The Experts below are selected from a list of 29550 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yebo Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Challenges and strategies for solid-state anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015Co-Authors: Liangcheng Yang, Fuqing Xu, Xumeng Ge, Yebo LiAbstract:Solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) has gained increasing attention in recent years, especially for digesting Lignocellulosic Biomass. Compared to liquid anaerobic digestion (L-AD), SS-AD handles feedstocks with higher total solids content, and therefore, performs more effectively at higher organic loading rates and has higher volumetric biogas productivity. Challenges facing SS-AD of Lignocellulosic Biomass are primarily related to its relatively low methane yield, potential instability, and low value end-products. These challenges are either due to the inherent limits of SS-AD (e.g. retarded mass transfer caused by high solid content) or can be attributed to the nature of Lignocellulosic Biomass (e.g. components recalcitrant to biodegradation). To address these challenges, a variety of methods, including pretreatment of feedstock, improvement of inoculation efficiency, co-digestion of multiple feedstocks, and upgrading biogas to higher-value transportation fuels, have been examined to enhance the performance of SS-AD and increase the value of the end products. This review summarizes these challenges in SS-AD of Lignocellulosic Biomass and discusses the mechanisms and feasibility of potential strategies for resolving them.
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polyols and polyurethanes from the liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Chemsuschem, 2014Co-Authors: Shengjun Hu, Yebo LiAbstract:Polyurethanes (PUs), produced from the condensation polymerizations between polyols and isocyanates, are one of the most versatile polymer families. Currently, both polyols and isocyanates are largely petroleum derived. Recently, there have been extensive research interests in developing bio-based polyols and PUs from renewable resources. As the world’s most abundant renewable Biomass, Lignocellulosic Biomass is rich in hydroxyl groups and has potential as a feedstock to produce bio-based polyols and PUs. Lignocellulosic Biomass can be converted to liquid polyols for PU applications through acid- or base-catalyzed atmospheric liquefaction processes using polyhydric alcohols as liquefaction solvents. Biomass liquefaction-derived polyols can be used to prepare various PU products, such as foams, films and adhesives. The properties of Biomass liquefaction-derived polyols and PUs depend on various factors, such as feedstock characteristics, liquefaction conditions, and PU formulations.
Samir Kumar Khanal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decentralized biorefinery for Lignocellulosic Biomass integrating anaerobic digestion with thermochemical conversion
Bioresource Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat, Sushil Adhikari, Shihwu Sung, Samir Kumar KhanalAbstract:Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) of Lignocellulosic Biomass i.e. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), was investigated via a series of batch and bench-scale experiments. Two semi-continuous bench-scale horizontal bioreactors were operated in parallel for nearly 300 days, and the reactors were able to handle the organic loading rate (OLR) up to 6 kg volatile solids (VS)/m3-d, which was among the highest OLR reported in the literature for Lignocellulosic Biomass. Hemicellulose was the main structural carbohydrate of Lignocellulosic Biomass per unit respective mass (dry weight) basis contributing to methane production. The cellulose- and lignin-rich digestate was further examined for its bioenergy potential via torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization, and was found to have higher mass and energy yield compared with those of raw Napier grass. The produced solid char has energy content similar to bituminous coal with low ash content. Thus, this study provided a successful integration of anaerobic digestion with thermochemical conversion representing a biorefinery concept for Lignocellulosic feedstocks.
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Anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Challenges and opportunities
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat, K C Surendra, Devin Takara, Hans Oechsner, Samir Kumar KhanalAbstract:Anaerobic digestion (AD) of Lignocellulosic Biomass provides an excellent opportunity to convert abundant bioresources into renewable energy. Rumen microorganisms, in contrast to conventional microorganisms, are an effective inoculum for digesting Lignocellulosic Biomass due to their intrinsic ability to degrade substrate rich in cellulosic fiber. However, there are still several challenges that must be overcome for the efficient digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Anaerobic biorefinery is an emerging concept that not only generates bioenergy, but also high-value biochemical/products from the same feedstock. This review paper highlights the current status of Lignocellulosic Biomass digestion and discusses its challenges. The paper also discusses the future research needs of Lignocellulosic Biomass digestion.
