The Experts below are selected from a list of 2961 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Somnuk Tangtermsirikul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of free Lime Content on properties of cement–fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2020Co-Authors: Krittiya Kaewmanee, Pitisan Krammart, Taweechai Sumranwanich, Pongsak Choktaweekarn, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This research aims to clarify the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash according to EN-450. The form and existence of free Lime in fly ash by SEM, EDX, and free Lime Content by a titration method, were observed. Some basic properties of fly ashes with various free Lime Contents and durability properties of mortar incorporating the fly ashes were also preliminary studied. It was found that free Lime particles were mostly distributed outside the fly ash particles and that a minor amount of free Lime was encapsulated inside the fly ash particles in the fly ash formation process, meaning that the originally high free Lime and added free Lime similarly affects properties of fly ash mixtures. A free Lime addition method was selected by adding free Lime to the originally collected fly ash in order to vary free Lime Content of the fly ash. The studied basic properties consisted of normal consistency, autoclave expansion, initial and final setting time, water requirement, and compressive strength. In terms of durability, alkali-aggregate reaction, carbonation, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances, were investigated. Test results revealed that physical properties such as normal consistency and water requirement were unaffected by free Lime, and that a free Lime Content up to 4.51% had only slight chemical effects on fly ash–cement mixtures, i.e., faster setting, higher compressive strength, especially at early age, and higher autoclave expansion. However, the values of autoclave expansion were still within the standard limit. Regarding durability, mixtures with the high free Lime fly ash led to higher expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The expansion was smaller than that of a cement-only mixture. Carbonation depth, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances were only slightly affected by the added free Lime.
-
effect and limitation of free Lime Content in cement fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2016Co-Authors: Adnan Nawaz, Parnthep Julnipitawong, Pitisan Krammart, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:This study emphasizes the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash. A detailed experimental program was carried out in order to evaluate the extent to which free Lime Content in fly ash can be tolerated, particularly for fly ashes with different sulfur trioxide Contents. Some basic and durability properties of fly ash mixtures with varied free Lime Contents were considered. Four distinct types of fly ashes were obtained from two different sources, and free Lime was added to obtain overall free Lime Contents of 5%, 7% and 10% for each type of fly ash. Water requirement, initial and final setting times, compressive strength, autoclave expansion, alkali aggregate reaction (AAR), and sulfate resistance tests of fly ash mixtures, containing various free Lime Contents, with two fly ash replacement percentages (20% and 40%), were conducted. Experimental results revealed that an increase in the free Lime Content caused an increase in water requirement. Higher free Lime Content also lead to faster setting times, improved compressive strength, and higher autoclave expansion. Mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10% as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.72% experienced autoclave expansion within the specified limit of ASTM C618. Similar trends of expansion were observed in cases of alkali-aggregate reaction and sulfate resistance tests where fly ash mixtures with high free Lime led to higher expansion. In alkali-aggregate reaction testing, the mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.95%, as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10%, expanded less than the cement-only mixtures. The effect of added free Lime was more severe in the sulfate resistance test, as fly ash mixtures tend to expand more than cement-only mixtures, especially in the case of fly ashes with very high SO3 Content (>5%). Test results also revealed that it is possible to utilize 20% of tested fly ash in a mixture as binder, with SO3 Content <5% and free Lime Content up to 10% while not compromising the basic and durability properties. In the case of 40% fly ash replacement, tested fly ashes with SO3 < 5% and free Lime Content up to 4.23% can be utilized. In the case of high SO3 Content in fly ash, i.e., 8.53% and 9.44% in this study, the limit of free Lime Content of fly ash is reduced to 5.31% and 3.73%, for 20% and 40% fly ash replacements, respectively to satisfy the durability requirements.
