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Whelan Peter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar (Thosea penthima)
Australian Medical Association, 2000Co-Authors: Isbister, Geoffrey K, Whelan PeterAbstract:We report the first case of envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar, Thosea penthima Turner (Limacodidae). The sting, on the forearm, caused immediate burning pain and local wheal formation. Pain radiated up the arm and there was severe "crushing" chest pain lasting four hours. The local pain persisted for 10 hours and required opiate analgesia.Date:2000-1
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Envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar (Thosea penthima)
Australian Medical Association, 2000Co-Authors: Isbister, Geoffrey K, Whelan PeterAbstract:We report the first case of envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar, Thosea penthima Turner (Limacodidae). The sting, on the forearm, caused immediate burning pain and local wheal formation. Pain radiated up the arm and there was severe "crushing" chest pain lasting four hours. The local pain persisted for 10 hours and required opiate analgesia
Isbister, Geoffrey K - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar (Thosea penthima)
Australian Medical Association, 2000Co-Authors: Isbister, Geoffrey K, Whelan PeterAbstract:We report the first case of envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar, Thosea penthima Turner (Limacodidae). The sting, on the forearm, caused immediate burning pain and local wheal formation. Pain radiated up the arm and there was severe "crushing" chest pain lasting four hours. The local pain persisted for 10 hours and required opiate analgesia.Date:2000-1
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Envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar (Thosea penthima)
Australian Medical Association, 2000Co-Authors: Isbister, Geoffrey K, Whelan PeterAbstract:We report the first case of envenomation by the billygoat plum stinging caterpillar, Thosea penthima Turner (Limacodidae). The sting, on the forearm, caused immediate burning pain and local wheal formation. Pain radiated up the arm and there was severe "crushing" chest pain lasting four hours. The local pain persisted for 10 hours and required opiate analgesia
Lamas, Carlos José Einicker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Description of the pupal case of Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann, 1830 (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Toxophorinae, Systropodini)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP)., 2009Co-Authors: Rodrigues, Paula Fernanda Motta, Lamas, Carlos José EinickerAbstract:The pupal case of Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann reared from an unidentified tipical Limacodidae (Lepidoptera) cocoon is described and illustrated for the first time. Only species of Limacodidae are recorded as host of the immature stages of S. (Systropus). The geographical distribution of S. (Systropus) nitidus is restricted to Brazil, from Pará to Santa Catarina states. This is the first pupal case description and illustration of a Neotropical species of the subgenus Systropus.O pupário de Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann, originado de uma crisálida não identificada típica de Limacodidae (Lepidoptera), é descrito e ilustrado pela primeira vez. Somente espécies de Limacodidae são registradas como hospedeiros de estágios imaturos de S. (Systropus). A distribuição geográfica de S. (Systropus) nitidus é restrita ao Brasil, do estado do Pará ao de Santa Catarina. Esta é a primeira descrição e ilustração de pupário de uma espécie Neotropical do subgênero Systropus
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Description of the pupal case of Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann, 1830 (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Toxophorinae, Systropodini)
USP, 2009Co-Authors: Rodrigues, Paula Fernanda Motta, Lamas, Carlos José EinickerAbstract:The pupal case of Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann reared from an unidentified tipical Limacodidae (Lepidoptera) cocoon is described and illustrated for the first time. Only species of Limacodidae are recorded as host of the immature stages of S. (Systropus). The geographical distribution of S. (Systropus) nitidus is restricted to Brazil, from Pará to Santa Catarina states. This is the first pupal case description and illustration of a Neotropical species of the subgenus Systropus.O pupário de Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann, originado de uma crisálida não identificada típica de Limacodidae (Lepidoptera), é descrito e ilustrado pela primeira vez. Somente espécies de Limacodidae são registradas como hospedeiros de estágios imaturos de S. (Systropus). A distribuição geográfica de S. (Systropus) nitidus é restrita ao Brasil, do estado do Pará ao de Santa Catarina. Esta é a primeira descrição e ilustração de pupário de uma espécie Neotropical do subgênero Systropus.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq
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Description of the pupal case of Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann, 1830 (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Toxophorinae, Systropodini)
