The Experts below are selected from a list of 23775 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Liesl Morey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
influence of carbon dioxide on numbers of culicoides midges collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:: To implement risk management against diseases transmitted by species of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), it is essential to identify all potential vectors. Light Traps are the most commonly used tool for the collection of Culicoides midges. Given the indiscriminate artificial attraction of Light, Traps will collect all night-flying insects rather than only livestock-associated Culicoides midges. Factors that may increase the efficacy of Traps, especially for livestock-associated Culicoides midges, require investigation. In the present study, results obtained with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Onderstepoort Light Traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) were compared with those of unbaited controls. Comparisons were made using two replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design. With both trap types, the mean numbers of Culicoides midges collected in 16 baited Traps were higher than those caught in 16 unbaited Traps. Although exceptionally low numbers were collected with the CDC Traps, the increases in the numbers and frequency of collection of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913 were more pronounced in the CDC Traps compared with the Onderstepoort Traps. These results indicate that the addition of CO2 may increase the efficiency of these Traps for the collection of C. imicola and other livestock-associated Culicoides species.
-
the effect of high frequency sound on culicoides numbers collected with suction Light Traps
Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 2012Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), are involved in the transmission of various pathogens that cause important diseases of livestock worldwide. The use of insect repellents to reduce the attack rate of these insects on livestock could play an important role as part of an integrated control programme against diseases transmitted by these midges. The objective of this study was to determine whether high frequency sound has any repellent effect on Culicoides midges. The number of midges collected with 220 V Onderstepoort white Light Traps fitted with electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs), emitting 5-20 KHz multi-frequency sound waves, was compared with that of two untreated Traps. Treatments were rotated in two replicates of a 4 x 4 randomised Latin square design. Although fewer midges were collected in the two Traps fitted with EMRs, the average number collected over eight consecutive nights was not significantly different. The EMRs also had no influence on any of the physiological groups of Culicoides imicola Kieffer or the species composition of the Culicoides population as determined with Light Traps. The results indicate that high frequency sound has no repellent effect on Culicoides midges. There is therefore no evidence to support their promotion or use in the protection of animals against pathogens transmitted by Culicoides midges.
-
the repellent effect of organic fatty acids on culicoides midges as determined with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, Liesl Morey, M G SnymanAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of a 15% (w/w) mixture of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acids in Light mineral oil to repel Culicoides biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) was determined in three replicates of a 4 × 4 Latin square design under South African field conditions. The fatty acids were applied to ±0.07 m 2 polyester meshes with a mesh size 2–3 mm fitted to 220 V 8 W Onderstepoort downdraught Light Traps. To reduce the relatively strong attraction of the Light trap, the black Light tubes in the Onderstepoort trap were replaced with 8 W 23 cm white Light tubes. The Traps were operating overnight next to cattle. Two Traps treated with the mixture of fatty acids collected 1.7 times fewer midges than two untreated Traps. Although this mixture of fatty acids had shown a repellent effect against a number of blood-feeding insects this is the first indication that it also has a significant repellent effect against Culicoides species and especially Culicoides ( Avaritia ) imicola Kieffer when applied to polyester mesh.
-
the effect of 1 octen 3 ol and 4 methylphenol on culicoides midge numbers collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Despite some shortcomings, suction Light Traps are the primary monitoring tool for the collection of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Factors that may increase the efficiency of these Traps need to be investigated. In the present study the numbers of Culicoides midges collected with two Onderstepoort black Light Traps baited with a mixture of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, as a potential olfactory cue, were compared to those of two unbaited Traps. Comparisons were done in two and three replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design in the presence and absence of cattle. The addition of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, released at 9.1 and 15.5 mg/h, respectively, did not influence species richness, numbers collected, sex ratios or age-grading results. Comparisons of Culicoides numbers and especially the abundance of Culicoides imicola Kieffer in collections done in the presence and absence of cattle confirm previous findings that show that host animals will be the primary attraction for Culicoides midges and that Light Traps mostly sample midges already in the near vicinity of the host.