-
Effect and limitation of free Lime Content in cement-fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2016Co-Authors: Adnan Nawaz, Parnthep Julnipitawong, Pitisan Krammart, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This study emphasizes the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash. A detailed experimental program was carried out in order to evaluate the extent to which free Lime Content in fly ash can be tolerated, particularly for fly ashes with different sulfur trioxide Contents. Some basic and durability properties of fly ash mixtures with varied free Lime Contents were considered. Four distinct types of fly ashes were obtained from two different sources, and free Lime was added to obtain overall free Lime Contents of 5%, 7% and 10% for each type of fly ash. Water requirement, initial and final setting times, compressive strength, autoclave expansion, alkali aggregate reaction (AAR), and sulfate resistance tests of fly ash mixtures, containing various free Lime Contents, with two fly ash replacement percentages (20% and 40%), were conducted. Experimental results revealed that an increase in the free Lime Content caused an increase in water requirement. Higher free Lime Content also lead to faster setting times, improved compressive strength, and higher autoclave expansion. Mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10% as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.72% experienced autoclave expansion within the specified limit of ASTM C618 . Similar trends of expansion were observed in cases of alkali-aggregate reaction and sulfate resistance tests where fly ash mixtures with high free Lime led to higher expansion. In alkali-aggregate reaction testing, the mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.95%, as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10%, expanded less than the cement-only mixtures. The effect of added free Lime was more severe in the sulfate resistance test, as fly ash mixtures tend to expand more than cement-only mixtures, especially in the case of fly ashes with very high SO 3 Content (>5%). Test results also revealed that it is possible to utilize 20% of tested fly ash in a mixture as binder, with SO 3 Content 3 3 Content in fly ash, i.e., 8.53% and 9.44% in this study, the limit of free Lime Content of fly ash is reduced to 5.31% and 3.73%, for 20% and 40% fly ash replacements, respectively to satisfy the durability requirements.
-
effect of free Lime Content on properties of cement fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Krittiya Kaewmanee, Pitisan Krammart, Taweechai Sumranwanich, Pongsak Choktaweekarn, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This research aims to clarify the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash according to EN-450. The form and existence of free Lime in fly ash by SEM, EDX, and free Lime Content by a titration method, were observed. Some basic properties of fly ashes with various free Lime Contents and durability properties of mortar incorporating the fly ashes were also preliminary studied. It was found that free Lime particles were mostly distributed outside the fly ash particles and that a minor amount of free Lime was encapsulated inside the fly ash particles in the fly ash formation process, meaning that the originally high free Lime and added free Lime similarly affects properties of fly ash mixtures. A free Lime addition method was selected by adding free Lime to the originally collected fly ash in order to vary free Lime Content of the fly ash. The studied basic properties consisted of normal consistency, autoclave expansion, initial and final setting time, water requirement, and compressive strength. In terms of durability, alkali-aggregate reaction, carbonation, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances, were investigated. Test results revealed that physical properties such as normal consistency and water requirement were unaffected by free Lime, and that a free Lime Content up to 4.51% had only slight chemical effects on fly ash–cement mixtures, i.e., faster setting, higher compressive strength, especially at early age, and higher autoclave expansion. However, the values of autoclave expansion were still within the standard limit. Regarding durability, mixtures with the high free Lime fly ash led to higher expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The expansion was smaller than that of a cement-only mixture. Carbonation depth, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances were only slightly affected by the added free Lime.
Jijo James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Role of Phosphogypsum and Ceramic Dust in Amending the Early Strength Development of a Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil
International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Jijo James, P. Kasinatha PandianAbstract:This investigation delves into the potential of two solid wastes viz. Phosphogypsum (PG) and Ceramic Dust (CD) in enhancing the development of the early strength of an expansive soil. The minimum Lime Content required for modification of the soil called as Lime Modification Optimum (LMO) was determined using pH test. The expansive soil was then stabilized using one Lime Content chosen below LMO and another Lime Content chosen above LMO. These two Lime Contents were amended with varying doses of the two solid wastes. The unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soil combinations with and without additives was determined after curing for three different periods of 2 hours, 3 days and 7 days. The results of the strength tests were analyzed and compared for the two solid wastes adopted as additives. The results showed that PG enabled a quicker development of strength of the Lime stabilized soil whereas CD did not have much of an influence on the early strength of the stabilized soil.