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009Co-Authors: Rodrigues, Paula Fernanda Motta, Lamas, Carlos José EinickerAbstract:The pupal case of Systropus (Systropus) nitidus Wiedemann reared from an unidentified tipical Limacodidae (Lepidoptera) cocoon is described and illustrated for the first time. Only species of Limacodidae are recorded as host of the immature stages of S. (Systropus). The geographical distribution of S. (Systropus) nitidus is restricted to Brazil, from Pará to Santa Catarina states. This is the first pupal case description and illustration of a Neotropical species of the subgenus Systropus
Marc E Epstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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COMBINATIONS AND SYNONYMIES IN NEW WORLD LlMACODIDAE, MEGALOPYGIDAE, LASIOCAMPIDAE AND ARCTIIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA)
2016Co-Authors: Marc E Epstein, Vitor O Becker, Reva Bras ZoolAbstract:ABSTRACT. Six generic and 65 specific names are synonymized, 26 species are transferred toother genera, 30 removed from synonymy or from subspecific status. Blazia Schaus is transferred from Lymantriidae to Limacodidae, LlIrumll Walker and Renada Walker from Limacodidae to Lasiocampidae and Arctiidae, respec-tively. Renada is a junior synonym of Parades Walker. Several previously unrec-ognized Brazilian taxa described by Walke r, for which types are lost, have been identified. KEY WORDS. Lepidoptera, Limacodidae, Megalopygidae, combinations, synonymies The synonymies and new combinations in this paper are a result of the preparation of a list for Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera (BECKER & EPSTEIN, in press) (BECKER, in press). Most of these were obtained while checking types and during the course of identifying a synoptic collection taken by Becker to the USNM and to the BMNH. We also tried to clarify the genera and species described by WALKE
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www.ucr.ac.cr Www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu New species in the New World Natada complex (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
2016Co-Authors: Jorge F. Corrales, Marc E Epstein, Euprostema Dyar, Isa Packard, Platyprostema DyarAbstract:Euprostema wemilleri. Natada milluscula is the smallest known species in the complex. Of the new species, only Natada kokii, Natada cecilia and Narosopsis iallgauldi are known to occur outside ofCosta Rica. Previous1y the New World Natada complex had 43 species in the neotropics. It is anticipated that the proportion of new species in the complex wil exceed other major lineages of Limacodidae found in Costa Rica
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origin of the hungry caterpillar evolution of fasting in slug moths insecta lepidoptera Limacodidae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Jennifer M Zaspel, Susan J Weller, Marc E EpsteinAbstract:Studies of caterpillar defense strategy evolution typically focus on aposematic coloration, gregarious behavior, and/or chemical defense. In the slug moth family Limacodidae, the evolution of chemical defense is coupled to the life history trait of first instar feeding behaviors. In nettle caterpillars, the first instars fast and molt into a second instar that feeds. In contrast, gelatines and monkey slug larval forms feed in the first instar. This study focused on whether the evolution of fasting associated with the nettle morphology was a derived trait of single or multiple origins. Twenty-nine species of Limacodidae (including one Chrysopolominae) representing 27 genera and four outgroup species with known first and final instar morphologies and behaviors were included. Four out-group species representing Megalopygidae (1 sp), Dalceridae (1 sp) and Aididae (2 sp) were included. These were sequenced for three molecular markers for a total of 4073 bp, mitochondrial COI (∼1500 bp), 18S (∼1900 bp) and the D2 region of 28S (approximately 670 bp). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were conducted. The resulting phylogeny and comparative analysis of feeding strategy revealed that the nettle caterpillar morphology and behavior of larval fasting may have a single origin.
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chronicles of darna pallivitta moore 1877 lepidoptera Limacodidae biology and larval morphology of a new pest in hawaii
Pan-pacific Entomologist, 2007Co-Authors: Walter T Nagamine, Marc E EpsteinAbstract:The biology of Darna pallivitta (Moore 1877), an Asian species of nettle caterpillar recently introduced to the island of Hawaii, is described from this island population. The species is highly polyphagous and has stinging caterpillars commonly associated with Limacodidae. Information on mating, oviposition, potential fecundity, duration and number of instars, cocooning, pupation, and total development time are included. The female at eclosion was found to have 573.5 ± 184.1 eggs, of which 201.5 ± 53.5 were mature. Similar to other spiny species of Limacodidae, D. pallivitta was found to not feed until second instar. The duration of immature stages were as follows: egg (7.0 d), larval (53.0 ± 6.9 d), and cocoon (19.1 ± 1.0 d). First and second instars are described for the first time for a Darna species. In a family known for heteromorphic larvae, this is the first known example of a limacodid species with elongate first instar tubercles, which later develop into spiny, urticating scoli rather than becomi...