-
comparison of the efficiency of five suction Light Traps under field conditions in south africa for the collection of culicoides species
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, D Majatladi, K G Hermanides, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of a variety of pathogens, the economically most important being the orbiviruses that cause bluetongue and African horse sickness; both of which have been shown to be multi-vector diseases. The identification of all potential vectors will be crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction Light Traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories the efficiency of five Traps (Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright, BG-sentinel), used at present and in the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. Comparisons were done either in three replicates of a 4 × 4 or two replicates of a 5 × 5 randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges than the other Traps. Relatively small but statistically significant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different Traps. It will be important to determine the significance and underlying causes for these differences.
Karien Labuschagne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
efficacy of alphacypermethrin treated high density polyethylene mesh applied to jet stalls housing horses against culicoides biting midges in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Patrick Page, Gert J. Venter, Karien Labuschagne, Johan P Schoeman, Alan John GuthrieAbstract:The efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated high density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh applied to jet stalls against Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) was determined by mechanical aspiration of midges from horses and using Onderstepoort 220 V downdraught black Light Traps in four blocks of a 3 × 2 randomised design under South African field conditions. The alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to the stall significantly (P = 0.008) reduced the number of Culicoides midges, predominantly Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer, mechanically aspirated from horses housed in the stall. The mesh reduced the Culicoides midge attack rate in the treated stall compared to the untreated stall and a sentinel horse by 6 times and 14 times, respectively. The number of Culicoides midges and C. imicola collected in Light Traps from the untreated and alphacypermethrin HDPE mesh-treated stalls did not differ significantly (P = 0.82). Alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh could be used to reduce exposure of horses in jet stalls to Culicoides midges, specifically C. imicola, and the risk of midge-borne Orbivirus transmission.
-
the effect of high frequency sound on culicoides numbers collected with suction Light Traps
Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 2012Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), are involved in the transmission of various pathogens that cause important diseases of livestock worldwide. The use of insect repellents to reduce the attack rate of these insects on livestock could play an important role as part of an integrated control programme against diseases transmitted by these midges. The objective of this study was to determine whether high frequency sound has any repellent effect on Culicoides midges. The number of midges collected with 220 V Onderstepoort white Light Traps fitted with electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs), emitting 5-20 KHz multi-frequency sound waves, was compared with that of two untreated Traps. Treatments were rotated in two replicates of a 4 x 4 randomised Latin square design. Although fewer midges were collected in the two Traps fitted with EMRs, the average number collected over eight consecutive nights was not significantly different. The EMRs also had no influence on any of the physiological groups of Culicoides imicola Kieffer or the species composition of the Culicoides population as determined with Light Traps. The results indicate that high frequency sound has no repellent effect on Culicoides midges. There is therefore no evidence to support their promotion or use in the protection of animals against pathogens transmitted by Culicoides midges.
-
the repellent effect of organic fatty acids on culicoides midges as determined with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, Liesl Morey, M G SnymanAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of a 15% (w/w) mixture of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acids in Light mineral oil to repel Culicoides biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) was determined in three replicates of a 4 × 4 Latin square design under South African field conditions. The fatty acids were applied to ±0.07 m 2 polyester meshes with a mesh size 2–3 mm fitted to 220 V 8 W Onderstepoort downdraught Light Traps. To reduce the relatively strong attraction of the Light trap, the black Light tubes in the Onderstepoort trap were replaced with 8 W 23 cm white Light tubes. The Traps were operating overnight next to cattle. Two Traps treated with the mixture of fatty acids collected 1.7 times fewer midges than two untreated Traps. Although this mixture of fatty acids had shown a repellent effect against a number of blood-feeding insects this is the first indication that it also has a significant repellent effect against Culicoides species and especially Culicoides ( Avaritia ) imicola Kieffer when applied to polyester mesh.