-
sugarcane press mud modification of expansive soil stabilized at optimum Lime Content strength mineralogy and microstructural investigation
Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Jijo JamesAbstract:Abstract This study attempted to investigate the potential of sugarcane press mud (PM) as a secondary additive in conjunction with Lime for the stabilization of an expansive soil. The physico-mechanical properties of an expansive soil, such as plasticity, shrink-swell behavior, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), mineralogical and microstructural characteristics were investigated. The expansive soil was stabilized at its optimum Lime Content (7%) for producing maximum strength, and was modified with four different quantities of PM in small dosages (0.25%–2%). Cylindrical soil samples, 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height, were cast and cured for varying periods to evaluate the strength of the amended soil. The spent samples after strength tests were further used for determination of other properties. The test results revealed that PM modification led to a substantial improvement in 7-d strength and noticeable increase in 28-d strength of the Lime-stabilized soil (LSS). The addition of PM does not cause any detrimental changes to the shrink–swell properties as well as plasticity nature of the stabilized soil, despite being a material of organic origin. Mineralogical investigation revealed that the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) minerals, similar to that of pure Lime stabilization with only the type of mineral varying due to the modification of PM addition, does not significantly alter the microstructure of the LSS except for superficial changes being noticed.
-
Sugarcane press mud modification of expansive soil stabilized at optimum Lime Content: Strength, mineralogy and microstructural investigation
Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Jijo JamesAbstract:Abstract This study attempted to investigate the potential of sugarcane press mud (PM) as a secondary additive in conjunction with Lime for stabilization of expansive soil. The physico-mechanical properties of expansive soil, such as plasticity, shrink-swell behavior, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), mineralogical and microstructural characteristics were investigated. The expansive soil was stabilized at optimum Lime Content (7%) for producing maximum strength, and was modified with four different quantities of PM in small dosages (0.25%-2%). Cylindrical soil samples, 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height, were cast and cured for varying periods to evaluate the strength of the amended soil. The spent samples after strength tests were further used for determination of other properties. The test results revealed that PM modification led to a substantial improvement in 7-d strength and noticeable increase in 28-d strength of the Lime-stabilized soil (LSS). The addition of PM does not cause any detrimental changes to the shrink-swell properties as well as plasticity nature of the stabilized soil, despite being a material of organic origin. Mineralogical investigation revealed that the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) minerals, similar to that of pure Lime stabilization with only the type of mineral varying due to modification of PM addition, does not significantly alter the microstructure of the LSS except for superficial changes being noticed.
-
Pozzolanic benefit of fly ash and steel slag blends in the development of uniaxial compressive strength of Lime stabilized soil
Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, 2018Co-Authors: Jijo James, Ebenezer Paul Billy Graham David, Mahalakshmi Nagarathinam, Mohan Kumar Thaniyarasu, Jayapal MadhuAbstract:This investigation involved the examination of pozzolanic benefits that resulted from the amendment of Lime stabilization of a soil by using a combination of two industrial wastes viz. Fly ash (FA) and Steel Slag (SS). Two Lime Contents (6% and 8%), which represented the control specimens, were selected for stabilizing the soil, one above the Initial Consumption of Lime (ICL) and the other above the Optimum Lime Content (OLC), respectively. The Lime to total solid waste ratio was maintained as 1:1, and the FA/SS ratio varied within the total solid waste Content adopted for amending Lime stabilization. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilized samples were determined by casting UCS specimens of 38 x 76 mm and cured for 2 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days. After curing, the specimens were strained until failure, to study the pozzolanic benefits of adding FA-SS. The results revealed that the addition of FA and SS improved the pozzolanic strength, ranging from 3.5% to 15%. The optimal dosage of FA and SS also varied with the Lime Content adopted. For the 6% Lime Content, a FA/SS ratio of 1:1 was found to be optimal, whereas for the 8% Lime Content, a FA/SS ratio of 3:1 was found to develop the maximum strength. The amendment of Lime stabilization with FA/SS clearly brought about the difference in Lime stabilization stages, unseen when only Lime was adopted as stabilizer.