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Bioenergy and Biofuel from Biowastes and Biomass, 2010Co-Authors: Buddhi P. Lamsal, Prachand Shrestha, Samir Kumar KhanalAbstract:Lignocellulosic Biomasses are non-food energy resources, the worldwide terrestrial availability of which is estimated to be around 200 x 10 kg (220 billion ton) annually (Foust et al., 2008). A USDA and USDOE report estimates that the United States has the potential of producing 1.3 billion dry tons of Biomass annually after meeting food, feed and fiber demands, and exports (USDA and USDOE joint report, 2005), which could theoretically substitute more than 30% of the nation’s petroleum consumption. Thus, Biomass may play an important role in the domestic bio-based economy through production of a variety of biofuel and biomolecules. Major Lignocellulosic Biomass sources include forest and woody products along with agricultural residues, agricultural processing byproducts, and energy crops. Broadly, there are two major pathways for producing biofuels from Lignocellulosic feedstocks: biochemical conversion and thermochemical conversion. The biological route to obtain ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass is based on microbial fermentation of sugars derived from saccharification of cellulose Biomass. A simplified process overview of ethanol production from Lignocellulosic Biomass via the biochemical route is shown in Figure 10.1. As cellulose is protected by lignin and intertwining hemicellulose and pectin, it is not easily accessible to the enzymes for saccharification, thus necessitating pretreatment. Pretreatment is the first operation in Lignocellulosic ethanol production, which essentially prepares Biomass to enzyme hydrolysis. Various forms of pretreatment are: physical, e.g. mechanical comminution, extrusion; physical-chemical, e.g. steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, CO2 explosion; chemical, e.g. ozonolysis, high temperature acid treatment, alkali hydrolysis, organosolv; and biological pretreatment, e.g. fungal treatments of Biomass. They are well reviewed by several researchers (See Chapter 9 on Biomass Pretreatment). Depending on the type of pretreatment, the following can be accomplished: lignin breakup and crystallinity reduction in cellulose (mechanical), hemicellulose removal (acid treatment), delignification (alkaline, oxidative delignification, biological), breakup of internal lignin and hemicelluloses bonds (organosolv), size reduction (comminution), or the generation of high shear, high pressure (extrusion) conditions. In all cases, pretreatment prepares the Biomass for
E. Rouches - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improvement of anaerobic degradation by white-rot fungi pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A review
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: E. Rouches, I. Herpoël-gimbert, Jean-philippe Steyer, Helene CarrereAbstract:Anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass appears to be an efficient process for the production of energy whilst answering present-day environmental challenges. However, lignin contained in Lignocellulosic Biomass is hardly biodegradable, thus representing a major obstacle for maximum methane production. Consequently, although pretreatments need to be considered, their cost is a limit for their full-scale use. Biological pretreatments are a cheaper alternative in this context. Several biological pretreatments have been studied for anaerobic digestion: Ensiling, partial composting, specific microbial consortia, enzymes and fungi. Simple, inexpensive and efficient pretreatments can be obtained using fungi. White-rot fungi (WRF), have been considered as most capable of delignifying a substrate. However, their use in the pretreatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion is quite recent and still needs to be investigated. This review compares fungal pretreatment with other biological treatments for anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Enzymatic mechanisms for WRF pretreatments are then exposed. The literature data regarding the improvement of anaerobic digestibility with WRF pretreatment are summarized (anaerobic digestion and in vitro digestibility with rumen microorganisms). Finally, Lignocellulosic Biomass features allowing the improvement of anaerobic digestion are exposed (porosity, cellulose crystallinity, etc.). The possible effects of WRF on these characteristics are discussed and industrial perspectives for WRF pretreatments are presented.