-
the effect of 1 octen 3 ol and 4 methylphenol on culicoides midge numbers collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Despite some shortcomings, suction Light Traps are the primary monitoring tool for the collection of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Factors that may increase the efficiency of these Traps need to be investigated. In the present study the numbers of Culicoides midges collected with two Onderstepoort black Light Traps baited with a mixture of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, as a potential olfactory cue, were compared to those of two unbaited Traps. Comparisons were done in two and three replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design in the presence and absence of cattle. The addition of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, released at 9.1 and 15.5 mg/h, respectively, did not influence species richness, numbers collected, sex ratios or age-grading results. Comparisons of Culicoides numbers and especially the abundance of Culicoides imicola Kieffer in collections done in the presence and absence of cattle confirm previous findings that show that host animals will be the primary attraction for Culicoides midges and that Light Traps mostly sample midges already in the near vicinity of the host.
-
comparison of the efficiency of five suction Light Traps under field conditions in south africa for the collection of culicoides species
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, D Majatladi, K G Hermanides, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of a variety of pathogens, the economically most important being the orbiviruses that cause bluetongue and African horse sickness; both of which have been shown to be multi-vector diseases. The identification of all potential vectors will be crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction Light Traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories the efficiency of five Traps (Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright, BG-sentinel), used at present and in the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. Comparisons were done either in three replicates of a 4 × 4 or two replicates of a 5 × 5 randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges than the other Traps. Relatively small but statistically significant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different Traps. It will be important to determine the significance and underlying causes for these differences.
Solomon N B Boikanyo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
influence of carbon dioxide on numbers of culicoides midges collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:: To implement risk management against diseases transmitted by species of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), it is essential to identify all potential vectors. Light Traps are the most commonly used tool for the collection of Culicoides midges. Given the indiscriminate artificial attraction of Light, Traps will collect all night-flying insects rather than only livestock-associated Culicoides midges. Factors that may increase the efficacy of Traps, especially for livestock-associated Culicoides midges, require investigation. In the present study, results obtained with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Onderstepoort Light Traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) were compared with those of unbaited controls. Comparisons were made using two replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design. With both trap types, the mean numbers of Culicoides midges collected in 16 baited Traps were higher than those caught in 16 unbaited Traps. Although exceptionally low numbers were collected with the CDC Traps, the increases in the numbers and frequency of collection of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913 were more pronounced in the CDC Traps compared with the Onderstepoort Traps. These results indicate that the addition of CO2 may increase the efficiency of these Traps for the collection of C. imicola and other livestock-associated Culicoides species.
-
the effect of high frequency sound on culicoides numbers collected with suction Light Traps
Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 2012Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), are involved in the transmission of various pathogens that cause important diseases of livestock worldwide. The use of insect repellents to reduce the attack rate of these insects on livestock could play an important role as part of an integrated control programme against diseases transmitted by these midges. The objective of this study was to determine whether high frequency sound has any repellent effect on Culicoides midges. The number of midges collected with 220 V Onderstepoort white Light Traps fitted with electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs), emitting 5-20 KHz multi-frequency sound waves, was compared with that of two untreated Traps. Treatments were rotated in two replicates of a 4 x 4 randomised Latin square design. Although fewer midges were collected in the two Traps fitted with EMRs, the average number collected over eight consecutive nights was not significantly different. The EMRs also had no influence on any of the physiological groups of Culicoides imicola Kieffer or the species composition of the Culicoides population as determined with Light Traps. The results indicate that high frequency sound has no repellent effect on Culicoides midges. There is therefore no evidence to support their promotion or use in the protection of animals against pathogens transmitted by Culicoides midges.