-
Bagasse Ash as an Auxiliary Additive to Lime Stabilization of an Expansive Soil: Strength and Microstructural Investigation
Advances in Civil Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Jijo James, P. Kasinatha PandianAbstract:The study dealt with the effect of addition of sugarcane bagasse ash (BA) on the strength development of a Lime stabilized expansive soil. Unlike previous investigations with combinations of Lime and BA, this study compares the effect of Lime Contents determined by scientifically established procedures and the effect of BA on the stabilization of Lime at different proportions with additional microstructural investigations. The minimum Lime Content required for stabilization known as initial consumption of Lime (ICL) was determined using the Eades and Grim pH test as 5.5%. The optimum Lime Content (OLC) was determined using unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests as 7%. Another Lime Content less than ICL was randomly adopted as 3%. The three Lime Contents were mixed with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% BA. UCS samples of dimension 38 mm × 76 mm were prepared at a fixed dry density and moisture Content and cured for periods of 2 hours (0 days), 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to study the development of strength and effect of BA. Mineralogical and microstructural analyses were performed on the pulverized UCS samples after failure. The results revealed that the addition of BA increased the immediate, early, and delayed strength of Lime stabilized soil further, even when the Lime Content was lower than ICL. Addition of BA produced maximum immediate, early, and delayed strength gains of 58.3%, 20.7%, and 32.7%, respectively. Higher proportion of BA was required when Lime Content was above ICL, for maximum strength. Addition of BA resulted in better utilization of quartz in Lime-soil reactions leading to formation of CSH and CAH minerals. A dense compact matrix was seen on analyzing the microstructure of the stabilized soil composite.
Pitisan Krammart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of free Lime Content on properties of cement–fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2020Co-Authors: Krittiya Kaewmanee, Pitisan Krammart, Taweechai Sumranwanich, Pongsak Choktaweekarn, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This research aims to clarify the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash according to EN-450. The form and existence of free Lime in fly ash by SEM, EDX, and free Lime Content by a titration method, were observed. Some basic properties of fly ashes with various free Lime Contents and durability properties of mortar incorporating the fly ashes were also preliminary studied. It was found that free Lime particles were mostly distributed outside the fly ash particles and that a minor amount of free Lime was encapsulated inside the fly ash particles in the fly ash formation process, meaning that the originally high free Lime and added free Lime similarly affects properties of fly ash mixtures. A free Lime addition method was selected by adding free Lime to the originally collected fly ash in order to vary free Lime Content of the fly ash. The studied basic properties consisted of normal consistency, autoclave expansion, initial and final setting time, water requirement, and compressive strength. In terms of durability, alkali-aggregate reaction, carbonation, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances, were investigated. Test results revealed that physical properties such as normal consistency and water requirement were unaffected by free Lime, and that a free Lime Content up to 4.51% had only slight chemical effects on fly ash–cement mixtures, i.e., faster setting, higher compressive strength, especially at early age, and higher autoclave expansion. However, the values of autoclave expansion were still within the standard limit. Regarding durability, mixtures with the high free Lime fly ash led to higher expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The expansion was smaller than that of a cement-only mixture. Carbonation depth, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances were only slightly affected by the added free Lime.
-
effect and limitation of free Lime Content in cement fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2016Co-Authors: Adnan Nawaz, Parnthep Julnipitawong, Pitisan Krammart, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:This study emphasizes the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash. A detailed experimental program was carried out in order to evaluate the extent to which free Lime Content in fly ash can be tolerated, particularly for fly ashes with different sulfur trioxide Contents. Some basic and durability properties of fly ash mixtures with varied free Lime Contents were considered. Four distinct types of fly ashes were obtained from two different sources, and free Lime was added to obtain overall free Lime Contents of 5%, 7% and 10% for each type of fly ash. Water requirement, initial and final setting times, compressive strength, autoclave expansion, alkali aggregate reaction (AAR), and sulfate resistance tests of fly ash mixtures, containing various free Lime Contents, with two fly ash replacement percentages (20% and 40%), were conducted. Experimental results revealed that an increase in the free Lime Content caused an increase in water requirement. Higher free Lime Content also lead to faster setting times, improved compressive strength, and higher autoclave expansion. Mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10% as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.72% experienced autoclave expansion within the specified limit of ASTM C618. Similar trends of expansion were observed in cases of alkali-aggregate reaction and sulfate resistance tests where fly ash mixtures with high free Lime led to higher expansion. In alkali-aggregate reaction testing, the mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.95%, as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10%, expanded less than the cement-only mixtures. The effect of added free Lime was more severe in the sulfate resistance test, as fly ash mixtures tend to expand more than cement-only mixtures, especially in the case of fly ashes with very high SO3 Content (>5%). Test results also revealed that it is possible to utilize 20% of tested fly ash in a mixture as binder, with SO3 Content <5% and free Lime Content up to 10% while not compromising the basic and durability properties. In the case of 40% fly ash replacement, tested fly ashes with SO3 < 5% and free Lime Content up to 4.23% can be utilized. In the case of high SO3 Content in fly ash, i.e., 8.53% and 9.44% in this study, the limit of free Lime Content of fly ash is reduced to 5.31% and 3.73%, for 20% and 40% fly ash replacements, respectively to satisfy the durability requirements.