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New species in the New World Natada complex (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
Vicerractoría Investigación, 2000Co-Authors: Jorge F. Corrales, Marc E EpsteinAbstract:The following new species in the New World Natada complex are described: Natada minuscula, Natada cecilia, Natada lalogamezi, Natada kokii, Natada monteverdensis, Narosopsis iangauldi, and Euprosterna wemilleri. Natada minuscula is the smallest known species in the complex. Of the new species, only Natada kokii, Natada cecilia and Narosopsis iangauldi are known to occur outside of Costa Rica. Previously the New World Natada complex had 43 species in the neotropics. It is anticipated that the proportion of new species in the complex will exceed other major lineages of Limacodidae found in Costa Rica.Se describe las siguientes especies nuevas del complejo Natada del Nuevo Mundo: Natada minuscula, Natada cecilia, Natada lalogamezi, Natada kokii, Natada monteverdensis, Narosopsis iangauldi, and Euprosterna wemilleri. Natada minuscula es la especie más pequeña del complejo
John T Lill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The two caterpillar species.
2013Co-Authors: Teresa M. Stoepler, John T Lill, Julio C. Castillo, Ioannis EleftherianosAbstract:Photo of (A) Euclea delphinii and (B) Lithacodes fasciola ‘slug’ caterpillars (Limacodidae, Lepidoptera). Photo credit: John Lill.
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review of parasitoid wasps and flies hymenoptera diptera associated with Limacodidae lepidoptera in north america with a key to genera
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2012Co-Authors: Michael W. Gates, John T Lill, Shannon M. Murphy, Robert R Kula, James E Ohara, David B Wahl, David R Smith, James B Whitfield, Teresa M. StoeplerAbstract:Hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids of slug moth caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from North America are reviewed, and an illustrated key to 23 genera is presented. Limacodid surveys and rearing were conducted during the summer months of 2004–2009 as part of research on the ecology and natural history of Limacodidae in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A. Parasitoid rearing involved a combination of collecting naturally occurring larvae in the field (at least 14 host species) and placing out large numbers of “sentinel” larvae derived from laboratory colonies of three host species. Species in the following families are documented from limacodids in North America as primary or secondary parasitoids (number of genera for each family in parentheses; number of genera included in key but not reared through this research in brackets): Chalcididae ([1]; Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), Eulophidae (3; Chalcidoidea), Pteromalidae ([1]; Chalcidoidea), Trichogrammatidae (1; Chalcidoidea), Braconidae (3 [1]; Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), Ichneumonidae (7 [3]; Ichneumonoidea), Ceraphronidae (1; Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea), Trigonalidae (2; Hymenoptera: Trigonaloidea), Bombyliidae ([1]; Diptera: Asilioidea), and Tachinidae (3; Oestroidea). We recovered 20 of 28 genera known to attack limacodids in North America. Records discerned through rearing in the mid-Atlantic region are augmented with previously published host-parasitoid relationships for Limacodidae in North America north of Mexico. New records are reported for the following parasitoids (total new records in parentheses): Uramya limacodis (Walker) (1), U. pristis (Townsend) (5), Austrophorocera spp. (6), Ceraphron sp. (1), Alveoplectrus lilli Gates (1), Playplectrus americana (Girault) (10), Pediobius crassicornis (Thomson) (1), Trichogramma (1), Mesochorus discitergus (Say) (1), Hyposoter fugitivus (Say) (1), and Isdromas lycaenae (Howard) (5). The male of Platyplectrus americana (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is redescribed, and the female is described for the first time. Incidental and miscellaneous host-parasitoid associations are discussed, and it is concluded that most of these records are likely parasitoids of contaminants accidentally introduced during the limacodid rearing process. Triraphis eupoeyiae (Ashmead), new combination, is transferred from Rogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
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cascading effects of host size and host plant species on parasitoid resource allocation