-
the repellent effect of organic fatty acids on culicoides midges as determined with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, Liesl Morey, M G SnymanAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of a 15% (w/w) mixture of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acids in Light mineral oil to repel Culicoides biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) was determined in three replicates of a 4 × 4 Latin square design under South African field conditions. The fatty acids were applied to ±0.07 m 2 polyester meshes with a mesh size 2–3 mm fitted to 220 V 8 W Onderstepoort downdraught Light Traps. To reduce the relatively strong attraction of the Light trap, the black Light tubes in the Onderstepoort trap were replaced with 8 W 23 cm white Light tubes. The Traps were operating overnight next to cattle. Two Traps treated with the mixture of fatty acids collected 1.7 times fewer midges than two untreated Traps. Although this mixture of fatty acids had shown a repellent effect against a number of blood-feeding insects this is the first indication that it also has a significant repellent effect against Culicoides species and especially Culicoides ( Avaritia ) imicola Kieffer when applied to polyester mesh.
-
the effect of 1 octen 3 ol and 4 methylphenol on culicoides midge numbers collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Despite some shortcomings, suction Light Traps are the primary monitoring tool for the collection of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Factors that may increase the efficiency of these Traps need to be investigated. In the present study the numbers of Culicoides midges collected with two Onderstepoort black Light Traps baited with a mixture of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, as a potential olfactory cue, were compared to those of two unbaited Traps. Comparisons were done in two and three replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design in the presence and absence of cattle. The addition of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, released at 9.1 and 15.5 mg/h, respectively, did not influence species richness, numbers collected, sex ratios or age-grading results. Comparisons of Culicoides numbers and especially the abundance of Culicoides imicola Kieffer in collections done in the presence and absence of cattle confirm previous findings that show that host animals will be the primary attraction for Culicoides midges and that Light Traps mostly sample midges already in the near vicinity of the host.
-
comparison of the efficiency of five suction Light Traps under field conditions in south africa for the collection of culicoides species
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, D Majatladi, K G Hermanides, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of a variety of pathogens, the economically most important being the orbiviruses that cause bluetongue and African horse sickness; both of which have been shown to be multi-vector diseases. The identification of all potential vectors will be crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction Light Traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories the efficiency of five Traps (Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright, BG-sentinel), used at present and in the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. Comparisons were done either in three replicates of a 4 × 4 or two replicates of a 5 × 5 randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges than the other Traps. Relatively small but statistically significant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different Traps. It will be important to determine the significance and underlying causes for these differences.
D Majatladi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
influence of carbon dioxide on numbers of culicoides midges collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:: To implement risk management against diseases transmitted by species of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), it is essential to identify all potential vectors. Light Traps are the most commonly used tool for the collection of Culicoides midges. Given the indiscriminate artificial attraction of Light, Traps will collect all night-flying insects rather than only livestock-associated Culicoides midges. Factors that may increase the efficacy of Traps, especially for livestock-associated Culicoides midges, require investigation. In the present study, results obtained with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Onderstepoort Light Traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) were compared with those of unbaited controls. Comparisons were made using two replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design. With both trap types, the mean numbers of Culicoides midges collected in 16 baited Traps were higher than those caught in 16 unbaited Traps. Although exceptionally low numbers were collected with the CDC Traps, the increases in the numbers and frequency of collection of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913 were more pronounced in the CDC Traps compared with the Onderstepoort Traps. These results indicate that the addition of CO2 may increase the efficiency of these Traps for the collection of C. imicola and other livestock-associated Culicoides species.
-
the effect of 1 octen 3 ol and 4 methylphenol on culicoides midge numbers collected with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Karien Labuschagne, Solomon N B Boikanyo, D Majatladi, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Despite some shortcomings, suction Light Traps are the primary monitoring tool for the collection of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Factors that may increase the efficiency of these Traps need to be investigated. In the present study the numbers of Culicoides midges collected with two Onderstepoort black Light Traps baited with a mixture of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, as a potential olfactory cue, were compared to those of two unbaited Traps. Comparisons were done in two and three replicates of a 4 × 4 randomized Latin square design in the presence and absence of cattle. The addition of 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol, released at 9.1 and 15.5 mg/h, respectively, did not influence species richness, numbers collected, sex ratios or age-grading results. Comparisons of Culicoides numbers and especially the abundance of Culicoides imicola Kieffer in collections done in the presence and absence of cattle confirm previous findings that show that host animals will be the primary attraction for Culicoides midges and that Light Traps mostly sample midges already in the near vicinity of the host.