-
Effect and limitation of free Lime Content in cement-fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2016Co-Authors: Adnan Nawaz, Parnthep Julnipitawong, Pitisan Krammart, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This study emphasizes the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash. A detailed experimental program was carried out in order to evaluate the extent to which free Lime Content in fly ash can be tolerated, particularly for fly ashes with different sulfur trioxide Contents. Some basic and durability properties of fly ash mixtures with varied free Lime Contents were considered. Four distinct types of fly ashes were obtained from two different sources, and free Lime was added to obtain overall free Lime Contents of 5%, 7% and 10% for each type of fly ash. Water requirement, initial and final setting times, compressive strength, autoclave expansion, alkali aggregate reaction (AAR), and sulfate resistance tests of fly ash mixtures, containing various free Lime Contents, with two fly ash replacement percentages (20% and 40%), were conducted. Experimental results revealed that an increase in the free Lime Content caused an increase in water requirement. Higher free Lime Content also lead to faster setting times, improved compressive strength, and higher autoclave expansion. Mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10% as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.72% experienced autoclave expansion within the specified limit of ASTM C618 . Similar trends of expansion were observed in cases of alkali-aggregate reaction and sulfate resistance tests where fly ash mixtures with high free Lime led to higher expansion. In alkali-aggregate reaction testing, the mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 7.95%, as well as mixtures with 40% fly ash replacement and free Lime Content up to 10%, expanded less than the cement-only mixtures. The effect of added free Lime was more severe in the sulfate resistance test, as fly ash mixtures tend to expand more than cement-only mixtures, especially in the case of fly ashes with very high SO 3 Content (>5%). Test results also revealed that it is possible to utilize 20% of tested fly ash in a mixture as binder, with SO 3 Content 3 3 Content in fly ash, i.e., 8.53% and 9.44% in this study, the limit of free Lime Content of fly ash is reduced to 5.31% and 3.73%, for 20% and 40% fly ash replacements, respectively to satisfy the durability requirements.
-
effect of free Lime Content on properties of cement fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Krittiya Kaewmanee, Pitisan Krammart, Taweechai Sumranwanich, Pongsak Choktaweekarn, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This research aims to clarify the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash according to EN-450. The form and existence of free Lime in fly ash by SEM, EDX, and free Lime Content by a titration method, were observed. Some basic properties of fly ashes with various free Lime Contents and durability properties of mortar incorporating the fly ashes were also preliminary studied. It was found that free Lime particles were mostly distributed outside the fly ash particles and that a minor amount of free Lime was encapsulated inside the fly ash particles in the fly ash formation process, meaning that the originally high free Lime and added free Lime similarly affects properties of fly ash mixtures. A free Lime addition method was selected by adding free Lime to the originally collected fly ash in order to vary free Lime Content of the fly ash. The studied basic properties consisted of normal consistency, autoclave expansion, initial and final setting time, water requirement, and compressive strength. In terms of durability, alkali-aggregate reaction, carbonation, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances, were investigated. Test results revealed that physical properties such as normal consistency and water requirement were unaffected by free Lime, and that a free Lime Content up to 4.51% had only slight chemical effects on fly ash–cement mixtures, i.e., faster setting, higher compressive strength, especially at early age, and higher autoclave expansion. However, the values of autoclave expansion were still within the standard limit. Regarding durability, mixtures with the high free Lime fly ash led to higher expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The expansion was smaller than that of a cement-only mixture. Carbonation depth, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances were only slightly affected by the added free Lime.
