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S J Cryz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • duration of efficacy of ty21a attenuated salmonella typhi live oral vaccine
    Vaccine, 1999
    Co-Authors: Myron M Levine, Catterine Ferreccio, Paulina Abrego, Oriana San Martin, Edith Ortiz, S J Cryz
    Abstract:

    Currently, two different Formulations of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine are commercialized. The enteric-coated capsule Formulation was licensed based on results of three years of follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind field trial in Area Occidente, Santiago, Chile, which demonstrated that three doses of this Formulation, given on an every other day immunization schedule, conferred the best protection among several options evaluated. Subsequently, a Liquid Formulation (lyophilized vaccine organisms reconstituted with buffer and water into a vaccine cocktail) was commercialized after it was shown to provide superior protection than enteric-coated capsules over three years of follow-up in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial in Area Sur Oriente and Area Norte, Santiago. Surveillance in the Area Occidente trial was continued for four additional years (i.e., total seven years of follow-up) and in the Area Sur Oriente/Area Norte trial for two additional years (i.e., a total of five years of follow-up). These additional surveillance data, which were analyzed to ascertain the longevity of protection conferred by these Formulations of Ty21a, revealed that three doses of Ty21a in enteric-coated capsules (every other day schedule) conferred 67% protection over three years and 62% protection over seven years of follow-up, whereas three doses of Liquid Formulation (every other day schedule) elicited 77% protection over three years and 78% over five years of follow-up. Based on its excellent clinical acceptability, ease of oral administration, proven practicality in school-based mass immunization, and long-term efficacy enduring at least seven years, it is proposed that school-based immunization with Ty21a be utilized as a control measure in areas where the incidence of typhoid fever is high and Salmonella typhi are antibiotic-resistant.

  • safety and immunogenicity of salmonella typhi ty21a vaccine in young thai children
    Infection and Immunity, 1993
    Co-Authors: S J Cryz, N Vanprapar, Usa Thisyakorn, T Olanratmanee, Supornpim Chearskul
    Abstract:

    Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine in a Liquid Formulation was evaluated in 634 Thai children 2 to 6 years of age. The seroconversion rate was 69% for those who received vaccine versus 14% for those who received placebo (P

  • safety and immunogenicity of salmonella typhi ty21a Liquid Formulation vaccine in 4 to 6 year old thai children
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1992
    Co-Authors: T Olanratmanee, Usa Thisyakorn, Myron M Levine, Genny Losonsky, S J Cryz
    Abstract:

    The safety and immunogenicity of the Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine in Liquid form was evaluated in 170 Thai children 4–6 years of age. Subjects were randomized to receive either 3 doses of vaccine or placebo on alternate days in a double-blind fashion. Three mild adverse reactions were noted, all in the placebo group. Of the vaccine recipients, 69 of 83 (83%) responded with a significant rise in serum anti-S. typhi LPS antibody compared to 11 of 76 (14%) placebo recipients (P < 0.001).

K C Cameron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inhibition of ammonium oxidation by a Liquid Formulation of 3 4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate dmpp compared with a dicyandiamide dcd solution in six new zealand grazed grassland soils
    Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2011
    Co-Authors: K C Cameron
    Abstract:

    The oxidation of ammonium (NH 4 + ) to nitrate (NO 3 − ) in the soil is an important biogeochemical process, which has major environmental implications as it can contribute to NO 3 − leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrification inhibitors have been used to slow down this process to reduce NO 3 − leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural land. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Liquid Formulation of 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) compared with a dicyandiamide (DCD) solution in inhibiting the growth of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) and slowing down the rate of NH 4 + oxidation in soil. An incubation study was conducted to determine the effect of Liquid DMPP and a DCD solution on AOB and AOA population growth and on the rate of NH 4 + oxidation following the application of an ammonium source in the form of animal urine at the equivalent rate of 1,000 kg N ha−1 in six grazed grassland soils. The results showed that the growth of the AOB population, as measured by the functional amoA gene copy numbers, was effectively inhibited by both DMPP and DCD. This inhibition by both inhibitors significantly decreased the ammonium oxidation rate constants in all six soils. The half-lives of ammonium in the soils were significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 31 to 58 days in the urine treatments to 109–285 days when DCD or DMPP was applied. There was no significant difference in the NH 4 + oxidation rates between the DMPP and DCD treatments across the six soils. These results indicate that both DMPP and DCD have the potential to be used to treat grazed pasture soils to reduce nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions.

  • inhibition of ammonium oxidation by a Liquid Formulation of 3 4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate dmpp compared with a dicyandiamide dcd solution in six new zealand grazed grassland soils
    Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2011
    Co-Authors: K C Cameron
    Abstract:

    Purpose The oxidation of ammonium (NH 4 + ) to nitrate (NO 3 − ) in the soil is an important biogeochemical process, which has major environmental implications as it can contribute to NO 3 − leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrification inhibitors have been used to slow down this process to reduce NO 3 − leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural land. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Liquid Formulation of 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) compared with a dicyandiamide (DCD) solution in inhibiting the growth of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) and slowing down the rate of NH 4 + oxidation in soil.

Myron M Levine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • duration of efficacy of ty21a attenuated salmonella typhi live oral vaccine
    Vaccine, 1999
    Co-Authors: Myron M Levine, Catterine Ferreccio, Paulina Abrego, Oriana San Martin, Edith Ortiz, S J Cryz
    Abstract:

    Currently, two different Formulations of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine are commercialized. The enteric-coated capsule Formulation was licensed based on results of three years of follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind field trial in Area Occidente, Santiago, Chile, which demonstrated that three doses of this Formulation, given on an every other day immunization schedule, conferred the best protection among several options evaluated. Subsequently, a Liquid Formulation (lyophilized vaccine organisms reconstituted with buffer and water into a vaccine cocktail) was commercialized after it was shown to provide superior protection than enteric-coated capsules over three years of follow-up in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial in Area Sur Oriente and Area Norte, Santiago. Surveillance in the Area Occidente trial was continued for four additional years (i.e., total seven years of follow-up) and in the Area Sur Oriente/Area Norte trial for two additional years (i.e., a total of five years of follow-up). These additional surveillance data, which were analyzed to ascertain the longevity of protection conferred by these Formulations of Ty21a, revealed that three doses of Ty21a in enteric-coated capsules (every other day schedule) conferred 67% protection over three years and 62% protection over seven years of follow-up, whereas three doses of Liquid Formulation (every other day schedule) elicited 77% protection over three years and 78% over five years of follow-up. Based on its excellent clinical acceptability, ease of oral administration, proven practicality in school-based mass immunization, and long-term efficacy enduring at least seven years, it is proposed that school-based immunization with Ty21a be utilized as a control measure in areas where the incidence of typhoid fever is high and Salmonella typhi are antibiotic-resistant.

  • safety and immunogenicity of salmonella typhi ty21a Liquid Formulation vaccine in 4 to 6 year old thai children
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1992
    Co-Authors: T Olanratmanee, Usa Thisyakorn, Myron M Levine, Genny Losonsky, S J Cryz
    Abstract:

    The safety and immunogenicity of the Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine in Liquid form was evaluated in 170 Thai children 4–6 years of age. Subjects were randomized to receive either 3 doses of vaccine or placebo on alternate days in a double-blind fashion. Three mild adverse reactions were noted, all in the placebo group. Of the vaccine recipients, 69 of 83 (83%) responded with a significant rise in serum anti-S. typhi LPS antibody compared to 11 of 76 (14%) placebo recipients (P < 0.001).

T Olanratmanee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Usa Thisyakorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.