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Shiro Ishikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kalman filter in quantum language
arXiv: Statistics Theory, 2014Co-Authors: Shiro Ishikawa, Kohshi KikuchiAbstract:Recently, we proposed measurement theory ( or. quantum language) as a Linguistic Turn of quantum mechanics (with the Copenhagen interpretation). This theory has a great power of scientific descriptions. In fact, we have continued asserting that even statistics can be described in terms of measurement theory. Thus, we believe that quantum language is future statistics (i.e., statistics will develop into quantum language). However, now we think that our arguments were too abstract and philosophical, that is, we should have presented concrete examples much more. Thus, in this paper, we show that the calculation of Kalman filter is more understandable in terms of quantum language than in terms of usual statistics. For this, we devote ourselves to statistical measurement theory, in which the Bertrand paradox is discussed.
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a quantum Linguistic characterization of the reverse relation between confidence interval and hypothesis testing
arXiv: Statistics Theory, 2014Co-Authors: Shiro IshikawaAbstract:Although there are many ideas for the formulations of statistical hypothesis testing, we consider that the likelihood ratio test is the most reasonable and orthodox. However, it is not handy, and thus, it is not usual in elementary books. That is, the statistical hypothesis testing written in elementary books is different from the likelihood ratio test. Thus, from the theoretical point of view, we have the following question: "What is the statistical hypothesis testing written in elementary books?" For example, we consider that even the difference between "one sided test" and "two sided test" is not clear yet. In this paper, we give an answer to this question. That is, we propose a new formulation of statistical hypothesis testing, which is contrary to the confidence interval methods. In other words, they are two sides of the same coin. This will be done in quantum language (or, measurement theory), which is characterized as the Linguistic Turn of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, and also, a kind of system theory such that it is applicable to both classical and quantum systems. Since quantum language is suited for theoretical arguments, we believe that our results are essentially final as a general theory.
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monty hall problem and the principle of equal probability in measurement theory
Applied Mathematics-a Journal of Chinese Universities Series B, 2012Co-Authors: Shiro IshikawaAbstract:In this paper, we study the principle of equal probability (i.e., unless we have sufficient reason to regard one possible case as more probable than another, we treat them as equally probable) in measurement theory (i.e., the theory of quantum mechanical world view), which is characterized as the Linguistic Turn of quantum mechanics with the Copenhagen interpretation. This Turn from physics to language does not only realize theremarkable extensionof quantum mechanicsbut alsoestablish the method of science. Our study will be executed in the easy example of the Monty Hall problem. Although our argument is simple, we believe that it is worth pointing out the fact that the principle of equal probability can be, for the first time, clarified in measurement theory (based on the dualism) and not the conventional statistics (based on Kolmogorov’s probability theory).
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ergodic hypothesis and equilibrium statistical mechanics in the quantum mechanical world view
wjm, 2012Co-Authors: Shiro IshikawaAbstract:In this paper, we study and answer the following fundamental problems concerning classical equilibrium statistical mechanics: 1): Is the principle of equal a priori probabilities indispensable for equilibrium statistical mechanics? 2): Is the ergodic hypothesis related to equilibrium statistical mechanics? Note that these problems are not yet answered, since there are several opinions for the formulation of equilibrium statistical mechanics. In order to answer the above questions, we first introduce measurement theory (i.e., the theory of quantum mechanical world view), which is characterized as the Linguistic Turn of quantum mechanics. And we propose the measurement theoretical foundation of equili-brium statistical mechanics, and further, answer the above 1) and 2), that is, 1) is “No”, but, 2) is “Yes”.