P V Sivapullaiah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Role of Gypsum in the Strength Development of Fly Ashes with Lime
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: P V Sivapullaiah, Arif Ali Baig MoghalAbstract:The strength of fly ash mixture often needs to be enhanced for its better utilization in geotechnical and environmental applications. Many fly ashes often improve their strength with Lime but may not meet the requirements. Gypsum, which reduces the Lime leachability, further improves the strength. An attempt is made in this paper to study the effect of gypsum on the strength development of two Class F fly ashes with different Lime Contents after curing them for different periods. The sustainability of improved strength has been examined after soaking the cured specimens in water and with different leachates containing heavy-metal ions. The strength of both the fly ashes investigated improved markedly up to a particular amount of the Lime Content, which can be taken as optimum Lime Content, and thereafter the improvement is gradual. The improvement in strength at higher Lime Contents continues for a longer period (even up to 180 days). Gypsum accelerates the gain in strength for Lime-stabilized fly ashes, particularly in the initial curing periods at about optimum Lime Content. At high Lime Contents gypsum attributes very high strength after curing for long periods mainly due to the alteration of fly ash Lime reaction compounds. Gypsum not only improves the reduction in the loss of strength due to soaking even at low curing periods but also improves the durability of stabilized fly ashes due to repeated cycles of wetting and drying.
-
role of moulding water Content in Lime stabilisation of soil
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, 2011Co-Authors: Heddur Nagappa Gowda Ramesh, P V SivapullaiahAbstract:The role of moulding water Content, from the dry side of the optimum to the wet side of optimum, in the strength development in Lime-treated soils was investigated in the present study. During compaction, the structure of clay particles can change from a flocculated to a dispersed structure as the water Content is increased from the dry side of optimum to the wet side of optimum. For efficient formation of pozzolanic compounds, the water Content of the soil–Lime mixture should be kept as high as possible. The improvement in the strength of Indian black cotton soil treated with different amounts of Lime Content at different water Contents and cured for varying curing periods was studied. The results clearly showed that the strength of black cotton soil treated with Lime Content increased better when compacted on the dry side of optimum, the other parameters remaining the same. Further, the optimum Lime varied with moulding water Content and curing period.
-
optimum Lime Content of fly ash with salt
Ground Improvement, 2003Co-Authors: B S Narendra, P V Sivapullaiah, H N RameshAbstract:The pozzolanic reactivity of fly ash, which plays an important role in its utilisation for geotechnical applications, depends on the reactive silica and the Lime Content. Fly ashes containing sufficient reactive silica but insufficient Lime Content improve strength on the addition of Lime. The development of strength up to optimum Lime Content is particularly high. The formation of pozzolanic reaction compounds, which is responsible for improvement of strength, can be enhanced in the presence of sodium chloride. This can possibly be attributed to the higher solubility of silica and the formation of sodium silicate hydrate rather than calcium silicate hydrate. More voluminous pozzolanic compounds with higher water-holding capacity that can bind fly ash particles, leading to increased strength, are formed in the presence of sodium chloride. This paper examines the effect of sodium chloride on the free swell, liquid limit and strength of a lignitic fly ash obtained from Neyveli with different Lime Contents, ...
-
optimum Lime Content for fly ashes and the role of the curing period
Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2000Co-Authors: P V Sivapullaiah, J P Prashanth, A SridharanAbstract:The determination of the optimum Lime Content of fly ash is very important to enhance its use. Recently, methods have been established to obtain the optimum Lime Content of fly ashes. Strength obtained at different ages becomes important for different applications. The effect of the curing period on the optimum Lime Content of fly ashes is not established, nor are methods available for obtaining the same. Based on detailed strength tests on different fly ashes with various Lime Contents after curing for different periods, it has been established that the effect of the curing period becomes important for optimum Lime Content of certain fly ashes depending upon their chemical composition. The optimum Lime Content corresponds to the production of a maximum amount of calcium silicate hydrate compounds of Type I. In addition to the strength test, the sediment volume test has also been used to study the effect of the curing period on the optimum Lime Content of the fly ashes. Both methods compared well and hence the simpler free swell sediment volume test may be adopted.