Ecological Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Teresa M. Stoepler, John T Lill, Shannon M. MurphyAbstract:1. The bottom-up factors that determine parasitoid host use are an important area of research in insect ecology. Host size is likely to be a primary cue for foraging parasitoids due to its potential influence on offspring development time, the risk of multiparasitism, and host immunocompetence. Host size is mediated in part by host-plant traits that influence herbivore growth and potentially affect a herbivore's quality as a host for parasitoids. 2. Here, we tested how caterpillar host size and host plant species influence adult fly parasitoid size and whether host size influences wasp parasitoid sex allocation. We measured the hind tibia lengths and determined the sex of wasp and fly parasitoids reared from 11 common host species of polyphagous caterpillars (Limacodidae) that were in turn reared on foliage of seven different host plant species. 3. We also tested how host caterpillar species, host caterpillar size, and host and parasitoid phenology affect how the parasitoid community partitions host resources. We found evidence that parasitoids primarily partition their shared hosts based on size, but not by host species or phenology. One index of specialisation (d′) supports our observation that these parasitoids are quite generalised within the Limacodidae. In general, wasps were reared from caterpillars collected in early instars, while flies were reared from caterpillars collected in late instars. Furthermore, for at least one species of solitary wasp, host size influenced sex allocation of offspring by ovipositing females. 4. Host-plant quality indirectly affected the size attained by a tachinid fly parasitoid through its direct effects on the size and performance of the caterpillar host. The host plants that resulted in the highest caterpillar host performance in the absence of enemies also yielded the largest parasitoid flies, which suggests that host plant quality can cascade up to influence the third trophic level.
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winter predation of diapausing cocoons of slug caterpillars lepidoptera Limacodidae
Environmental Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Shannon M. Murphy, John T LillAbstract:Predators exert strong top-down pressure on herbivorous insects, but research on how predators affect herbivore fitness often focuses on the more active juvenile and adult life stages while ignoring the pupal or cocoon life stage. Few studies have investigated predation of lepidopteran pupae or cocoons and even fewer have investigated species that are not forest pests. Here we present a study on overwinter survival for two moth species in the family Limacodidae, a group of polyphagous species found in deciduous forests. We placed cocoons of the saddleback caterpillar, Acharia stimulea (Clemens), and the spiny oak-slug caterpillar, Euclea delphinii (Boisduval), in the field under saplings of six different tree species and monitored predation and survival. This is the first study to examine predation rate among different host plants within a site. We found that cocoon predation was fairly high and differed significantly between limacodid species (29% for A. stimulea vs. 22% for E. delphinii). Predation rate did not differ among the six host plant species that we tested and also did not vary annually. Through phenotypic selection analyses, we found that cocoon mass affected both the likelihood of predation and overwinter survival; larger cocoons were less likely to be depredated and more likely to successfully emerge the following year. Overall our results indicate that cocoon predation is an important source of mortality for these two limacodid species and that there may be positive selection for greater cocoon mass for both limacodid species.
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stinging spines protect slug caterpillars Limacodidae from multiple generalist predators
Behavioral Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Shannon M. Murphy, Susannah M Leahy, Laila S Williams, John T LillAbstract:Predators have played a significant role in the evolution of herbivorous insects, and we can observe a wide variety of larval defense mechanisms in nature, especially among members of the Lepidoptera. Slug caterpillars (Limacodidae) are known for their unusual morphologies, including various types of protuberances and stinging spines on their dorsal surfaces, which suggest that their evolution has been strongly shaped by their interactions with predators. We tested the hypothesis that limacodid larvae with stinging spines would suffer less predation from generalist predators than larvae that either did not possess stinging spines or were more lightly spined. In a series of behavioral bioassays, we tested the preferences of 2 different invertebrate predators (assassin bugs and paper wasps) for ‘‘spined’’ or ‘‘unspined’’ larvae. We found that all of the predators preferred the unspined or lightly spined prey species over the heavily spined limacodid species Acharia (¼Sibine) stimulea. Our results also indicate that at least one of the predators that we tested, the paper wasps, showed a form of aversion learning as indicated by a decreased number of inspections of A. stimulea after previous experience. We conclude that limacodid larvae that are heavily armored with stinging spines are well defended against attacks from invertebrate predators and are significantly more likely to survive predator encounters than are unspined or lightly spined larvae. Key words: antipredator, behavior, larval defense, Lepidoptera, Limacodidae, Polistes, predation, prey choice, Reduviidae. [Behav Ecol]