-
comparison of the efficiency of five suction Light Traps under field conditions in south africa for the collection of culicoides species
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, D Majatladi, K G Hermanides, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of a variety of pathogens, the economically most important being the orbiviruses that cause bluetongue and African horse sickness; both of which have been shown to be multi-vector diseases. The identification of all potential vectors will be crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction Light Traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories the efficiency of five Traps (Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright, BG-sentinel), used at present and in the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. Comparisons were done either in three replicates of a 4 × 4 or two replicates of a 5 × 5 randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges than the other Traps. Relatively small but statistically significant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different Traps. It will be important to determine the significance and underlying causes for these differences.
Gert J. Venter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
efficacy of alphacypermethrin treated high density polyethylene mesh applied to jet stalls housing horses against culicoides biting midges in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Patrick Page, Gert J. Venter, Karien Labuschagne, Johan P Schoeman, Alan John GuthrieAbstract:The efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated high density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh applied to jet stalls against Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) was determined by mechanical aspiration of midges from horses and using Onderstepoort 220 V downdraught black Light Traps in four blocks of a 3 × 2 randomised design under South African field conditions. The alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to the stall significantly (P = 0.008) reduced the number of Culicoides midges, predominantly Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer, mechanically aspirated from horses housed in the stall. The mesh reduced the Culicoides midge attack rate in the treated stall compared to the untreated stall and a sentinel horse by 6 times and 14 times, respectively. The number of Culicoides midges and C. imicola collected in Light Traps from the untreated and alphacypermethrin HDPE mesh-treated stalls did not differ significantly (P = 0.82). Alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh could be used to reduce exposure of horses in jet stalls to Culicoides midges, specifically C. imicola, and the risk of midge-borne Orbivirus transmission.
-
the repellent effect of organic fatty acids on culicoides midges as determined with suction Light Traps in south africa
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, Liesl Morey, M G SnymanAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of a 15% (w/w) mixture of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acids in Light mineral oil to repel Culicoides biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) was determined in three replicates of a 4 × 4 Latin square design under South African field conditions. The fatty acids were applied to ±0.07 m 2 polyester meshes with a mesh size 2–3 mm fitted to 220 V 8 W Onderstepoort downdraught Light Traps. To reduce the relatively strong attraction of the Light trap, the black Light tubes in the Onderstepoort trap were replaced with 8 W 23 cm white Light tubes. The Traps were operating overnight next to cattle. Two Traps treated with the mixture of fatty acids collected 1.7 times fewer midges than two untreated Traps. Although this mixture of fatty acids had shown a repellent effect against a number of blood-feeding insects this is the first indication that it also has a significant repellent effect against Culicoides species and especially Culicoides ( Avaritia ) imicola Kieffer when applied to polyester mesh.
-
comparison of the efficiency of five suction Light Traps under field conditions in south africa for the collection of culicoides species
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Gert J. Venter, Solomon N B Boikanyo, Karien Labuschagne, D Majatladi, K G Hermanides, Liesl MoreyAbstract:Abstract Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of a variety of pathogens, the economically most important being the orbiviruses that cause bluetongue and African horse sickness; both of which have been shown to be multi-vector diseases. The identification of all potential vectors will be crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction Light Traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories the efficiency of five Traps (Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright, BG-sentinel), used at present and in the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. Comparisons were done either in three replicates of a 4 × 4 or two replicates of a 5 × 5 randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges than the other Traps. Relatively small but statistically significant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different Traps. It will be important to determine the significance and underlying causes for these differences.