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quantum mechanics and the philosophy of language reconsideration of traditional philosophies
Journal of Quantum Information Science, 2012Co-Authors: Shiro IshikawaAbstract:Recently we proposed “a new interpretation of quantum mechanics (called quantum and classical measurement theory)” in this journal (JQIS: Vol. 1, No. 2), which was characterized as the metaphysical and Linguistic Turn of quantum mechanics. This Turn from physics to language does not only realize the remarkable extension of quantum mechanics but also yield the quantum mechanical world view (i.e., the philosophy of quantum mechanics). And thus, the Turn urges us to dream that traditional philosophies (i.e., Parmenides, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, John Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Saussure, Wittgenstein, etc.) can be understood in the quantum mechanical world view. This dream will be challenged in this paper. We, of course, know that most scientists are skeptical to philosophy. Still, we can expect that readers find a good Linguistic philosophy (i.e. philosophy of language) in quantum mechanics.
Oliver Kessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on order and conflict international relations and the communicative Turn
Review of International Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Mathias Albert, Oliver Kessler, Stephan StetterAbstract:This article begins from the observation that while communication is a widely used catch-phrase in current IR theorising, the very concept of ‘communication’ is still mainly treated in terms of simple sender-receiver models which do not sufficiently elaborate how the insights of the ‘communicative Turn’ can be made fruitful for IR theorising. The argument is developed in three steps. First – particularly drawing on the work of Karl W. Deutsch – we identify those pockets in IR theory, namely conflict studies and theories of ‘communicative action’, in which ‘communication’ plays a considerable theoretical role. Second, it is claimed that placing ‘communication’ at the centre of any theory of IR requires taking full account of the theoretical consequences of the ‘Linguistic Turn’. To develop this argument requires an examination of the often implicit notion of ‘communication’ in contemporary uses of speech act theory and symbolic interactionism in current IR theory. Such a move necessarily leads to the diagnosis that all social systems and orders of exchange, including international relations, are communicatively constituted. Finally, such a view enables a reconfiguration of the central problems of ‘order’ and ‘conflict’ in IR theory in an innovative fashion: while the problem of order can be restated not as the problem of establishing regularities and patterns but as a problem of disconnecting communications, the problem of conflict can be restated not as a problem of a disruption of communication but as a problem of continuing conflict communication.
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From agents and structures to minds and bodies: of supervenience, quantum, and the Linguistic Turn
Journal of International Relations and Development, 2007Co-Authors: Oliver KesslerAbstract:This article argues that ‘middle-ground’ constructivism is based on an uneasy tension between mental causality and rump materialism that shows itself as a conflict between upward determination of ideas and their downward causation on the material world. Even Alexander Wendt's recent Turn to quantum and a holographic model of society does not solve this problem. Instead, his Turn shows that the more mental causality and thus an autonomy of ‘consciousness’ is granted, the more an ontologically based constructivism becomes implausible. In clarifying differences and similarities between different strands of constructivism, this article argues for a reorientation of our focus on the mind–body problem. From this perspective, however, constructivism presents itself not as some middle ground, but is rather characterized by its attempt to overcome Cartesian categories.
Touko Piiparinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reclaiming the human stratum acknowledging the complexity of social behaviour from the Linguistic Turn to the social cube in theory of decision making
Journal for The Theory of Social Behaviour, 2006Co-Authors: Touko PiiparinenAbstract:Roy Bhaskar's Social Cube model based on critical realist philosophy has not been dealt with in theory of decision-making at any length, nor has it raised any notable debate in social theory in general. The model demonstrates that decision-making is regulated and transformed by a constantly evolving complexity of mechanisms emerging from physical, mental, material, human and social levels of reality. With the help of this device, Graham Allison's argument against the Rational Actor Model (RAM) that decisions are not so much acts of unitary decision-makers but more outputs of large organisations can be elaborated and converted into a statement that decisions are products of a complexity of knowledge-producing mechanisms. The openness of social systems revealed by the Social Cube therefore requires methodological pluralism, for example the application of psychological theories in order to explain political phenomena. By applying the Social Cube model and by drawing new empirical evidence from the Linda Melvern Rwanda Genocide Archive, this article demonstrates that the Somalia effect on the UN's failure in Rwanda was more complicated than the existing literature claims; it was "multi-layered", generated not only by intentional political calculations, as previous studies argue, but also by a multiplicity of other mechanisms operative at various levels, particularly cognitive dissonance in organisational learning at the unintentional or subconscious level.