-
optimization of Lime Content for fly ash
Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 1995Co-Authors: P V Sivapullaiah, J P Prashanth, A SridharanAbstract:Abundant quantities of fly ash have been produced by thermal power plants situated ail over the world. Many applications of fly ash depend upon its pozzolanic reactivity. This reactivity depends upon many factors, including Lime Content. Many fly ashes show marked improvement with the addition of Lime. However, for every fly ash, there is an optimum Lime Content for its maximum reactivity. There is no well-established simple test to determine the optimum Lime Content. In this paper an attempt is made to use a simple physical and physico chemical test to determine the optimum Lime Content. The principle behind the use of a pH test, liquid limit test, and free swell index test to determine the optimum Lime Content has been explained. All the methods predict nearly the same optimum Lime Content and correlate well with that determined by the strength test.
Krittiya Kaewmanee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of free Lime Content on properties of cement–fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2020Co-Authors: Krittiya Kaewmanee, Pitisan Krammart, Taweechai Sumranwanich, Pongsak Choktaweekarn, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This research aims to clarify the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash according to EN-450. The form and existence of free Lime in fly ash by SEM, EDX, and free Lime Content by a titration method, were observed. Some basic properties of fly ashes with various free Lime Contents and durability properties of mortar incorporating the fly ashes were also preliminary studied. It was found that free Lime particles were mostly distributed outside the fly ash particles and that a minor amount of free Lime was encapsulated inside the fly ash particles in the fly ash formation process, meaning that the originally high free Lime and added free Lime similarly affects properties of fly ash mixtures. A free Lime addition method was selected by adding free Lime to the originally collected fly ash in order to vary free Lime Content of the fly ash. The studied basic properties consisted of normal consistency, autoclave expansion, initial and final setting time, water requirement, and compressive strength. In terms of durability, alkali-aggregate reaction, carbonation, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances, were investigated. Test results revealed that physical properties such as normal consistency and water requirement were unaffected by free Lime, and that a free Lime Content up to 4.51% had only slight chemical effects on fly ash–cement mixtures, i.e., faster setting, higher compressive strength, especially at early age, and higher autoclave expansion. However, the values of autoclave expansion were still within the standard limit. Regarding durability, mixtures with the high free Lime fly ash led to higher expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The expansion was smaller than that of a cement-only mixture. Carbonation depth, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances were only slightly affected by the added free Lime.
-
effect of free Lime Content on properties of cement fly ash mixtures
Construction and Building Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Krittiya Kaewmanee, Pitisan Krammart, Taweechai Sumranwanich, Pongsak Choktaweekarn, Somnuk TangtermsirikulAbstract:Abstract This research aims to clarify the limitation of free Lime Content in fly ash according to EN-450. The form and existence of free Lime in fly ash by SEM, EDX, and free Lime Content by a titration method, were observed. Some basic properties of fly ashes with various free Lime Contents and durability properties of mortar incorporating the fly ashes were also preliminary studied. It was found that free Lime particles were mostly distributed outside the fly ash particles and that a minor amount of free Lime was encapsulated inside the fly ash particles in the fly ash formation process, meaning that the originally high free Lime and added free Lime similarly affects properties of fly ash mixtures. A free Lime addition method was selected by adding free Lime to the originally collected fly ash in order to vary free Lime Content of the fly ash. The studied basic properties consisted of normal consistency, autoclave expansion, initial and final setting time, water requirement, and compressive strength. In terms of durability, alkali-aggregate reaction, carbonation, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances, were investigated. Test results revealed that physical properties such as normal consistency and water requirement were unaffected by free Lime, and that a free Lime Content up to 4.51% had only slight chemical effects on fly ash–cement mixtures, i.e., faster setting, higher compressive strength, especially at early age, and higher autoclave expansion. However, the values of autoclave expansion were still within the standard limit. Regarding durability, mixtures with the high free Lime fly ash led to higher expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The expansion was smaller than that of a cement-only mixture. Carbonation depth, shrinkage, and chloride and sulfate resistances were only slightly affected by the added free Lime.