt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • advances in Light Microscopy for neuroscience
    Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2009
    Co-Authors: Brian A Wilt, Laurie D Burns, Eric Tatt Wei Ho, Kunal Ghosh, Eran A Mukamel, Mark J Schnitzer
    Abstract:

    Since the work of Golgi and Cajal, Light Microscopy has remained a key tool for neuroscientists to observe cellular properties. Ongoing advances have enabled new experimental capabilities using Light to inspect the nervous system across multiple spatial scales, including ultrastructural scales finer than the optical diffraction limit. Other progress permits functional imaging at faster speeds, at greater depths in brain tissue, and over larger tissue volumes than previously possible. Portable, miniaturized fluorescence microscopes now allow brain imaging in freely behaving mice. Complementary progress on animal preparations has enabled imaging in head-restrained behaving animals, as well as time-lapse Microscopy studies in the brains of live subjects. Mouse genetic approaches permit mosaic and inducible fluorescence-labeling strategies, whereas intrinsic contrast mechanisms allow in vivo imaging of animals and humans without use of exogenous markers. This review surveys such advances and highLights emerging capabilities of particular interest to neuroscientists.

Rudolf Oldenbourg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Polarized Light Microscopy: Principles and Practice
    CSH Protocols, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rudolf Oldenbourg
    Abstract:

    Polarized Light Microscopy provides unique opportunities for analyzing the molecular order in heterogeneous systems, such as living cells and tissues, without using exogenous dyes or labels. This article briefly discusses the theory of polarized Light Microscopy and elaborates on its practice using a traditional polarized Light microscope and more specialized polarization microscopes such as the LC-PolScope, Oosight, or Abrio. The microscope components specific to analyzing the polarization of Light, such as polarizer and compensator, are introduced, and quantitative techniques for measuring the birefringence of the specimen point by point using a traditional polarizing microscope are discussed. The new LC-PolScope greatly improves the analytic power of the technique, providing quantitative birefringence data simultaneously for every image point, thereby revealing molecular order with unprecedented sensitivity and at the highest resolution of the Light microscope. Practical aspects discussed include the choice of optics, sample preparation, and combining polarized Light with differential interference contrast and fluorescence Microscopy. A glossary of polarization optical terms is also included to facilitate the discussion of observations made with a polarized Light microscope.

  • POLARIZED Light Microscopy OF SPINDLES
    Methods in Cell Biology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Rudolf Oldenbourg
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter presents the technique of polarized Light Microscopy of spindles starting with the basic setup of the traditional polarized Light microscope and ending with state of the art in polarized Light Microscopy, the Pol-Scope. In addition to the instrumentation, the chapter discusses the ways to improve sensitivity and achieve high signal to noise ratios in recorded images. The chapter then describes the molecular origin of spindle birefringence, including the distinction between form and intrinsic birefringence, and presents some analysis tools that can be applied to find the microtubule density in the spindle based on birefringence measurements. A brief introduction to various cell types, which are amenable to polarized Light Microscopy is presented and some preparative techniques such as centrifugation to minimize background birefringence contributed by cell components other than the spindle are discussed. The chapter also presents a representative overview of the literature describing polarized Light imaging of spindles in living cells.

H. Ernst Keller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.