Richard Rorty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wittgenstein and the Linguistic Turn
From ontos verlag: Publications of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society - New Series, 2013Co-Authors: Richard RortyAbstract:There are profound differences of opinion among contemporary philosophersboth about whether Wittgenstein is worth reading and about whatone can learn from him. They parallel disagreements about whether, and in what sense, philosophical problems are problems of language. In this paper, I shall describe three views of Wittgenstein, corresponding to threeways of thinking about the so-called “Linguistic Turn in philosophy”. Doingso will help me defend two claims for which I have argued in the past. First: there is no interesting sense in which philosophical problems areproblems of language. Second: the Linguistic Turn was useful nevertheless,for it Turned philosophers’ attention from the topic of experience towards that of Linguistic behavior. That shift helped break the hold of empiricism—and, more broadly, of representationalism.
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philosophy as cultural politics
2007Co-Authors: Richard RortyAbstract:Part I. Religion and Morality from a Pragmatist Point of View: 1. Cultural politics and the question of the existence of God 2. Pragmatism as romantic polytheism 3. Justice as a larger loyalty 4. Honest mistakes Part II. Philosophy's Place in Culture: 5. Grandeur, profundity and finitude 6. Philosophy as a transitional genre 7. Pragmatism and romanticism 8. Analytic and conversational philosophy Part III. Current Issues within Analytic Philosophy: 9. A pragmatist view of contemporary analytic philosophy 10. Naturalism and quietism 11. Wittgenstein and the Linguistic Turn 12. Holism and historicism 13. Kant vs. Dewey: the current situation of moral philosophy.
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wittgenstein heidegger and the reification of language
1993Co-Authors: Richard RortyAbstract:What Gustav Bergmann christened “the Linguistic Turn” was a rather desperate attempt to keep philosophy an armchair discipline. The idea was to mark off a space for a priori knowledge into which neither sociology nor history nor art nor natural science could intrude. It was an attempt to find a substitute for Kant's “transcendental standpoint.” The replacement of “mind” or “experience” by “meaning” was supposed to insure the purity and autonomy of philosophy by providing it with a nonempirical subject matter. Linguistic philosophy was, however, too honest to survive. When, with the later Wittgenstein, this kind of philosophy Turned its attention to the question of how such a “pure” study of language was possible, it realized that it was not possible - that semantics had to be naturalized if it were to be, in Donald Davidson's phrase, “preserved as a serious subject.” The upshot of Linguistic philosophy is, I would suggest, Davidson's remark that “there is no such thing as a language, not if a language is anything like what philosophers . . . have supposed. . . . We must give up the idea of a clearly defined shared structure which language users master and then apply to cases.“ This remark epitomizes what Ian Hacking has called “the death of meaning” - the end of the attempt to make language a transcendental topic.
Michael Turk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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otto neurath and the Linguistic Turn in economics
Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 2016Co-Authors: Michael TurkAbstract:In the history of economic thought Otto Neurath, who is known foremost for spearheading the development of the Vienna Circle of philosophers, has served largely as a foil for his advocacy of in-kind calculation and economic planning. Yet Neurath, who was trained as an economist and wrote extensively about economics, including its philosophical foundations, held an abiding interest in the use of language in science, and was strongly influenced by Turn-of-the-twentieth-century conventionalists, among them Henri PoincarA© and Pierre Duhem. Consequently, Neurath’s critique of what he saw as the conceptual flaws of economics and its too narrow framework as price theory was rooted as much in its imprecise and ‘unsorted’ use of language as in his critical view of capitalism. As such, he anticipated the ‘Linguistic Turn’ in economics that gained prominence only a half-century later, without any recognition of his presaging role.