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Improvement of anaerobic degradation by white-rot fungi pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass : A review
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: E. Rouches, Jean-philippe Steyer, Herpoël-gimbert I, Carrere HAbstract:Anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass appears to be an efficient process for the production of energy whilst answering present-day environmental challenges. However, lignin contained in Lignocellulosic Biomass is hardly biodegradable, thus representing a major obstacle for maximum methane production. Consequently, although pretreatments need to be considered, their cost is a limit for their full-scale use. Biological pretreatments are a cheaper alternative in this context. Several biological pre-treatments have been studied for anaerobic digestion: ensiling, partial composting, specific microbial consortia, enzymes and fungi. Simple, inexpensive and efficient pretreatments can be obtained using fungi. White-rot fungi (WRF), have been considered as most capable of delignifying a substrate. However, their use in the pretreatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion is quite recent and still needs to be investigated. This review compares fungal pretreatment with other biological treatments for anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Enzymatic mechanisms for WRF pretreatments are then exposed. The literature data regarding the improvement of anaerobic digestibility with WRF pretreatment are summarized (anaerobic digestion and in vitro digestibility with rumen microorganisms). Finally, Lignocellulosic Biomass features allowing the improvement of anaerobic digestion are exposed (porosity, cellulose crystallinity, etc.). The possible effects of WRF on these characteristics are discussed and industrial perspectives for WRF pretreatments are presented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Helene Carrere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improvement of anaerobic degradation by white-rot fungi pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A review
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: E. Rouches, I. Herpoël-gimbert, Jean-philippe Steyer, Helene CarrereAbstract:Anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass appears to be an efficient process for the production of energy whilst answering present-day environmental challenges. However, lignin contained in Lignocellulosic Biomass is hardly biodegradable, thus representing a major obstacle for maximum methane production. Consequently, although pretreatments need to be considered, their cost is a limit for their full-scale use. Biological pretreatments are a cheaper alternative in this context. Several biological pretreatments have been studied for anaerobic digestion: Ensiling, partial composting, specific microbial consortia, enzymes and fungi. Simple, inexpensive and efficient pretreatments can be obtained using fungi. White-rot fungi (WRF), have been considered as most capable of delignifying a substrate. However, their use in the pretreatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion is quite recent and still needs to be investigated. This review compares fungal pretreatment with other biological treatments for anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Enzymatic mechanisms for WRF pretreatments are then exposed. The literature data regarding the improvement of anaerobic digestibility with WRF pretreatment are summarized (anaerobic digestion and in vitro digestibility with rumen microorganisms). Finally, Lignocellulosic Biomass features allowing the improvement of anaerobic digestion are exposed (porosity, cellulose crystallinity, etc.). The possible effects of WRF on these characteristics are discussed and industrial perspectives for WRF pretreatments are presented.
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Biogas from Lignocellulosic Biomass : interest of pretreatments
2011Co-Authors: Helene Carrere, Florian Monlau, Abdellatif Barakat, Claire Dumas, Jean-philippe SteyerAbstract:Biomass deconstruction processes have been extensively studied as pretreatement of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for second generation bioethanol production. This paper proposes to review these processes with a special attention on their impact on Biomass structure and characteristics and to discuss the interest of using them as pretreatment to enhance anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic compounds. Studies showing the performance of pretreatments on biogas production from Lignocellulosic Biomass are also rewieved.
Jia Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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methane production from solid state anaerobic digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012Co-Authors: Lo Niee Liew, Jia ShiAbstract:Abstract Four Lignocellulosic Biomass feedstocks including corn stover, wheat straw, yard waste and leaves were evaluated for methane production via solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). Results showed that the highest methane yield was attained for corn stover (81.2 L kg −1 volatile solids (VS)), followed by wheat straw (66.9 L kg −1 VS), leaves (55.4 L kg −1 VS) and yard waste (40.8 L kg −1 VS) at a substrate to inoculum ( S / I ) ratio of 2. The methane production during SS-AD of tested Lignocellulosic Biomass followed the first-order kinetics model with correlation coefficients ( r 2 ) of 0.91–0.98. The main contributor to methane production during SS-AD of corn stover and wheat straw was the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose while the degradation of extractives was more predominant in yard waste and leaves. An inverse linear relationship was obtained between the methane yield and the lignin content and a positive linear relationship was found between the methane yield and the enzymatic digestibility of the Lignocellulosic Biomass.